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Appropriate and rational use of antibiotic is believed to prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotic also affect the success of the treatment of pneumonia patients. The irrational use of antibiotic is thought to also be able to cause lengthening of the length of stay in the hospital, thereby affecting the cost of treating pneumonia patients. Riskesdas data for 2018 showed an increase in the prevalence of pneumonia based on diagnosis by health professionals by 2%, while in 2013 it was 1.8%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the rational use of antibiotic with the clinical outcome of pneumonia patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital. This research is a quantitative descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional) study whose data was collected retrospectively using medical records of patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital for the period of January 1 2019 to 31 December 2019. Of the 77 samples obtained, 37.7% patients get the right antibiotik, 93.5% of patients get the right dose of antibiotic, 85.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right duration, and 98.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right frequency. Clinical improvement that occurred ≤ fifth day was 88.3% and length of stay ≤ 5 days was 67.5%. The rationality of antibiotik use did not show a significant relationship to clinical outcome (p value > 0.05) and length of stay (p value > 0.05).
Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kasus baru malaria tahun 2009/2010 di seluruh indonesia berdasar Riskesdas 2010 masih tinggi, yaitu 22,9 permil. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan adanya hubungan antara perilaku dalam mencegah gigitan nyamuk dengan kejadian malaria, tetapi dalam wilayah yang sebatas lokasi penelitian di tingkat kabupaten atau suatu provinsi. Sehingga peneliti merasa tertarik untuk melakukan analisa pada sampel rumah tangga yang ada pada seluruh provinsi di indonesia menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan hubungan antara penggunaan kelambu sewaktu tidur dengan kejadian malaria di indonesia tahun 2010. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, dengan mencari hubungan dua vaiabel utama (Penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan penggunaan kelambu sewaktu tidur) terhadap terjadinya penyakit malaria. Sumber data adalah data sekunder Riskesdas 2010 dengan total sampel adalah 251.833 responden. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan proporsi responden yang menderita malaria sebesar 2,6 % dan yang tidak menderita malaria 97,4%. Dapat dikatakan bahwa prevalensi malaria di Indonesia tahun 2010 sebesar 26‰. Analisis bivariat menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna obat anti nyamuk dengan kejadian malaria (p=0,000) dan mendapatkan nilai odds ratio 1,34 (95% Cl: 1,26 – 1,42). Sedangkan hubungan penggunaan kelambu dengan kejadian malaria diperoleh nilai odds ratio (OR)= 0,471 dan 95% Cl: 0,448-0,495 (p= 0,000). Kemudian dilakukan analisis multivariat guna melihat hubungan variabel utama dengan outcome setelah mengontrol pengaruh dari variabel confounder. Didapat hasil, variabel obat anti nyamuk memiliki OR=1,515 (95% CI = 1,25 – 1,84) dengan nilai p = 0,000, setelah dikontol variabel kelambu, variabel endemisitas, dan dikontrol juga dengan adanya variabel interaksi obat anti nyamuk oleh kelambu. Sedangan variabel penggunaan kelambu, dari hasil analisis memiliki OR=0,750 (95% CI = 0,604 - 0,931) dengan nilai p = 0,009, setelah dikontol variabel penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, varibel endemisitas, dan dikontrol juga dengan adanya variabel interaksi kelambu oleh obat anti nyamuk. Kata kunci : Malaria, Obat anti nyamuk, Kelambu, Riskesdas 2010.
Malaria is a major health problem globaly including Indonesia. Based on Riskesdas 2010 data, incidence of malaria 2009/2010, is high, 22.9‰. Previous studies found an association of behavior in preventing mosquito bites with the incidence of malaria, but in a limited area like in the district or a province. So the researcher was interested to analize the households sample in all provinces in Indonesia using Riskesdas 2010 data. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of anti-mosquito repellent/insecticide and mosquito bed net with the incidence of malaria in Indonesia by the year of 2010. Study design is cross-sectional, to find the relationship of two main variabels (the use of anti-mosquito repellent/insecticide and the use of mosquito bed net) to the occurence of malaria. Data sources are Riskesdas 2010 data, with a total sample of respondents are 251,833. The results obtain proportion of respondents who infected by malaria of 2.6% and 97.4% did not infected by malaria. It could be argued that the prevalence of malaria in Indonesia in 2010 are 26‰. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship of anti-mosquito with malaria incidence (p = 0.000) and obtain the value of odds ratios 1.34 (95% Cl: 1.26 to 1.42). While the relationship with the incidence of malaria bed net use values obtained odds ratio (OR) = 0.471 and 95% Cl: 0.448 to 0.495 (p = 0.000). Then performed multivariate analysis to see the relationship with the primary outcome variables after controlling for the influence of confounder variables. The result, anti-mosquito variable has odds ratio = 1.515 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.84) with p-value = 0.000, adjusted by net variable, endemicity, and controlled also by the presence of interactions anti-mosquito by bed nets . As a Bed nets variabel, the results of the analysis has odds ratio 0.750 (95% CI = 0.604 to 0.931) with a pvalue = 0.009, adjusted by the use of anti-mosquito, endemicity, and also controlled by an interaction anti-mosquito by bed nets . Key words: Malaria, Anti-mosquito, Mosquito bed net, Riskesdas 2010.
Kata kunci: pengguna narkoba, metadon, kualitas hidup
Methadone maintenance therapy has been found to improving in the quality of life. However, there were vary of improvement in several institutions. The present study aims at knowing the correlation between individual factors and quality of life among drug users. This present study was conducted through a cross-sectional method in which 100 patients were selected. Data were collected through WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 35.80, and 94% of the patients were man. The mean score of the total QOL was 65.78. Total QOL was influenced by age, monthly income, physical activity, normal sleepers, and self-efficacy.
Keywords: drug users, methadone, quality of life