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Kata kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, faktor iklim, kepadatan penduduk, KotaBogor
The number of cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have never decreasedin some tropical and subtropical regions and even tends to increase and causemany death in children. In Indonesia, DHF has become a public health problemduring the last 45 years. Some of the risk factors to the occurrence of infectionand the development of DHF include population density and climatic factors. Thisstudy aim to determine correlation between population density and climaticfactors in the incidence of DHF in Bogor City in 2010-2013. This study is aquantitative study with ecology design.Measurement of climatic factors includes temperature, humidity and rainfall. Thedata collected included secondary data population density, climatic factors and thenumber of DHF cases. The results of this study indicate that there is a significantcorrelation between humidity and DHF incidence in Bogor City in 2010-2013.Meanwhile, for population density, temperature and rainfall there is no significantcorrelation with the incidence of DHF.
Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever climatic factors, population density,Bogor City
Kata Kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, DBD, Variabilitas Iklim, Perubahan Iklim, Tutupan Lahan
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The main vectors that transmit the dengue virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The city with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia in 2021 is Depok City with 3,155 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 151.2 cases per 100,000 population. During the last 10 years from 2012-2020, the trend of dengue cases in Depok City tends to increase. Objective: To determine the relationship between climatic factors and population density with the incidence of DHF in Depok City in 2012-2021. Methods: This study uses an ecological study with correlation analysis to see the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a 1-month lag (time lag 1), and density population with DHF Incidence Rate. Results: The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between non-time lag humidity and time lag 1 humidity with DHF Incidence Rate (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000) with the strength of the relationship being positive (r = 0.332 and r-0.451). The results of the multiple linear regression test produce a predictive model with the equation IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Temperature) + 0.394 (Relative Humidity) + 0.023 (Rainfall). Based on the results of the regression equation, if it is simulated with a combination of the temperature of 26,1oC, humidity of 82.9%, and rainfall of 14.9 mm, there will be an increase in IR of DHF by 10 cases per 100,000 population.
Latar Belakang : Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) hingga saat ini masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, terutama pada daerah perkotaan seperti Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Variabel iklim berupa suhu udara, tingkat kelembaban, serta curah hujan diketahui berhubungan dengan perubahan jumlah kasus DBD karena faktor-faktor tersebut memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan aktivitas nyamuk Aedes spp. sebagai vektor penular penyakit. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim yang mencakup suhu udara, kelembaban udara, serta curah hujan terhadap kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat selama periode 2016–2025. Metode : Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan ekologi time series untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Data yang dipakai merupakan data sekunder berupa jumlah kejadian DBD yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, sedangkan data terkait iklim seperti suhu udara, kelembaban udara, serta curah hujan bersumber dari NASA POWER. Teknik analisis yang diterapkan meliputi analisis univariat serta bivariat, dengan pengujian korelasi menggunakan Pearson atau Spearman berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas masing-masing variabel. Hasil : Temuan kajian ini memperlihatkan jika keterkaitan antara faktor iklim berupa suhu udara serta kelembaban udara terhadap kejadian DBD lebih dominan pada Lag 1 dibandingkan Lag 2. Hubungan negatif yang signifikan ditemukan pada tahun 2021 serta 2023. Di sisi lain, faktor iklim curah hujan memperlihatkan hubungan yang lebih kuat pada Lag 2 daripada Lag 1.
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains one of the major public health problems in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas such as the Administrative City of West Jakarta. Climate variables, including air temperature, humidity levels, and rainfall, are known to be associated with changes in the number of DHF cases because these factors influence the growth and activity of Aedes spp. mosquitoes as disease vectors. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between climate factors, namely air temperature, air humidity, and rainfall, and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the Administrative City of West Jakarta during the 2016–2025 period. Methods: This study employed a quantitative method with a time-series ecological design to analyze the research data. The data used were secondary data consisting of the number of DHF cases obtained from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, while climate-related data such as air temperature, air humidity, and rainfall were sourced from NASA POWER. The analytical techniques applied included univariate and bivariate analyses, with correlation testing using Pearson or Spearman methods based on the normality test results of each variable.Results: The findings of this study indicate that the relationship between climate factors, specifically air temperature and air humidity, and DHF incidence was stronger at Lag 1 compared to Lag 2. Significant negative relationships were identified in 2021 and 2023. Meanwhile, the climate factor of rainfall demonstrated a stronger relationship at Lag 2 than at Lag 1.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease with minor or major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and plasma leakage caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. WHO noted that from 1968-2009, Indonesia became the first country in Southeast Asia with the most dengue cases and the second in the world. In 2015, the Indonesian Ministry of Health has recorded an increase in the number of districts/cities infected with dengue fever in Indonesia. From 384 regencies and cities, it increased to 446 regencies and cities. One of the districts/cities with high dengue cases is South Tangerang City. In 2014, South Tangerang City became the largest contributor to DHF cases in Banten Province with 768 cases. There are factors that can be the cause of high dengue cases, namely climate factors, population density, and mosquito populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between climatic factors, population density, and larval free rate (LFR) with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021. This research uses an ecological time series design study with quantitative methods and correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. This study uses secondary data from the South Tangerang City Health Office; Central Bureau of Statistics of South Tangerang City; and the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The results of this study are that there is a significant relationship between temperature, humidity, and LFR with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 (p = 0.016; r = -0.282) (p = 0.000; r = 0.506) (p = 0.000 ; r = -0.558), while rainfall and population density showed insignificant results with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 (p = 0.064; r = 0.220) (p = 0.759; r = -0.037). From the results of multiple linear regression, it was found that the variables that entered the final model were humidity and LFR variables and could explain 39.9% of the variation in the dependent variable of DHF incidence (R square = 0.399). The most influential variable on the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 is the humidity variable.
