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Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
The COVID-19 pandemic situation has opened people's eyes to the importance of health, the increasing demand for health products has encouraged the logistics industry of PT X, which plays a role in the distribution of goods, to carry out overtime work to meet the high work intensity, this increases the risk of fatigue in the workplace which can reduce body function and have an impact on the health of workers and even the risk of errors in the workplace. Additionally, PT X lacks a fatigue risk management system, making it unable to do fatigue detection, thus this research aims to provide an overview of complaints and fatigue warehouse logistics workers at PT X year 2022, located in one of the DKI Jakarta region. Research design is a quantitative and qualitative with a cross-sectional study using questionnaire instruments, including the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which were then analyzed univariately and triangulated the data with the results of field interviews towards several workers and the coordinator of each team. The results showed that there were 20 workers (37.04%) experiencing light fatigue, the majority of the others (62.96%) did not experience any, and none with severe fatigue, as for the most dominant fatigue risk factor found is the workers' sleep quantity with the majority of workers (83.33%) having sleep duration below the standard of 7 hours minimum
Kata kunci: Berat lahir, grafik persentil, panjang lahir, usia kehamilan
ABSTRAK Testosteron merupakan salah satu hormon androgen pada laki-laki, yang akan menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya usia Dua puluh persen dari pria berusia 60- 80 tahun, dan 35% dari pria yang berusia lebih dari 80 tahun, mempunyai konsentrasi testosteron di bawah batas normal. Beberapa faktor mempengaruhi terjadinya penurunan hormon testosteron, beberapa di antaranya dapat dimodifikasi, seperti indeks massa tubuh, asupan makan, gaya hidup, faktor penyakit, sehingga diharapkan dapat dilakukan upaya-upaya pencegahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan hormon testosteron pada laki-laki, di antaranya adalah usia, indeks massa tubuh, asupan makan, gaya hidup seperti perilaku merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan faktor penyakit kronik yaitu Diabetes dan tekanan darah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang. Data didapat dari data sekunder penelitian payung Andropause Trisakti-Puskesmas Cilandak tahun 2011. Sebanyak 249 responden laki-laki usia 40 tahun ke atas yang memenuhi kriteria masuk sebagai subyek penelitian. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks massa tubuh, Diabetes Melitus, serta merokok dengan testosteron total, dengan OR sebesar 2,1 (95% CI : 1,085 ? 4,058), 5,5 (95% CI : 2,442 ? 12,443), OR=0,485 (95% CI: 0,249 ? 0,944). Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik didapatkan faktor Diabetes Melitus merupakan faktor yang paling dominan terhadap hormon testosteron pada laki-laki usia 40 tahun ke atas (OR =5,49 , 95% CI : 2,427 ? 13,20).
Abstract Testosterone is one of the male?s androgen hormone, which it decrease according to age-ing. 20% male population from 60 to 80 years of age , and 35% of male population above 80 years of age, experincing lower than normal testosterone level. Several factors supposed to influence testosterone hormone decline, such as body mass index, food intake, lifestyle, and disease, and yet these factors are also modifiable to accomodate prevention efforts. This research had been conducted to further determine factors contribution to the influence,which were age, food intake, lifestyle such as smoking and physical activities, chronic disease (e.g diabetic mellitus, blood pressure) . The study design was cross sectional. The required data was retrieved as secondary data resulted from an umbrella androgen research in puskesmas Cilandak at 2011. The 249 males respondent, age above 40 years old, all eligible of the criterias, was included as test subjects. This study established a significant relation between body mass index (OR= 2,1; 95%CI:1.085 ? 4.058), diabetes mellitus (OR= 5,5; 95% CI:2,442-12.443) , and smoking (OR= 0.485; 95% CI: 0.249-0.944), towards total testosterone levels. Multivariate analysis rendered that diabetes mellitus is the most dominant factor to male above 40 years old testosterone level (OR=5,49, 95% CI: 2,427 ? 13,20)
