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Patient safety in hospitals is still a crucial issue worldwide, because hospitals are service institutions that seek to cure patients. So patient safety becomes a necessity, it is hoped that there will be no patient safety incidents (zero incidents). One way to control the increasing number of incidents in hospitals is to utilize a reporting system. This study discusses the description of patient safety incident reporting in hospitals in Indonesia and the factors that influence it, in terms of individual, organizational, and government factors. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the factors that influence the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals in Indonesia. This study uses a literature review method with the Garuda Ministry of Education and Culture database, Rama Kemendikbud, Directory of Open Acces Journals (DOAJ), UI Library, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus. The results showed that hospitals in Indonesia already have regulations governing patient safety incident reporting. The reporting system used is still manual-based, and reporting practices cannot be said to be successful because there is still a punitive culture, guarantees for the confidentiality of whistleblowers are still in doubt, reporting is not timely, and feedback is still minimal. From the results of the study, it was also found that the factors that can affect the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals are individual factors (knowledge, fear, workload, and motivation), organizational factors (feedback, reporting systems, confidentiality, socialization and training, and safety culture), and government factors in terms of policy
Rumah Sakit merupakan salah satu sarana kesehatan yang berfungsi untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan dasar atau kesehatan rujukan dan atau upaya kesehatan penunjang. Unit Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit merupakan suatu unit dimana setiap harinya terjadi aktivitas pelayanan terhadap pasien baik yang datang karena keinginan sendiri maupun rujukan dari puskesmas, rumah sakit lain, praktek dokter dan bidan. Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang praktek kedokteran mengharuskan bahwa pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan di rumah sakit harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dari segi mutu pelayanan dan data diagnosa pelayanan. Data dan informasi pelayanan yang di berikan kepada pasien disimpan di dalam berkas rekam medis. Rekam Medis merupakan catatan yang berisikan semua informasi tentang identitas dan riwayat pasien selama menerima pelayanan medik di sebuah organisasi kesehatan yang disajikan secara kronologis sesuai dengan kejadian sampai dengan pemeriksaan, diagnosa, tindakan serta pengobatannya. Unit Rawat Jalan berkaitan erat dengan unit rekam medis karena data dan informasi yang disajikan di unit rekam medis di ambil dari unit rawat jalan yang direkapitulasi dalam bentuk laporan bulanan, triwulan dan tahunan. Permasalahan yang ada dalam Sistem Informasi Rawat Jalan di RSUD Kota Sabang adalah terkait dengan prosedur, basis data, integrasi laporan serta sarana dan prasarana yang belum mendukung dalam peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kepada pasien serta data/informasi yang belum tepat waktu dan akurat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem ini adalah metodologi / model incremental, yang menggabungkan elemen-elemen dalam model urutan linear / System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan filosofi iteratif dari metoda prototipe. Metode ini terbagi dalam 4 tahap yaitu analisis sistem, desain sistem, pengkodean sistem dan uji coba sistem. Identifikasi dan analisis masalah sistem dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, telaah dokumen dan observasi pada instalasi pendaftaran, instalasi rekam medis dan beberapa informan yang terkait. Perancangan prototype dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data mysql yang bersifat open source. Uji coba prototype dilakukan menggunakan data sampel di Laboratorium Komputer Fakultas Kesehatan Masayarakat Departemen Biostatistika Universitas Indonesia. Prototipe yang dihasilkan dapat mengintegrasikan data/informasi dari instalasi pendaftaran, instalasi rekam medis dan direktur rumah sakit dengan menggunakan Lacal Area Network. Komitmen staf instalasi pendaftaran, rekam medis serta direktur rumah sakit sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan masukan dalam pemeliharaan dan pengembangan sistem.
