Employees as human resources play an important role in pacify and expand a production process. They carry out a necessary working activity that in some cases are exposed by the risk of dangerous situation. Occupation accident in an industry, especially in a manufacturing company constitute as undesired evidence. Labor protection principle in occupational accident not only evaluate a potential risk of danger but also find out the cause of emergence. This thesis emphasizes on the cause factors of accident that might suddenly happen in preceding to the working activity. This study would be explored in the production unit of Bridgestone Tire Indonesia. It uses the Fault Tree Analysis Method with a qualitative research. The result of this research shows that the occupation accident occurring in that company has various types following Heinrich theories that the cause of accident are due to fail of carefulness during working activities and unsafe working conditions. To pay attention on the statistics of accident, based on the yearly report, the evidence has increased about 72,7% from 1999 to 2001, at the time patrol safety clothes, the figure fluctuate. That research only focus on flow think or flow chart for unsafe acts and unsafe conditions with secundair data result in fact with field in Fault tree analysis. From the data field result unsafe condition caused of operation machine, materiil conditions and environment condition. Accupation accident from operation machine caused of operation didn't follow on procedures, abnorm condition and didn't connect. Abnorm conditions may be caused of requirement function unprotect, trouble machine or lable in machine can't understand becaused Kanji letters. On trouble may be caused of didn't function of emergency stop, rope emergency can't caught, trouble operator to find manual stop or less of requirement gived. Environment conditions may be floor not smooth, unbalance cleaning service, not keep on Healhty or narrow office in work, in unsafe acts caused of operator working unfollowed with standard and machine abnorm condition. Operator working unfollowed with standard caused of neglected on working, work without safety clothes, work in machine oparation, work withough requirement protect, and hurry working, work unsafe body position, work trouble, unsafe requirement. Work without safety clothe s caused of safety clothes broken, unwilling safety clothes, safety clothes unrelative give, working with safety clothes unpleasant or safety clothes not enough stock. In hurry working caused of in hurry finish or in hurry order target. Trouble working caused of don't know risk or low educated. Hopefully this thesis could contribute to decrease the figure of accident in the manufacturing companies.Bibliography : 35 ( 1980-2000)

Berbagai cara dan pendekatan penerapan sistim menejemen K3 telah dikembangkan, akan tetapi kecelakaan kerja masih terus terjadi terutama dalam dunia kerja Industri. Dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terahir angka Kecelakaan Kerja dunia masih tidak berubah secara signifikan . Konstruksi merupakan sektor industri yang mempunyai tingkat bahaya dan risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Data menunjukkan bahwa selama berlangsungnya kegiatan pekerjaan pada tahun 2010-2011 di PT. XM telah terjadi peningkatan kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja dari 46 kejadian (2010) menjadi 98 kejadian (2011) atau terjadi peningkatan sebesar 52 kasus (113%). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui asosiasi faktor-faktor kecelakaan kerja proyek konstruksi pada PT. XM selama periode waktu 20102011. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan sumber data sekunder yang didapat dari laporan investigasi kecelakaan yang tercatat di PT. XM selama tahun 2010-2011. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dari data sekunder yaitu seluruh sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan seteah mengalami proses cleaning yaitu sebanyak 98 sampel. Sampel penelitian dianalisis secara univariat (distribusi frekuensi) dan bivariat (uji chi-quare). Analisis hubungan dilakukan dengan melihat nilai p terhadap α untuk melihat tingkat kemaknaan hubungan. Dari 98 sampel yang diteliti, sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi merupakan kecelakaan jenis medical treatment accident (48%), disusul kemudian oleh jenis first aid accident (46,9%), dan lost time accident (5,1%). Adapun factor penyebab yang diduga menjadi penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan dengan frekuensi terbanyak yaitu factor briefing yang tidakcukup untuk bekerja (88) dan kurang pengawasan (81). Secara signifikan diketahui tidak ada factor yang diketahui berhubungan secara signifikan dengan timbulnya kecelakaan kerja di PT. XM selama tahun 2010-2011 (p val > 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diatas maka sebaiknya pihak manajemen terkait lebih aktif berperan khususnya dalam fungsi pengawasan, mengoptimalkan sosialisasi dan pembinaan yang terkait dengan safety di tempat kerja, dilain pihak pekerja juga diharapkan dapat turut serta dalam menciptakan suasana yang aman dan sehat di tempat kerja, disiplin dalam menggunakan APD dan meningkatkan pengetahuan penerapan safety dilokasi kerja Kata kunci: Faktor-faktor penyebab kecelakaan kerja, konstruksi.

