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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor individual, interpesonal dan lingkungan struktural dengan menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pelanggan pada WPSL dan WPSTL. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa WPSTL yang selalu menawarkan penggunaan kondom sebesar 51,6% dan WPSL sebesar 40,3%. Analisis multivariat didapat variabel yang berhubungan dengan menawarkan penggunaan kondom pada WPSL adalah pekerjaan pelanggan, jumlah pelanggan, konsumsi alkohol/NAPZA sebelum berhubungan seks, ketersediaan kondom dan media/sumber infromasi mengenai kondom. Sedangkan pada WPSTL antara lain jumlah pelanggan, pengetahuan mengenai HIV/AIDS dan pencegahannya, kontak dengan petugas penjangkauan dan ketersediaan kondom Disarankan untuk meningkatkan tersedianya kondom di lokasi transaksi seksual dan upaya promotif dan preventif pada WPS dengan pendekatan yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik WPS.
Kata kunci : Menawarkan, Kondom, WPSL, WPSTL
One of the risk factors of HIV / AIDS transmission in Indonesia is unsafe sex. To disconnect of transmission can be done with the use of condoms consistently and correctly at the time of sexual intercourse. The low consistency of condom use is caused by the condom use offer is also low. Women Sex Workers (WPS) are the contributing parts. Women Live Sex Workers are women who provide sexual services whose main purpose of transactions are to exchange sexual services with money. Indirect Sex Workers Women are women who provide sexual services but are not the main source of income, the services provided can provide additional income. This study uses data of Biological and Behavior Integrated Survey (STBP) in 2015 by selecting 2,898 respondents who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The purpose of this study was to compare individual, interpesonal and structural factors related to offering condom use to customers between WPSL and WPSTL. The study used cross sectional design. The result of the research shows that WPSTL always offer condom usage 51,6% and WPSL 40,3%. Multivariate analysis found that variables associated with offering condom use on WPSL are work of customer, number of customer, consuming alcohol / drug before sex, condom availability, and information/media about condom. While on WPSTL, among others, number of customer, knowledge of HIV / AIDS and prevention, contact with outreach workers and the availability of condoms. It is recommended to increase the availability of condoms in the location of sexual transactions and promotive and preventive efforts on WPS with approaches adapted to the characteristics of WPS.
Keywords: Offering, Condom, WPSL, WPSTL.
Prevalensi HIV pada LSL terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, 8% pada 2007 menjadi 17% pada 2011. Tingginya prevalensi HIV pada populasi ini disebabkan oleh pratek perilaku seks aman berupa penggunaan kondom secara konsisten yang masih rendah, 32% pada 2007 dan 24% pada 2011. Tujuan penelitian: Diperolehnya informasi yang mendalam tentang faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat perilaku penggunaan kondom secara konsisten pada pekerja seks laki-laki panti pijat serta situasi dan pola penggunaan kondomnya. Desain penelitian: Kualitatif menggunakan rapid assessment procedures. Sebanyak 30 informan dipilih melalui ?stratified? purposive sampling dari 15 panti pijat laki-laki, diwawancarai secara mendalam menggunakan structured open-ended question, ditranskrip dan matriks dibuat untuk memilah data sesuai tema-tema yang muncul. Observasi situasi di panti pijat dan analisis dokumen dilakukan untuk melengkapi wawancara mendalam. Analisis-interpretasi data dilakukan berdasarkan 5 level Socio Ecological Model. Hasil: Sebagian besar faktor-faktor pada level individual (pengetahuan, motivasi dan kesiapan menggunakan kondom, niat, keputusan menggunakan kondom, keterampilan, dan selfefficacy) dalam situasi yang memadai dan menjadi faktor pendukung penggunaan kondom secara konsisten. Namun pengaruh faktor-faktor ini tidak langsung dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor interpersonal terutama klien, atasan/manajer panti pijat, teman dan pasangan tetap serta oleh faktor-faktor situasi organisasi panti pijat seperti aturan organisasi, mekanisme rantai suplai distribusi dan promosi kondom, struktur dan budaya organisasi. Faktor-faktor pada level komunitas tidak mendukung tetapi juga tidak menghambat secara langsung karena jejaring, kapasitas, kepemimpinan, partisipasi dan sumber daya komunitas masih embrional dan belum kuat. Faktor-faktor pada level kebijakan publik mendukung perilaku penggunaan kondom informan karena memungkinkan ketersediaan dan distribusi kondom serta program HIV berjalan di panti pijat. Namun karena adanya kontradiksi antara beberapa kebijakan publik, pengaruhnya menjadi terbatas. Ditemukan juga ada 3 pola umum penggunaan kondom pada informan yang merupakan model sederhana dari stage of change model, health believe model, precaution adoption process model dan social cognitive theory. Kesimpulan/rekomendasi: semua informan telah menggunakan kondom tetapi hanya sebagian kecil informan, sekitar 30%, yang penggunaan kondomnya konsisten. Faktor pada level interpersonal dan organisasional adalah faktor yang paling mempengaruhi penggunaan kondom informan dibandingkan faktor-faktor pada level individual, komunitas dan kebijakan publik. Disarankan agar intervensi pencegahan HIV menyasar lebih dalam faktor-faktor pada kedua level tersebut.
