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Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta tahun 2003-2005.
Disain : Studi ini menggunakan rancangan Kasus Kontrol. Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bagian Program-Diklat RSUD Tarakan ? Jakarta dan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dikembangkan. Wawancara dilakukan oleh enumerator yang sudah dilatih mewawancarai terhadap responden kasus maupun responden kontrol. Subyek berjumlah 190 orang, dimana responden yang positif leptospira sebagai kelompok kasus dan reponden yang negatif leptospira sebagai kontrol, dengan perbandingan 1:1. Varibel independen adalah Faktor lingkungan (Keadaan dan penataan rumah, loteng/plafon rumah, binatang penular (vektor), sarana air bersih, sarana penyimpanan makanan, SPAL) serta karakteristik individu ( Umur, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan, perilaku, dan pendidikan). Ananlisis dilakukan deng chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil : Ada hubungan bermakna antara keadaan dan penataan rumah (OR= 3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), SPAL ( OR= 1,982; 95% CI: 1,111-3,536), Tingkat Sosial Ekonomi (OR= 1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), pengetahuan (OR= 17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) dan Pendidikan (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta pada tahun 2003-2005. Terdapat 4 (empat) faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis adalah pendidikan,pengetahuan, sarana air bersih dan komponen dan penataan rumah.
Kata Kunci: Faktor Lingkungan, Karakteristik Individu, Kejadian Leptospirosis, Kasus-Kontrol.
Background: Jakarta is one of the largest cities in Indonesia where almost every year got flood. Of course, flood brings very bad impact for all human life aspect, which one is the incidence of various post-flood diseases. Environment changes caused by flood resulting leptospirosis spread (rat urine disease), this thing resulted because animal urine infected by leptospira germ will carried by water pond and contaminate house environment. Case occurred in DKI Jakarta are 65 people (2003), 78 people (2004), and 51 people (2005). Leptospirosis problem occurred in DKI Jakarta always occurred in the same area caused by bad environment factor, bad behavior, or individual characteristic influence.
Objective: To find relation between environment factor and individual characteristic toward leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005.
Design: This study use Case Control design. Data in this research based on secondary data obtained from Part of Diklat RSUD Tarakan Program ? Jakarta and through structured interview using developed questioner. Interview done by enumerator, which has trained to interview case respondent and control respondent. Subject are 190 people, whereas positive leptospirosa respondent as case group and negative leptospirosa respondent as control group, with 1:1 comparison. Independent variable is environment factor (house condition and settlement, house plafond, infector animal (vector), sanitation, food supply, SPAL) and also individual characteristic (age, job, sex, knowledge, behavior, and education). Analysis done by chi-square and double logistic regression.
Result: There is relation between both house condition and settlement (OR=3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), waste (OR=1,982; 95%CI: 1,111-3,536), social economy (OR=1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), knowledge (OR=17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) and education (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Conclusion: From research result found that environment factor and individual characteristic related with leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005. There are four dominant factors that affect leptospirosis, such as education, knowledge, sanitation, and house component and settlement.
Key Word: Environment Factor, Individual Characteristic, Leptospirosis, Case-Control.
Background: Indonesia still face the problem of height of prevalence disease, especially related to environmental condition which still not yet good. One of them is intestine worm infestation which isn't it through by soil or was often referred as “Soil Transmitted Helminths”. Wormy Infestation at child of elementary schoolchild will affect growth, degrading ability of physical, productivity learn and degrade his intelectuality, at the same time this situation will have an effect on to status of gizi energy and accept Iesson. Result of Inspection and Wormy Eradication ( October 2004) at some elementary school conducted by Public Health Services Langkat District in Sub- District of Stabat and Hinai show number at gyration 30-60%. Objective: Objective of this research is to obtain information about prevalence of infestation wormy at child of Elementary School G. Ambat, Sp. Kuta Buluh and N.Ukur Selatan and also know factors any kind of having an effect on to height of prevalence wormy at elementary schoolchild. Method: Method of research is "Observasional Study" that is case control desing, will be compared to case group and control group by the eksposure. Comparison of case group and control is 1: 1 with sampel to the each group counted 100 children of elementary schoolchild. Result: Wormy infestation prevalence of elementary schoolchild in Sub District of Sei Bingai still high (77,64%). Infestation prevalence of each worm type is Ascaris lumbricoides infection 68,46%, Tricuris trichiura 49,3% and hookworm 8.8%. Result of analyse from multivarite logistics regression model that wormy infestation of elementary shoolchild proven closely related to social economics variable, water sanitation, knowledge of mother and behavior of child. Existence of interaction between economics social with knowledge of mother, indicating that situation of economic social as prakondition to the happening of influence of knowledge to wormy infestation. In the situation low economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 44,6 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. While in the situation high economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 0,45 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. Conclution: Thereby require to be conducted counselling effort for child and mother to improve knowledge and change behavior of mother, and also repair of condition of sanitasi environmental. Key Word: Wormy Infestation, Elementary Schoolchild, Sei Bingai, Langkat, Logistic Regrretion.
