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Indonesia is one of 17 countries that have experienied in a double burden of nutritional problems, one of which is stunting of 37.2%, In 2021, the rate of decline in the prevalence of stunting has improved, as can be seen from the 2021 SSGI data showing the prevalence of stunting from 2019 decreased by 3.9% followed by a decrease in 2021 decreased by 3.3% from 27.67% to 24.4% in 2021. Unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia tend to be stagnant and have not decreased. Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) showed an adverse event prevalence of 15%, then the Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) in 2018 showed an adverse event rate of 15%. Unwanted pregnancy is an enabling factor and has a role in causing stunting, starting from the time of pregnancy such as readiness to have children which influences the incidence of unwanted pregnancies and parenting patterns. This study aims to determine the relationship between unwanted pregnancies and the incidence of stunting in toddlers 12-24 months in Indonesia, using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 in quantitative methods. This research covered all provinces and districts/cities in Indonesia. This research uses data analysis with complex samples menu. The result of this research showed that there was no significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy and stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) in Indonesia in bivariate analysis using the chi-square test with a p-value of p 0,648 (OR: 1,054; 95%CI: 0,840 ? 1,324). In multivariate analysis using logistic regression test showed that unwanted pregnancy had a 1.287 greater risk of unwanted pregnancy becoming stunting than unwanted pregnancy (p 0,086, OR: 1,287; 95%CI: 0,965-1,716). There was a confounding in this research, namely the exclusive breastfeeding variable (aOR=1,192: 95%CI : 0,987-1,441: p value 0,069). Low Birth Weight (LBW), Socioeconomic Level and Gender are controlling factors that influence the incidence of stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) in Indonesia, the babies born with LBW will have a 2,508 times greater chance of being stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) compared to babies born normally (p 0,000, OR: 2,508; 95%CI: 1,632-3,855), the lower the socio economic level of the family, the risk is 2.151 times greater for stunting p 0,000, OR:2,151; 95%CI: 1,596-2,900), the male is more likely to experience stunting 1.309 times the risk than female (aOR: 1,309; 95% CI 1,090 1,573; pvalue = 0,004).
This thesis aims to determine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and antenatal care behavior which is a composite of the first antenatal visit, the frequency of antenatal checks and iron consumption. The method used is a cross-sectional design using the 2017 IDHS data. Analysis was performed with chi square and logistic regression models of risk factors. There is a relationship between unintended pregnancy and antenatal care behavior (p value = 0.0001). Mothers with unintended pregnancies have an opportunity to perform poor antenatal care behavior 2,338 times compared to intended pregnancies. The effect of unintended pregnancy on antenatal care behavior depends or varies according to the group of risky maternal age, parity and type of residence.
Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan KEK pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Buol Tahun 2021.
Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Buol. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 239 ibu hamil. Variabel terikat berupa status KEK sedangkan variabel bebas berupa karakteristik ibu, pendapatan keluarga, umur pertama menikah, jarak kehamilan, pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil, frekuensi dan asupan makanan (karbohidrat, energi, protein), akses layanan kesehatan (ANC, K1, dan PMT). Analisis yang dilakukan berupa uji univariat, bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik.
Hasil: Prevalensi KEK dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 23.4%. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan status KEK (p<0.05) dalam penelitian ini adalah jarak kehamilan, umur pertama menikah, dan PMT.
Simpulan dan saran: faktor yang paling mempengaruhi KEK adalah usia pertama menikah. Diperlukan pendidikan gizi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil megenai pentingnya nutrisi saat kehamilan serta terkait sumber dan cara yang tepat mengolah pangan lokal alami untuk mencukupi asupan nutrisi. Selain itu dibutuhkan edukasi untuk menunda usia pernikahan dan kehamilan agar mencapai usia ideal, serta mengatur jarak kelahiran ideal untuk meminimalisasi risiko KEK serta komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan. Peningkatan pengetauan juga perlu didampingi dengan perubahan sikap, intensi dan ketersediaan akses untuk dapat mencapai perubahan perilaku masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK), ibu hamil
Background: Chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy can cause mortality and morbidity in both maternal and her children. Factors associated with chronic energy deficiency to be known to determine an intervention for decreasing prevalence chronic energy deficiency.
Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with chronic energy deficiency in Buol Regency.
Methods: Design study was cross-sectional conducted in Buol Regency. Total sample was 239 pregnant women. The dependent variables was chronic energy deficiency status while the independent variable were subject characteristic, family income, age of first marriage, pregnancy distance, antenatal care, supplementary feeding, maternal nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, carbohydrate, energy, and protein intake . Statistical analysis were univariate, bivariate analysis using Chi Square, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in this study was 23.4%. Variables associated with chronic energy deficiency (p<0.05) was pregnancy distance, age of first marriage, and supplementary feeding.
