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ABSTRAK
Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan pembubuh utama di negara maju maupunnegara berkembang. Salah satu faktor risiko utama penyebab arterosclerosis adalahhiperkolesterolemia yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol LDL.Perubahan pola hidup yang ditandai dengan kurangnya mengkonsumsi buah dansayuran serta banyak mengkonsumsi makanan yang tinggi lemak, merupakan salahsatu risiko terjadinya peningkatan kadar kolesterol LDL. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui hubungan asupan serat dengan kadar kolesterol LDL pendudukusia 25-65 tahun di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor tahun 2013. Penelitian dilakukandengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data baseline Studi Kohor Faktor RisikoPenyakit Tidak Menular Badan Litbangkes tahun 2011. Analisis multivariatemenggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis data diperoleh proporsi kolesterol LDLtinggi sebesar 78.3% dengan rata-rata kadar kolesterol 120 mg/dl. Rata-rata asupanserat sebesar 7 gram/hari dengan proporsi asupan serat <6.6 gram/hari sebesar 50.5%.Hasil multivariate menunjukkan asupan serat rendah merupakan faktor protektif (OR= 0.182) terhadap kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur,asupan lemak dan asupan protein nabati. Faktor determinan dalam model ini terhadapkadar kolesterol LDL adalah asupan protein nabati (OR = 13.356). Model ini mampumemprediksi kejadian kadar kolesterol LDL sebesar 79.4% dan sisanya dipengaruhioleh variabel lain yang tidak tercantun didalam model. Dengan melakukanpenyuluhan akan pentingnya mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandungserat merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan terjadinya penyakit yang berhubungandengan arterocslerosis. Merubah pola makan dengan memperbanyak konsumsi buahakan mengurangi kadar kolesterol LDL dalam darah.
ABSTRACT
Coronary heart disease considers as one of the major killers both in developedand developing countries. One of the main risk factors that caused artherosclerosis ishypercholesterolemia which indicates by elevated LDL cholesterol level. Life stylechanging by lack of consuming fruits and vegetables while excess in consuming foodhigh in fat content considered one of risk to have elevated cholesterol level. The aimof this research is to identify the relationship between fiber consumption and thecontent of LDL cholesterol for the people of 25-65 years of age at Kebon KelapaVillage in Bogor on the Year of 2013. The research is conducted by Cross Sectional.The analytic design utilizes the baseline data from Cohort Study of ContagiousDisease Risk Factors of the Research and Development of Health Agency of theRepublic of Indonesia in the year of 2011. Stratification is used in analyzing data andcog regression is utilized in multivariate analysis. The analysis of the result obtainedthat the prevalence of LDL cholesterol is 78.3% with the average of cholesterolcontent 120 mg/dl. The average of daily fiber consumption is 7 gram/day with theproportion of fiber consumption <6.6 gram/day is 50.5%. The result of multivariateanalysis indicates that low fiber consumption considers as a protective factor(OR=0.182) toward high level of LDL cholesterol level after having controlled bysuch variables as age, consumptions of fat and vegetable protein. Determinant factorin this model toward LDL cholesterol content is the consumption of vegetable protein(OR=13.356). This model has the ability to predict in experiencing LDL cholesterollevel 79.4% and the remaining would be influenced by other factors that have notwritten down in the model. By educating the community about the important ofconsuming high fiber foods consider as one of the effort to prevent the occurrence ofdiseases relate with artherosclerosis. Changing the eating pattern by consuming morefiber will decrease the content of cholesterol level in the blood
Kriteria utama obesitas menurut WHO adalah IMT namun obesitas sentral lebih berhubungan dengan risiko kesehatan dibanding obesitas umum Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan cut off point dari ketiga indikator dalam mendeteksi terjadinya DMT2. Juga untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan indikator IMT, LP dan rasio LP-TB dengan terjadinya DMT2 dan menentukan indikator mana yang lebih baik dari ketiganya. Desain Cross Sectional. menggunakan data sekunder. Analisis menggunakan regresi logistic dan metode ROC.
Hasil : prevalensi DMT2 9,1% dan prevalensi obesitas berkisar 38,37 % - 41,98 % Nilai cut off obesitas umum IMT ≥ 25,72 kg/m2, LP laki-laki ≥ 80,65 cm perempuan ≥ 80,85 cm dan LP-TB laki-laki ≥ 0,51 perempuan ≥ 0,55.
Kesimpulan : orang dengan obesitas meningkatkan risiko terjadinya DMT2 setelah dikontrol faktor umur. Karena hasil ketiga indikator tidak jauh berbeda, maka penggunaanya tergantung keputusan praktisi kesehatan itu sendiri.
The WHO's major obesity criteria is BMI but central obesity is more associated to health risks than general obesity. The objective of the research is to define the cut off points of the three measurements in detecting the occurrence of T2DM. It is also aimed to examine the relationship of obesity indicators (BMI, WC, and WHtR) with T2DM and determine the best indicator of them. Design of Cross Sectional employs secondary data. Analysis apply logistic model and ROC method.
The result: prevalence of type 2 DM is about 9.1%, and obesity prevalence is about 38.37 % to 41.98 %. The cut off values of BMI general obesity, male WC, female WC, male WHtR, and female WHtR are ≥ 25.72 kg/m2, ≥ 80.65 cm, ≥ 80.85 cm, ≥ 0.5, and ≥ 0,55 respectively.
Conclusion: adjusted by age, obesity increases the risk of type 2 DM occurrence. Since there is no significantly different result, the use of obesity indicators depends on the health practitioner decisions.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 26.301 Penduduk 40-65 tahun menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini. Data diperoleh dari Mandat Litbangkes RI dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik.
