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LBW is brith weight less than 2500 grams (up to 2499 grams). LBW can cause prenatal death and pain, and increase the risk of causing non-communicable diseases. The proportion of LBW in Indonesia from the 2007 IDHS period, 2012, 2017 was stable and there was no different from 2007 to 2017. Unwanted pregnancies became one of the risk factors for LBW. Unwanted pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside of planning. Because a husband or wife partner cannot use contraception, there is no access to family planning services which causes pregnancy, while the physical or psychological condition of the partner is not ready and rejects the pregnancy. The proportion of unwanted pregnancies in the 2007, 2012, 2017 IDHS period is stable.
Kata kunci: BBLR; kehamilan remaja
Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia has the prevalence of 7,3 % according to IDHS 2012. Some research showed that more LBW occurences happened to mother aged 15-19 at the time of birth. This study aims to prove the association between adolescent pregnancy and low birth weight after controlling all the confounding variables. The method used for this study is case-control (1:1) by analyzing IDHS 2012. The selected cases are 871 with 871 controls. Covariate variables are education, parity, complication during pregnancy, complication at birth, months of pregnancy at first antenatal visit and number of antenatal visit. The result of the study is that there is a significant association between adolescent pregnancy after controlling all confounding variables which are education, complication during pregnancy and months of pregnancy at first antenatal visit and number of antenatal visit (OR: 2,65; p value= 0,013; 95% CI: 1,232-5,712).
Key words: LBW; adolescent pregnancy
The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is a health problem that can not be ignored because it contributes greatly to neonatal mortality and is sensitive to long-term risks to infant health. One of the maternal factors that can lead to a high-risk pregnancy for LBW is the pregnancy intentions. This study aims to determine the association between pregnancy intentions and LBW based on secondary data from Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey 2012. The design of this study was cross sectional with 8922 samples of mothers aged 15-49 years married, had given birth within 5 years (before Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey 2012 data collection), single birth and live birth conditions. The result of the study obtained the proportion of LBW at 6.2%. Based on multivariate analysis of logistic regression, after all categories were controlled by ANC age and frequency variable, pregnancy category was then mistimed at 1,055 times for LBW. The unwanted pregnancy category was modified by a history of complications, for the unwanted category and had a history of complications having a greater risk (1,158 times) of delivering LBW, for unwanted pregnancy and no history of complications having a smaller risk (0.590 times) Compared with respondents with intended pregnancies and no history of complications (references). However, the final outcome for both categories of pregnancy intentions showed a statistically insignificant. Keywords: Pregnancy Intention, Low Birth Weight (LBW), Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012.
Angka kematian bayi (AKB) sebagai salah satu indikator mortalitas derajat kesehatan di Indonesia telah menurun cukup berarti, namun masih jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara ASEAN serta negara-negara maju. Angka kematian neonatal merupakan sekilar 40% dari AKB, dengan penyebab utama adalah bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) sebesar 29% (SKRT, 2001). Berbagai studi menyebutkan banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya BBLR, faktor kualitas pelayanan antenatal merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang sangat penting, disamping faktor-faktor lain seperti paritas, jarak kelahiran, riwayat kehamilan terdahulu, pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, tingkat aktifitas fisik ibu, komplikasi selama hamil, perilaku merokok, umur ibu, tinggi badan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, etnis atau ras, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan jenis kelamin bayi yang dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) terhadap kejadian BBLR di Indonesia. Penelitian dirancang secara kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan data terdokumentasi basil SDKI 2002-2003. Kasus adalah subjek dengan atribut efek positif (BBLR) dicarikan kontrolnya yaitu subjek dengan atribut efek negatif (Tidak BBLR). Populasi