 Various ways and approaches to Ocupational Health and Safety application management system has been developed, but accidents still occur, especially in the industrial workforce. In the last 10 years the world's number of Accidents still did not change significantly. Construction of an industrial sector that has the level of danger and high risk of work accidents. The data show that during work activities in 2010-2011 at PT. XM has been an increased incidence of Occupational Accidents met 46 events (2010) to 98 events (2011) or an increase of 52 cases (113%). The research was conducted to determine the association of these factors on the construction project work accident  at PT. XM during the time period 2010-2011. Methodology of This study uses cross-sectional study design with secondary data sources are obtained from accident investigation reports are recorded in the PT. XM during the years 2010-2011. The number of samples used secondary data from the entire sample that met the inclusion criteria and had established after the cleaning process as many as 98 samples. The samples were analyzed by univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate (chi-quare test). Relationship analysis done by looking at the p value of significance level α to see the relationship. Of the 98 samples studied, the majority of the accidents was the crash accident type of medical treatment (48%), followed by first aid type of accident (46.9%), and lost time accident (5.1%). The factors causing the alleged cause of the accident with the highest frequency factor insufficient briefing for work (88) and lack of supervision (81). Significantly there are no known factors that are known to be significantly associated with incidence of occupational accidents in the PT. XM during the years 2010-2011 (val p> 0.05). Based on the above it should be related to more active management role in the oversight function in particular, to optimize socialization and training related to safety in the workplace, Supervision to practical safety on site also need to enforcing by management to ensure occupational health and safety at all of the works, on the other workers are also expected to participate in creating a safe and healthy workplace, discipline in the using PPE and enhance the application of knowledge of safety on work place Key words: The factors that cause workplace accidents, construction

Keselamatan kerja tercermin pada keadaan di tempat kerja, yang meliputi kondisi tak aman, tindakan tak aman maupun keadaan Iingkungart kerja, merupakan dasar dari kejadian hampir celaka maupun kecelakaan. Perlindungan keselamatan secara mekanikal peralatan sebagai perbaikan pertama dan langkah umum yang paling awal dilakukan, yang membatasi bahwa kondisi tak aman relatif sebagai penyebab kecelakaan. Inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran bertujuan sebagai sarana untuk mengenali potensial keadaan tak aman yang ada diberbagal fasilitas dan peralatan di lokasi pemboran yang berhubungan dengan rig pemboran darat. Temuan hasil inspeksi dianalisa dan diberikan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi dan atau menghapuskan kejadian hampir celaka dan kecelakaan pada operasi pemboran di PT. CPI. Penelitian ini adalah studi evaluasi dengan mempergunakan data tahun 2003 sampai dengan tahun 2005 di PT. CPI. Data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang merupakan data dari kebijakan dan program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran serta data primes yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner untuk mengetahui pemahaman program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran. Aspek Input adalah komitmen dan dukungan manajemen, hasilnya baik pada tahun 2003, 2004 dan tahun 2005 yang meliputi kebijakan dan program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran serta dukungan sumber daya manusia. Aspek proses yakni penerapan program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran pada tahun 2003 dan 2004 hasilnya kurang baik dan meningkat menjadi sangat balk pada tahun 2005. Aspek Output yaitu Nilai Positive Indicators yang sangat baik dari tahun 2003 s/d tahun 2005 dari program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran di PT. CPI sudah dapat mencerminkan status pengelolaan keselamatan kerja pemboran dari fasilitas maupun peralatan yang dioperasikan. Komitmen dan dukungan manajemen pada tahun 2003 perlu peningkatan pemantauan program inspeksi, pelatihan dan keterlibatan karyawan perusahaan kontraktor pemboran melakukan inspeksi bersama tim inspeksi. Hasil yang kurang baik pada penerapan program inspeksi keselamatan kerja pemboran tahun 2003 dan 2004 disebabkan kurangnya pengawasan, kurangnya pemahaman pengawasan penyelesaian perbaikan. Pemenuhan keselamatan kerja rig pemboran yang sangat baik dari tahun 2003 s/d tahun 2005 karena perusahaan kontraktor pemboran telah melaksanakan inspeksi internal, mempunyai surat ijin iayak operasi (SILO) dan manajemen telah melakukan pengawasan secara lebih baik, keterlibatan karyawan meningkat serta adanya pemantauan dan evaluasi.