Conclusions and suggestions: age of first marriage is the strongest associated factor to CED. Nutritional education is needed to increase the knowledge of pregnant women to meet the importance of nutrition during pregnancy, related sources and ways to properly process natural local food to meet nutritional intake. In addition, education is needed to delay the age of marriage and pregnancy in order to reach the ideal age, and set the ideal birth distance to minimize the risk of CED and complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Increasing knowledge also needs to be accompanied by changes in attitudes, intentions and availability of access to be able to achieve changes in people's behavior.
Tujuan Pembangunan Kesehatan adalah meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia serta kualitas kehidupan yang dilakukan sejak dini dan sangat tergantung pada kualitas kesehatan ibu hamil. Saat ini Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (SKRT 1995). Kematian ini umumnya dapat dicegah bila komplikasi kehamilan dan keadaan resiko tinggi lainnya dapat dideteksi secara dini melalui pelayanan antenatal yang baik. Manurut Green perilaku pemanfaatan antenatal dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, pendukung. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada faktor predisposisi yaitu karakteristik sosiodemografi dan pengetahuan ibu.Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan yang dibagi 2 wilayah yaitu wilayah yang cakupan antenatalnya tinggi (Kl > 90% dan K4 > 80%) dan wilayah cakupan antenatalnya rendah (Kl <90% dan K4 <80%). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 192 ibu hamil yang terdiri dari 94 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC tinggi dan 98 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC rendah. Cara pengambilannya simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data untuk variabel bebas: umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, paritas, dan pengetahuan ibu dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung, sedangkan untuk variabel antenatal dilakukan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi melalui KMS ibu hamil.Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi ibu hamil yang memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal baik adalah 29,7% dan yang pemanfaatan antenatal kurang adalah 70,3%. Sedangkan proporsi pemanfaatan ANC berdasarkan wilayah adalah untuk wilayah ANC tinggi yang memanfaatkan antenatal baik adalah 29,6% dan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah 29,8%. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (p >0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan umur, pendidikan, paritas. Akan tetapi ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan status pekerjaan dan pengetahuan ibu (baik secara umum maupun secara terpisah berdasarkan wilayah). Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal untuk wilayah ANC tinggi adalah pengetahuan (OR 3,3161) sedangkan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah pekerjaan ibu (OR 21,6495).Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal di wilayah Kabupaten Donggala masih sangat rendah baik itu secara umum maupun terpisah berdasarkan wilayah cakupan. Untuk itu perlu ditingkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka terhadap manfaat pemeriksaan kehamilan.
Analysis on Relationship between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Pregnant Mother's Knowledge with Utilization of Antenatal Care in Two Areas of Donggala District, Central Sulawesi Province 2001The objective of National Health Development is to improve the quality of human resources and to improve the quality of life. Those improvements are to be started early at life and heavily depend on the quality of pregnant and maternal health. At the present time, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is 373 per 100.000 life births (SKRT, 1995). In general, these deaths could be prevented if the maternal complication and other high risk situations could be detected early through good antenatal care. According to Green, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influence the behavior of antenatal care utilization. This study focused on predisposing factors, which is socio-demographic characteristics and mother's knowledge.This study was conducted in working area of Donggala Health Office, which is divided into two areas, that is area with high antenatal coverage (K1 > 90% and K4 > 80%) and area with low antenatal coverage (K1 < 90% and K4 < 80%). Design of the study is non-experimental with cross-sectional approach. Subjects were 192 pregnant mothers comprised of 94 pregnant mothers in "high ANC area" and 98 pregnant mothers in "low ANC area". Subjects were chosen in a simple random sampling way. Data on independent variables (age, education, current employment, parity, marital status, and mother's knowledge) were collected by face-to-face interview, while data on antenatal variable was collected through both interview and document study on pregnant mother's KMS (health record card).The study found that in general, the proportion of pregnant mother who utilize antenatal care well was 29.7%, while those who utilize antenatal care poorly was 70.3%. In "high ANC area", pregnant mothers who utilize antenatal care well were 29.6% and those who utilize antenatal care well in "low ANC area" were 29.8%. The Chi-square results exhibited no significant association (p > 0.05) between ANC utilization with age, education, and parity. However, significant association was found between ANC utilization with employment status and mother's knowledge (both in general or partial based on area). The logistic regression showed that the most dominating factor that influences ANC utilization in "high ANC area" is knowledge (OR = 3.3161), while in "low ANC area" it is mother's employment status (OR = 21.6495).The study came into conclusion that the utilization of antenatal care in Donggala District was still very low in both general and partial (based on different ANC coverage). Therefore, there is need to improve extension and promotion to pregnant mothers in order to improve their knowledge on the usefulness of antenatal care.