studi adalah seluruh sampel SDKI 2002-2003 yaitu semua wanita berusia 15-49 tahun yang sudah pernah kawin dan melahirkan dengan lahir hidup dalam lima tahun terakhir sebelum survei, dengan kriteria inklusi kasus dan kontrol adalah kelahiran tunggal, ditimbang saat lahir, dan bapak juga diwawancarai, sedangkan kriteria eksklusinya adalah data terdokumentasi tidak tersedia lengkap. Dengan menggunakan rumus Batas minimal sampel untuk kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan didapatkan kasus sebanyak 82 dan kontrol 328. Dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda, model akhir pengaruh kualitas pelayanan antenatal terhadap kejadian BBLR didapatkan nilai OR = 2,71 (95% CI: 1,60-4,58), artinya bahwa responden yang mendapatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) dengan kualitas buruk kemungkinan berisiko 2,71 kali lebih besar untuk melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mcndapatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal balk setelah dikontrol dengan komplikasi selama hamil, umur ibu, dan jenis kelamin bayi. Variabel yang terbukti signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian BBLR adalah komplikasi selama hamil (OR = 3,98 atau 95% CI: 2,06-7,67), umur ibu (OR = 1,98 atau 95% CI: 1,02-3,85), dan jenis kelamin bayi (OR = 1,93 atau 95% CI: 1,14-3,28), sedangkan variabel yang tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik adalah paritas, riwayat kehamilan, dan pendidikan ibu. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) terbukti mempunyai pengaruh bermakna secara statistik terhadap kejadian BBLR setelah dikontrol dengan variabel komplikasi selama hamil, umur ibu, dan jenis kelamin bayi, sehingga perlu menjadi bahan pertimbangan oleh para pengambil kebijakan dalam upaya menurunkan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) as one of mortality indicators of health level degraded in Indonesia significantly, but it is higher than many countries in ASEAN and also development countries. Neonatal mortality is almost 40% of infant mortality rate with main reason of low birth weight is 29% (SKRT, 2001). Various study mentioned many factors which caused a low birth weight occurrence, antenatal service quality factor is one of the important risk factors compared with other factors such as parity, birth interval, past pregnancy history, weight increased during pregnancy, activity level of mother's physic. Complication during pregnancy, smoking behavior, mother's age, mother's tall, education level of mother, ethnic or race, social and economic level, and baby gender which is born. This Research purpose is to know effect of antenatal service quality factor (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) to low birth weight occurrence. Research designed with a control case by using result of documentation data SDKI 2002-2003. Case is subject with positive effect attribute (low birth weight) by looking for its control that is subject with negative effect attribute (no low birth weight). Study population are all samples of SDKI 2002-2003 that are all women 15-49 years old who have married and born with life birth in last five years before survey, with inclusion criterion of case and control are single birth, weighted when she born, and father is also held an interview, while its inclusion criterion of available documentation data is not complete. By using a minimum limit formula of samples for non match control case, it founded 82 cases and 328 controls. By analysis of multiple logistic regression, final model effect of antenatal service quality to low birth weight occurrence got a value of OR = 2,71 (95% CI: 1,60-4,58), this means responders who got antenatal service quality (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) with a bad quality of risk possibility are 2,71 times bigger to bear with low birth weight compared with mother who got good quality of antenatal service after controlled with a complication during pregnancy, mother's age, and baby gender. Significant variable with a low birth weight occurrence statistically is complication during pregnancy (OR = 3,98 atau 95% CI: 2,06-7,67), mother's age (OR = 1,98 or 95% Cl: 1,02-3,85), and baby gender (OR = 1,93 or 95% CI: 1,14-3,28), while variables who does not significant effect statistically are parity, pregnancy history, and mother?s education. It is concluded that antenatal service quality (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) have significant effects statistically to low birth weight occurrence after controlled with complication variable during pregnancy, mother?s age, and baby gender, so it is important to become consideration for all policies makers decreasing effort of low birth weight occurrence in Indonesia.