Occupational safety can be seen a lot from the situation at the workplace, which includes unsafe conditions, unsafe actions and also the situation of work environment. Safety protection which is done mechanically as a first improvement and the earliest general action taken, create a limitation that unsafe conditions seem to be considered as the main cause of accidents. Occupational safety inspection at drilling industry is aimed as means to recognize the unsafe conditions exist in many facilities and equipment at the drilling sites, which are related to ground drilling rig. The result of the inspection is then analyzed and given as a recommendation to decrease andlor eliminate nearly-accidents occurrence and accidents at the drilling operation in PT. CPI. This study is an evaluation study using data taken from 2003 until 2005 in PT. CPI. The data is a secondary data obtained from policies and occupational safety inspection program at drilling industry as well as primary data obtained from questionnaires in order to find out the acknowledgement and comprehension of occupational safety inspection program at drilling industry. The input aspect is management commitment and supports, the results are data either from 2003, 2004, or 2005 which include policies and occupational safety inspection program at drilling industry as well as human resource supports. The process aspect is the implementation of occupational safety inspection program at drilling company during 2003 to 2004, the result are not quite good yet improving to be very good in 2005. The output aspect is Positive indicators Value which is considered excellent from 2003 until 2005 in occupational safety inspection program at drilling industry PT. CPI. The program has already shown the status of occupational safety management either the facilities or the equipment being operated. Management commitment and supports in 2003 needs an improvement in the inspection program monitoring, training and workers from drilling industry contractors to perform inspection along with the inspection team. The low quality results in the implementation of occupational safety inspection at drilling industry 2003-2004 is due to the lack of monitoring, supervisor's knowledge of improvement completion. The very good result shown at drilling rig from 2003 until 2005 is because the drilling contractor has performed internal inspection, already has an authorization letter to perform operation (SILO) and the management has done better monitoring, workers involvement has improved and monitoring and evaluation is well-performed.

Nyeri pinggang bawah merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja yang paling tua dalam sejarah. Sampai sekarang masih tetap merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai. Di perusahaan ini nyeri pinggang bawah selama dua tahun terakhir ini menduduki urutan kedua dari sepuluh penyakit terbanyak. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui prevalensi serta faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi keluhan nyeri pinggang bawah ini. Metoda penelitian: Berupa studi kros seksional dengan analisis kasus kontrol. Jumlah sampel pada kelompok terpajan (bagian mixing) sebanyak 230 orang dan pada kelompok tidak terpajan (bagian quality control) sebanyak 109 orang. Data penelitian didapat dari medical records, medical check up, kuesioner, observasi, wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik. Hasil penelitian : Pada kelompok mixing (n=230) didapatkan angka prevalensi untuk keluhan nyeri pinggang sebesar 92,2% dan pada kelompok quality control (n=109) sebesar 21,1%. Dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara bermakna pada terjadinya keluhan nyeri pinggang dari yang paling kuat pengaruhnya adalah berat beban, merokok, status, umur, masa kerja, pengetahuan cara mengangkat, frekuensi mengangkat dan pendidikan (pada kelompok mixing dan quality control). Untuk kelompok mixing saja faktor yang paling kuat mempengaruhi adalah umur (p=0,0000; 13 ,325). Untuk yang quality control yang besar pengaruhnya adalah pendidikan (p=0,000 ;B=0,412). Diskusi : Dari penelitian ini secara statistik terbukti bahwa faktor berat beban, merokok, status, umur, masa kerja, pengetahuan cara mengangkat, frekuensi mengangkat dan pendidikan (p = < 0,05) bermakna dalam mempengaruhi keluhan nyeri pinggang . Dan faktor lain seperti pelatihan, SOP dan alat pelindung diri yang tidak bisa dibuktikan secara statistik tetapi kenyataannya berpengaruh. Ini terbukti dari penelitian yang dilakukan di Rusia oleh Toroptsova NV (et al). Maka dan itu untuk mencegah dan mengurangi keluhan nyeri pinggang perlu kerjasama yang baik dari pihak manajemen, tenaga kerja dan dokter perusahaan.