Hospital is one of health instrument that function to do elementary health's effort or reference health and or effort of support health. Outpatient in Hospital is unit where do service activity to the patient both for come because desire its self or reference from puskesmas, other hospital practice doctor and midwife. According Health Law Number 29 of Year 2004 about doctor practice, health care was given in hospital must be responsible from facet of service quality and data of service diagnosis. Data and service information that given to patient is in binded medical record. Medical Record is note that comprising of all informations about identify and patient history during accept medical service in a health organization that presented chronologically in accordance with occurence up to inspection, diagnosis, its action and medication. Ambulatory health care have correlation with medical record unit because data and information that presented in medical record unit is taken away from ambulatory health care unit that summarized in the form of monthly report, quarter and annual. Method as used in system development this is the methodologies / model incremental, that join elements in model of linear sequence / System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with philosophy iteratif from prototype method. This Method is divided into 4 phase that is system analysises, system design, coding system and system test-drive. Identification and analysis of the system were performed by depth interview, document survey and observation of ambulatory health care installation, medical record installation, director and related informant. Prototype design is performed by using PHP programming language and open source mysql database. Prototype testing is performed by using sample data in Computer Laboratory of Biostatistic Departement of Public Health Science Faculty, University of Indonesia. Existing Prototipe will be related between registratition installation, medical record and general hospital manajement by using Local Area Network. The comitment of registration installation staff and record medical in hospital director have been needed to give input maintenance and development system.
Metode pembayaran INA-CBG meningkatkan upaya pengendalian biaya Rumah Sakit melalui pembayaran jasa medis yang lebih kecil, penggunaan obat generik serta pengendalian pemeriksaan penunjang laboratorium dan radiologi. Setiap Rumah Sakit mempunyai karakteristik dalam melakukan pengendalian biaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan dapat menjadi model pembelajaran bagi Rumah Sakit lain. RSUP Fatmawati dalam menerapkan clinical pathway, RSUP Dr. Kariadi dalam pengendalian alat medik habis pakai, RSUP Dr. Sarjito dalam menerapkan jasa pelayanan yang sama untuk semua kelas perawatan dan RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin dalam hal kebijakan mewajibkan penggunaan obat generik.
There is a difference between the claims of INA - CBG with hospital revenue in the fourth class A hospitals; Fatmawati, Dr. Kariadi, Dr . Sarjito and Dr. Hasan Sadikin . Within 6 months, difference range between Rp 1,091,205,671 in Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Rp 10,142,004,398 in Fatmawati Hospital . The difference is mainly influenced by the difference of cost component for medical service payment and pharmacy cost in all cases and cesarean section severity level 3. Dr. Kariadi and Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital are an efficient hospitals, on the other hand Fatmawati and Sarjito Hosital are an inefficient hospitals.
INA-CBG payment method enhance the cost containment efforts through smaller medical service payment, the use of generic drugs, control of laboratory and radiological investigations. Each hospital has the characteristics in costs containment to enhance hospital efficiency and can be a learning model for other hospitals. Fatmawati hospital in implementing clinical pathways, Dr. Kariadi hospital in the control of medical equipment consumables, Dr. Sarjito hospital in implementing the same payment services to all class care and Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital in policies require the use of generic drugs.
Efficiency with quality control and cost control can be done by applying thecalculation of the hospital cost of treatment based on clinical pathways.In theimplementation of the National Health Insurance beginning on January 1, 2014,application of INA rates CBG managed by Health BPJS polemical to the hospital,because of some cases, tariffs applied to experience the difference in rates.Differences also occur in tariff rates between treatment classes. Seeing this, theauthors conducted a study in Tangerang district general hospital in April 2014.This study aimed to obtain the cost of treatment based on clinical pathwaysapendiktomi surgery and analyze the difference between the cost of treatmentclasses at the same rate compares with rates hospitals and INA CBG. Thisresearch is quantitative with qualitative approach through cross sectional dataretrieval. From the results, the difference in the price paid for the same service(cost Shifting) in the calculation of the cost of treatment based on clinicalpathways difference in cost to be borne by the patient or the guarantor is the onlytreatment room accommodation costs. The difference between the cost of the classis as follows: cost of treatment of Class II to Class I medical expenses by 3% andthe cost of treatment of Class II to Class III medical expenses by 3%. Given thiscalculation, the hospital and BPJS is expected to have guideline calculations tarifftreatment between classes based on the calculation of the cost of treatment basedon clinical pathways.