Hasil : Risiko TB Paru 4,8 kali lebih besar pada penduduk 40-65 tahun yang memiliki riwayat diabetes mellitus dibandingkan dengan tidak memiliki riwyat diabetes mellitus (POR=4,8 : 95% CI 2,2-10,6).
Kesimpulan : Kolaborasi antar layanan termasuk didalamnya skrining (Diabetes Mellitus dan TB Paru) diperlukan untuk mengurangi prevalensi dari kedua penyakit dengan didukung penyusunan peraturan/pedoman standard antar layanan di FKTP serta pertimbangan pemberian profilaksis PP INH pada penderita diabetes mellitus perlu dipertimbangkan
Introduction : Indonesia is the third rank of the highest number cases of tuberculosis. On average 90% of those infected with M and only 10% develop active tuberculosis after infection (WHO, 2018). Diabetes attacked 382 million in 2013 and will be predicted increase to 592 million by 2035. When diabetes spreads, it will cause more people infected tuberculosis (Lönnroth, 2014). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases with age, especially in populations over 40 years due to the development of glucose intolerance. Therefore, it is necessary to do research to determine the risk of diabetes mellitus against pulmonary tuberculosis in the population of 40-65 years by considering the contributory factors (potential confounder) which are also related to the prevalence of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used cross-sectional design. Sample were 26,301 respondents of 40- 65 years. Data was obtained from the Indonesian Litbangkes and analyzed using the Logistic Regression.
Result : The risk of pulmonary TB was 4,8 times greater in the population of 40-65 years who had a history of diabetes mellitus compared to not having a diabetes mellitus (POR = 4,8 : 95% CI 2,2-10,6).
Conclusion : Collaboration both health services including screening (Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary TB) is needed to reduce the prevalence of both diseases and profilaxis program of PP INH need to be considered
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the cardiovascular group. Obesity could increase a person's risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 DM and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes with obesity increases the risk of CHD events based on Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS). This study was used a retrospective cohort study design using secondary data on NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study in 2011-2018. The sample was 493 obese adult respondents in population of NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study whom met this study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of multivariate analysis using cox regression after being controlled by age and duration of obesity found that prediabetes had HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.462- 1.387), p = 0.429 which means the relationship between prediabetes with CHD events in obese adult respondents was not statistically significant.
Latar Belakang : Indonesia adalah negara peringkat ke-3 di dunia sebagai penyumbang penderita baru kusta terbanyak dengan jumlah penderita cacat tingkat-2 sejumlah 2.025 atau 10.11% (indikator < 5%). Kabupaten Bogor memiliki proporsi cacat kusta yang tinggi bahkan melebihi angka nasional yaitu 15.18 %. Beberapa studi menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara perawatan diri dengan kecacatan pada penderita kusta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perawatan diri dengan kecacatan pada penderita kusta di Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2012 setelah dinkontrol oleh faktor-faktor lainnya.
Metode : Desain penelitian kasus kontrol. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita kusta tipe MB usia ≥ 15 tahun yang sudah menjalani minimal 8 bulan pengobatan MDT dan tercatat pada register puskesmas tahun 2012 di 10 kecamatan di Kabupaten Bogor. Kasus adalah sebagian dari populasi yang mengalami kecacatan baik tingkat-1 atau tingkat-2 pada saat penelitian dilakukan yang diambil dari puskesmas yang dipilih secara purposive sedangkan kontrol adalah sebagian dari populasi yang tidak mengalami kecacatan pada saat penelitian dilakukan yang diambil secara purposive dari puskesmas yang terpilih. Jumlah sampel 86 orang terdiri dari 43 kasus dan 43 kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat dan multivariat.
Hasil : Terdapat variabel interaksi antara perawatan diri dengan faktor lama sakit sehingga pada analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa penderita kusta yang melakukan perawatan diri dengan baik dan lama sakitnya < 2 tahun diperoleh OR=0.68 (95% CI: 0.12 ? 3.72). Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa perawatan diri tidak berdiri sendiri dalam mempengaruhi kecacatan penderita kusta melainkan ada interaksi bersama antara perawatan diri dengan faktor lama sakit. Bahwa risiko kecacatan semakin besar pada penderita kusta yang kurang baik dalam merawat diri dan lama sakitnya ≥ 2 tahun dengan OR=10.6 (95% CI: 1.03 ? 109.86).
Background : Indonesia is ranked 3rd in the world as a contributor to the new leprosy patients with the highest number of people with disabilities level-2 or 2.025 (10.11%). Bogor district has a high proportion of deformed leprosy even exceed the national rate is 15.18%. Some studies show a significant relationship between self-care disability in patients with leprosy. This study aims to determine the relationship of self-care with a disability in leprosy patients in Bogor Regency in 2012 after control by other factors.
Methode : Case-control study design. Population in this research is the type of MB leprosy patients aged ≥ 15 years who had undergone at least 8 months of treatment MDT and recorded in the register in 2012 health centers in 10 districts in Bogor Regency. Case is part of the population who have disabilities either level-1 or level-2 at the time of the study were drawn from purposively selected health centers while the control is part of the population who do not have disabilities at the time of the study were taken from the clinic were purposively selected . Number of samples 86 people consisting of 43 cases and 43 controls. Data analysis was performed bivariate and multivariate
Result : There is a variable interaction between self-care with a long illness factor that in multivariate analysis known that leprosy patients who perform self-care and well long illness <2 years obtained OR = 0.68 (95% CI: 0:12 - 3.72). This study provides results that self-care does not stand alone in influencing disability lepers but no interaction with the factor of self-care with a long illness. That the greater the risk of disability in leprosy patients in poor self-care and pain ≥ 2 years old with OR = 10.6 (95% CI: 1.03 - 109.86).