Low Back Pain Among the Workers Food Spices Factory in Purwakarta and the Factors that Related Low back pain is the very old occupational and safety problem in history. Until now still as an occupational and safety problem that most happen. In this factory, low back pain became the second top of ten kinds of diseases that often happen after upper respiratory tract infection. That's why, this case study done with goal to know the prevalence and the factors that related with low back pain. Method: A cross sectional study with case control analysis. Sample consisted of mixing group 230 workers and quality control group 109 workers. Data were collected from medical records, medical check up results, questioners, observation, interview and physical examination. Results: The prevalence of low back pain among mixing group is 92,9% and among quality control group is 21,1%. The factors that related significantly with low back pain are: weight of load, smoking, status, age, duration of working, knowledge of the technique for lifting, frequency of lifting and education among mixing group and among quality control group (p=<0,05). For the mixing group the factor that is strongly influents low back pain is age (p ,0000 : B-0,325). And for the quality control group is education (p=0,0000; B= 0,412). Discussion: There were statistically significant relation between weight of load, smoking, status, age, duration of working, knowledge of the technique for lifting, frequency of lifting and education (p<0,05) with low back pain. The other factors like training, SOP (Standard Operation Procedure) and protection equipment that were statistically can not proved but in fact these factors can significantly related with low back pain In Toroptsova NV (et a!) study already proved those factors could cause low back pain. That's why for preventing and reducing this problem needs cooperation between management, workers and occupational and safety doctor in factory.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis penyebab kecelakaan kerja fatal jatuh dari kapal pada transportasi air dalam kegiatan survei seismik 2D PT. X di Simenggaris, Kalimantan Timur tahun 2010, dimana satu orang kru rintis #2 pada line 26 karyawan PT. SMK (mitra kerja) kehilangan nyawa karena korban terjatuh dari kapal saat akan mengambil pelampung yang diletakkan di atap kapal dan kemudian tenggelam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan data sekunder berupa dokumen laporan hasil investigasi kecelakaan dan foto kejadian mengenai kecelakaan kerja fatal jatuh dari kapal pada penggunaan transportasi air dalam survei seismik yang dilakukan oleh PT. X di Simenggaris, Kalimantan Timur. Adapun teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis penyebab kecelakaan adalah 5 Whys dan SCAT. Hasil analisa peneliti terkait penyebab kecelakaan fatal ini, mencakup dua hal, yaitu penyebab langsung berupa tindakan tidak aman korban yang tidak memperkirakan risiko yang dihadapi saat mengambil pelampung, dan kondisi tidak aman yaitu akses untuk menaiki dan menuruni kapal (bridging) yang belum disesuaikan dengan kondisi pasang-surut permukaan air sungai sehingga kondisi berlumpur, housekeeping yang buruk serta pengaman kapal yang tidak memadai. Sedangkan penyebab pedukung, mencakup: mitra kerja tidak memiliki SMK3, HSE Plan, dan Instruksi Kerja/SOP pekerjaan yang belum dilaksanakan secara konsisten oleh mitra kerja, tidak memadainya standar K3, serta kurangnya kesadaran dan pengawasan mandor. Kata kunci :  kecelakaan fatal, jatuh dari kapal, penyebab langsung, penyebab pendukung

This study focused on analyzing the causes of fatal accident man overboard on water transport in the 2D seismic survey activities of PT. X in Simenggaris, East Kalimantan in 2010. One crew of Rintis # 2 on line 26, employees of PT. SMK (partners) lost his lives because fell from the ship when took a life jacket which placed on the ship roof and then he sank. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach based on secondary data from the investigation report documents of the accident, as well as the documentation pictures.  The technique used to analyze the causes of accidents is 5 Whys and SCAT. The results of research analysis on the causes of this fatal accident, include two major; 1) direct cause of action; the victim did not conscious about the risk in front of him, by did not cleaned up the boot and use the life jacket before entering the boat) and unsafe conditions of access to up and down ship (bridging) that have not adapted to the conditions of the tidal river water surface, poor housekeeping, and minimum fence security on boat. While the contributing cause, including: sub-contractor did not have HSE system, HSE Plan, and Work Instructions / SOPs of work was not carried out consistently, minimum HSE, minimum training and controlling by PT X, as well as lack of supervision. Key words : fatal accidents, man overboard, direct causes, contributing causes