High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in arterial blood pressure. If left untreated and uncontrolled, hypertension can lead to death caused by complications. Mortality in patients with hypertension most often occurs because of stroke, kidney failure, heart disease, or disorders of the eye. In high blood pressure, heart pumps blood to the body with exceptional high pressure, one reason is because of emotional stress. Increased blood pressure will be greater in individuals who have a high tendency of emotional stress.
Tujuan : Pekerja di RS P merupakan pekerja yang harus menghadapi situasi kerja yang sangat berisiko terjadinya kejadian bullying dari berbagai pihak dan menuntut perfoma yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, dan Job Performance pada pekerja di RS P. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectionaldengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara acak kepada kelompok pekerja yang bekerja di RS P dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 195 orang. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi, cross tabulasi dan dianalisis hubungannya dengan metode uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif (signifikansi 0,000) dengan kekuatan korelasi yang cukup (0,412) antara Workplace Bullying dengan Psychological Distress. Namun tidak terdapat korelasi (signifikansi 0,350) terkait kejadian workplace bullying dengan peningkatan maupun punurunan dari job performance pekerja di RS P.Tidak terdapat korelasi antara psychological distress dengan job performance (signifikansi 0,158).Mayoritas responden tidak mengalami bullying (84,6 %), tidak mengalami psychological distress (77,4 %), danjob performance dari pekerja di RS P mayoritas sesuai standar yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan (93,8 %). Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor mediator yang lain. Walaupun didapatkan kejadian bullying yang rendah di RS P,manajemen harus tetap waspada dan segera bertindak untuk mengidentifikasi dan mencegah terjadinya perilaku bullying tersebut.Hal ini penting untuk mencegah terjadinya korban bullying dan penerapan program anti bullying yang tepat di tempat kerja, sehingga tingkat psychological distress tidak meningkat dan job performance tetap terjaga dengan baik. Disamping itu perlunya meningkatkan motivasi pekerja dan fasilitas-fasilitas yang didapat oleh pekerja, sehingga mengurangi dampak bullying di tempat kerja maupun psychological distress di RS P
Objective : Workers in RS P are workers who have to face a work situation that is very risky for bullying from various parties and demands high performance. This study aims to assess the relationship between Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, and Job Performance on workers at RS P. Methods : This study is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that was distributed randomly to groups of workers who work in RS P with a total of 195 respondents. The collected data was then processed using a frequency distribution table, cross tabulation and analyzed its relationship with the Spearman correlation test method Results : The results showed that there was a positive correlation (significance 0.000) with sufficient correlation strength (0.412) between Workplace Bullying and Psychological Distress. However, there is no correlation (significance 0.350) related to the incidence of workplace bullying with an increase or decrease in the job performance of workers at RS P. There is no correlation between psychological distress and job performance (significance 0.158). The majority of respondents did not experience bullying (84.6 %), did not experience psychological distress (77.4% %), and the job performance of the workers in RS P was the majority according to the standards set by the company (93.8 %). Conclusion : The results of the study indicate that the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is still influenced by other mediator factors. Even though there is a low incidence of bullying in RS P, management must remain vigilant and act immediately to identify and prevent the occurrence of bullying behavior. This is important to prevent bullying victims and to implement appropriate anti-bullying programs in the workplace, so that the level of psychological distress does not increase and job performance is maintained properly. Besides that, it is necessary to increase the motivation of workers and the facilities obtained by workers, thereby reducing the impact of bullying in the workplace and psychological distress at RS P..