ABSTRAK Nama : Stevy Elisabeth Dame Simamora Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Pengaruh Paparan Asap Rokok Dari Suami Pada Wanita Usia 15-57 Tahun Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Lanjutan IFLS V Tahun 2014) Pembimbing : DR. dr. Sudarto Ronoatmodjo S.K.M., M.Sc Di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan angka nasional BBLR yaitu sekitar 10,2%. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) tahun 2011 diperoleh hasil bahwa 67% laki-laki di Indonesia merokok. (1) Sementara itu pada tahun 2011-2015 prevalensi perokok pasif yang terpapar asap rokok di rumah sekitar 78.4%, lebih dari separuh perokok pasif adalah kelompok rentan seperti perempuan dan balita. (2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dari suami pada wanita usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dari suami pada wanita usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini menganalisis data IFLS V tahun 2014.Jumlah wanita usia 15-57 tahun yang menjadi responden IFLS V sebanyak 2.721 orang. Sebanyak 1.599 orang menjadi total sampel karena telah memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi yaitu wanita usia 15 – 57 tahun dengan anak kelahiran terakhir yang lahir hidup dalam kurun waktu 2007-2015, Pernah melahirkan. Sedangkan kriteria ekslusi yaitu : data tentang riwayat merokok suamidan variabel kovariat tidak lengkap, dan ibu merupakan perokok aktif. Proporsi ibu usia 15-57 tahun yang terpapar asap rokok dari suami adalah 73,5 % . Proporsi bayi dengan berat lahir rendah yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang terpapar asap rokok dari suami pada penelitian ini adalah 7,74 %, dan proporsi bblr pada ibu yang tidak terpapar asap rokok dari suami yaitu 6,86%. Terdapat hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara merokok pasif pada ibu usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR dengan 1,096 (CI 95% 0,721-1,66) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat kunjungan ANC. Pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadap kejadian BBLR setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat kunjungan ANC tidak bermakna. Meskipun faktor yang mempengaruhi BBLR sangat banyak dan kompleks, namun hal ini dapat dicegah sejak dini. Salah satunya melalui melindungi masyarakat dari paparan asap rokok melalui upaya pencegahan dan promosi kesehatan. Kata Kunci : bblr,merokok pasif, IFLS
ABSTRACT Name : Stevy Elisabeth Dame Simamora Study Program : Epidemiology Title : The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure From Husbands In Women Aged 15-57 Years With Low Birth Weight In Indonesia (Advanced Data Analysis of IFLS V 2014) Counsellor : DR. dr. Sudarto Ronoatmodjo S.K.M., M.Sc In Indonesia based on the results of Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in 2013 shows the national rate of LWB is about 10.2%. Based on a survey conducted by Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2011, it was found that 67% of men in Indonesia smoke. (1) Meanwhile in 2011-2015 the prevalence of passive smokers exposed to cigarette smoke at home is about 78.4%, more than half of passive smokers are vulnerable groups such as women and toddlers. (2). Objective: This study to see the effect of exposure to husbands cigarette smoke with the LWB. Method: This study analyzed IFLS V data in 2014. A total of 1,599 people into the total sample because it has fulfilled the inclusion criteria, namely women aged 15 - 57 years with the last born birth of children in the period 2007-2015, Ever give birth. While the exclusion criteria are: data about husbans smoking history and covariate variable is incomplete, and mother is active smoker. Results: 73.5% of husbands were smokers. The proportion of infants with low birth weight born to mothers exposed to cigarette smoke from husbands in this study was 7.74%, and the proportion of bblr in mothers not exposed to cigarette smoke from husbands was 6.86%. There was no significant relationship between passive smoking in women aged 15-57 years with LWB incidence with 1.096 (95% CI 0.721-1.66) after controlled by antenatal care (ANC) visit variables. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to husbands smoke with the LWB after controlled by antenatal care (ANC) visit history variable is not significant. Although the factors that affect LBW are very numerous and complex, but this can be prevented early on. One of them through protecting people from exposure to cigarette smoke through prevention efforts and health promotion. Key words : LWB, passive smoker, IFLS