Background: HIV prevalence among MSM increase time to time, 8% in 2007 to 17% in 2011. High HIV prevalence among this population caused by low unsafe sex practices in form of consistent condom use, 32% in 2007 and 24% in 2011. Study purpose: to acquired insight of consistent condom use suporting and inhibiting factors among massage parlor-based male sex workers as well as situation and patterns of condom use behavior. Study design: qualitative approach using rapid assessment procedure method. Thirty informans were select through ?stratified? purposive sampling from 15 massage parlors, interviewed using structured open-ended questions, trancripted and matrix developed for data sorting to captured any emerged themes. Documents and secondary data analysis and observation carried out to suplement indepth interview. Data analysis and interpretation done based on 5 levesl of Socio Ecological Model. Results: Most of factors at individual level (knowledge, motivation and readiness to use condom, behavioral intention, deicion about acting, condom use skill, self-efficacy) were adequate and as supporting factors for consistent condom use practices. However influences of these factors was indirect and greathly influenced by interpersonal factors particularly by clients, massage parlor managers, peers and steady partners as well as by organizational factors such as massage parlor work regulation, condom supply chain management and promotion, organizational culture and structure. Factors at community level were neither support nor inhibit directly to consitent condom use practices. These are mainly caused by inadequate and embryonic stage of community networking, capacity, leadership, participation, and resources. Factors at public policy level support informant?s consistent condom use practices since these factors enabled condom availability and distribution and presence of HIV prevention program inside the massage parlors as well. However due to contradiction among those existing public policy, the influences were narrow. This study found 3 general patterns of informant?s condom use practices which are served as simple model of social cognitive theory, stages of change model, health believe model and precaution adoption process model. Conslusion/recommendation: All informants had used condom but only few of them, about 30%, had used it consistently. Factors at interpersonal and organizational level were the most influencing factors for consistent condom use practices among informants compared to factors at individual, community and public policy level. It is recommended to have deeper and more intensive intervention at those two levels.
Breast cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases among women in Indonesia, with cases predicted to continue rising. Early detection are therefore crucial to ensure timely treatment of this disease. Despite this, many women are reluctant to do early breast cancer detection for various reasons. The Depok City Government has implemented a breast cancer screening program, revealing an increasing number of suspected cancer and tumor/lump cases annually, particularly at the Sawangan Public Health Center. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between knowledge, motivation, and skills related to early breast cancer detection behavior among women at the Sawangan Public Health Center, Depok. This research employed a cross-sectional method with a sample size of 235 respondents. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents have below-average knowledge regarding early breast cancer detection and lack skills in performing Breast Self-Examinations (BSE). The proportion of respondents with weak and strong motivation was relatively similar, with slightly more respondents showing strong motivation for early breast cancer detection. Additionally, respondents demonstrated high self-efficacy in performing BSE. The study found significant relationships between knowledge (p=0.003), BSE skills (p=0.000), and self-efficacy (p=0.000) with early breast cancer detection behavior. However, no significant relationship was found between motivation (p=0.949) and early detection behavior. The recommendation for Sawangan Public Health Center is to promote Clinical Breast Examination services and provide regular education on early breast cancer detection to both visitors of the health center and the broader community by utilizing the internet and social media platforms to reach a wider audience.