Hubungan lingkungan rumah, perilaku dan pekerjaan dengan kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi belum banyak diteliti dan mf ratenya masih diatas 1% sehingga masih mungkin terjadi penularan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian terhadap hubungan lingkungan rumah, perilaku dan pekerjaan terhadap kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi tahun 2006. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode kasus kontrol, menggunakan data primer hasil wawancara dan observasi lingkungan responder_ Responder berjurniah 216 orang yang terdiri dari 72 kasus dan 144 kontrol. Analisis hasil dilakukan dengan uji statistik dari univariat sampai multivariat. Penelitian menghasilkan faktor-faktor yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian filariasis adalah konstruksi rumah yang berupa plafon rumah dengan OR=2,8 pads 95% CI 1,43 - 5,47, dinding rumah nilai OR = 2,1 pads 95% CI 1,11-3,92 dan peneahayaan dalam rumah dengan OR = 6,7 pada 95% CI 1,76-25,64. Untuk lingkungan diluar rumah yang berupa rawa-rawa OR = 2,4 pada 95% CI 1,31-4,50 dan tumbuhan air OR = 2,0 pada 95% CI 1,08-3,55, perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kontak dengan nyamuk berupa perilaku memakai alat perlindungan diri OR = 2,5 pada 95% CI 1,42-4,55, perilaku menghindari did dari gigitan nyamuk OR = 2,5 pads CI 1,38-4,41 dan perilaku mencegah berkembangbiaknya nyamuk OR = 2,3 pads 95% CI 1,32-4,19. Pekerjaan didapat nilai OR = 7,4 pada 95%CI 3,29-16,45. Dalam penelitian ini pekerjaan menjadi faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan filariasis karena odds ratio dan proporsi pekerjaan beresiko yang besar diantara faktor-faktor lainnya. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang tidak mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian filariasis adalah lingkungan diluar rumah yang meliputi areal persawahan, semak belukar dan binatang resevoar. Untuk perilaku adalah perilaku kesehatan lingkungan dan berpergian. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan masukan bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dalam menetapkan program prioritas pemberantasan penyakit menular, menjadi bahan masukan bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat dan dapat memberi manfaat untuk ilmu pengetahuan.
Relation among house environment, behavior and occupation with filariasis cases in Muaro Jambi Regency are not yet analyzed and mf rate is still above 1% so that infection is still possible. Therefore, research on house environment, behavior and occupation toward filariasis in Muaro Jambi Regency year 2006. This quantitative research case control method, by primary data that are taken directly by interview and observation to respondent and local environment. The number of respondent are 216 people that consist of 72 cases and 144 controls. Result analysis is done by statistical test from univariate to multivariate step. Research output that factor have significant relation with filariasis cases are house construction in the form of house ceiling is OR = 2,1 in 95% CI 1,11-3,92, plafond is OR = 2,8 in 95% CI 1,43 - 5,47 and inside house lighting is OR = 6,7 in 95% CI 1,76-25,64, outside house environment such as swamp is OR = 2,4 in 95% CI 1,31-4,50 and water plant is OR = 2,0 in 95% CI 1,08-3,55. For behavior that is related with contact with mosquito is using health safety equipment behavior is OR = 2,5 in 95% CI 1,42-4,55, preventive behavior from mosquito bite is OR = 2,5 in CI 1,38-4,4, land mosquito breeding prevention behavior is OR = 2,3 in 95% CI 1,32-4,19 and occupation is OR = 7,4 in 95%CI 3,29-16,45. Occupation has dominant factor of relation with filariasis because of odds ratio and proportion its risk the bigness among other factorses. While factorses didnot have significant relation among filariasis are outdoors environment which rice field, coppice and animal resevoar. For behaviors are behavior health enviroment and mobility. This research expected to become input material for Health Agency of Muaro Jambi Regency in decided priority program to control communicable desease, become input material for society to improve public health and give benefit for science.