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Industri pertambangan merupakan kegiatan industri yang mempunyai risiko tinggi. Faktor manusia telah diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab paling umum terjadinya kecelakaan besar di industri pertambangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis data kecelakaan di PT. X dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis faktor manusia dan sistem klasifikasi industri pertambangan (HFACS-MI). Metode penelitian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data kualitatif untuk 322 kasus kecelakaan di PT. X yang terjadi pada tahun 2018-2022 dari basis data Sistem Manajemen Insiden yang dikategorikan sebagai cedera yang dapat dicatat. Faktor penyebab kecelakaan ini diberi kode menggunakan kerangka HFACS-MI. Data kecelakaan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 84% dari seluruh kecelakaan melibatkan pekerja kontraktor dan 16% melibatkan pekerja tetap PT. X. Hasil analisis menggunakan kerangka HFACS-MI menunjukkan bahwa setiap lapisan atau tingkatan memberikan kontribusi terhadap kecelakaan, yaitu faktor luar (44%), pengaruh organisasi (68%), kepemimpinan tidak aman (90%), prasyarat tindakan tidak aman (99%), dan tindakan tidak aman (99,7%). Temuan ini menekankan perlunya fokus pada pengurangan jumlah kesalahan manusia selama operasi penambangan untuk mengurangi tren kecelakaan saat ini. Kerangka kerja HFACS-MI telah terbukti menjadi alat penting untuk analisis kecelakaan yang kuat terhadap faktor manusia di pertambangan.
The mining industry is an industrial activity with high risks. Human factors have been identified as the most common cause of major accidents in the mining industry. Therefore, this research aims to analyze accident data at PT. X using the human factors analysis and classification system-mining industry framework (HFACS-MI). This research collected qualitative data for 322 accident cases at PT. X occurring from 2018 to 2022 from the Incident Management System database categorized as recordable injuries. Factors causing the accidents were coded using HFACS-MI framework. Accident data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed that 84% of all accidents involved contractor workers and 16% involved the PT. X permanent workers. The results of analysis using the HFACS-MI framework show that each layer or level contributes to accidents, namely outside factors (44%), organizational influences (68%), unsafe leadership (90%), preconditions of unsafe acts (99%), and unsafe acts (99.7%). These findings emphasize the need to focus on reducing the number of human errors during mining operations to reduce the current accident trend. The HFACS-MI framework has proven to be a valuable tool for robust accident analysis of human factors in mining.
PT. XY Dump Truck service company, a cement subsidiary in the limestone mining sector, at PT. XY has had a accident, so an accident analysis using the HFACS-MI method needs to be done. This research to analyze the factors that contribute laten and active failures to accidents in dump truck operations based on the HFACS-MI framework. This research uses a case study research design with a semi-quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The population in this study is accident report data in the form of investigation results from the operation of DT as many as 27 cases of work accidents in 2019-2021. The results showed that the category of HFACS-MI that contributed the most was organizational influences as many as 429 related to the lack of work safety analysis. Then followed by 370 Unsafe leadership related to inadequate work supervision. There are 289 preconditions for unsafe acts related to slippery road surface conditions. As many as 247 unsafe acts are related to failure to recognize hazards. And the smallest contributing category is the outside factor as much as 1 related to workshops outside the company. It is concluded that the HFACS-MI framework on latent failures that contributes a lot is organizational influences and on active failures that contributes a lot is unsafe act, then the suggestions for corrective actions in each HFACS-MI category are on repairing latent and active failures with an emphasis on the category of organizational influences.
HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) is an approach that has been widely used in investigating accidents to find out weaknesses in an organization. This HFACS consists of four layers, namely unsafe act, precondition to unsafe act, unsafe supervision and organizational influence. Accidents can be prevented by closing holes at each defense layer. The HFACS principle is implemented to identify factors that contribute at unsafe driving behavior at PT. X, an oil company in Indonesia. Based on research finding, drivers who commit unsafe behavior are drivers with age 44 - 55 years (77.7%), experience over 16 years (63.1%), carried out on public roads (80.6%), on the afternoon shift (81, 6%), with a position as a team member (64.1%) and in the northern part of the company (56.3%). Weaknesses at the unsafe act level are decision errors (58.3%) ie not consistently applying risk assessment and not implementing safe work procedures. Weakness at level 2 is adverse mental state (52.4%), namely lack of focus in driving. Weakness at level 3 is inadequate supervision (65%) lack of consistent level of supervision to conduct safety supervision. Weakness at level 4 is the lack of consistency in the implementation of operational processes (62.1%), namely the implementation of risk assessment in an organization
This thesis discusses case studies of work accidents due to toxic gas in PT Freeport Indonesia's underground mine. This research is a descriptive design research and the analysis was carried out using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. The results of the study found that there were 3 cases of accidents due to toxic gas in all PTFI underground mining blocks during the 2019-2022 period with risk factors originating from unsafe actions which were categorized in the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which was divided into four, namely organizational influences, unsafe leadership, precondition for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts. In the study, the results of the failure of the defense system on organizational influence in cases of poison gas poisoning were dominated by the category of resource management totaling 7 failures (57%), contributing factors to the failure of the management system including SOP, safety sign, Planned Inspection, PJO, K3 Policy, Database incident management system and communication when submitting work instructions. . The level of Unsafe Supervision in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (55%) with dominance by the Supervisory Violation category, contributing factors to management system failure including the Neil George Checklist, Bulkhead Ventilation, Re-entry Checklist, Airlock Door, Vent bag, Supervisor Inspection, Personal Protective Equipment, Supervision in the field, feasibility of the ventilation system at the work site, supervisor's observation of workers regarding the operation of portable gas detectors and work instructions. The level of Precondition for Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning was dominated by the Personal Readiness category with 8 failures (38%), contributing factors to management system failure including blasting equipment, PDA, understanding of the language of instruction, emission test of heavy equipment, stop vent checklist and ventilation in the blasting area, ignoring the gas detector alarm. The level of Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (46%) from the dominance of the Violation Routine category, contributing factors to management system failure including chemical handling, inadequate procedures, sign threshold values in one language, dumper vents blocked by mud and the vent bag is damaged, the fixed gas detector has not been calibrated and is covered in mud, inconsistent training evaluations are carried out, barricaded areas, do not follow the re-entry protocol. Companies are advised to evaluate the program for handling accidents caused by toxic gasses.
Kata kunci:Kecelakaan, analisis kecelakaan, Human Factors And Classification System, HFACS, Comprehensive List Of Causes, CLC
This thesis assess the accident in PT XYZ 2015 by using Human Factors AndClassification System (HFACS) framework. This research is a semi-quantitativewith design study analytical descriptive. Results from this study are a layer ofHFACS most weakness is unsafe act at 11 from total 11 accidents with theelements of decision error becomes a factor of the number one weakness, thenfollowed with a precondition of unsafe act at 10 with the elements of conditions ofservice to be the factors that most contribute to accidents, followed by unsafesupervision at 7 with inadequate leadership element is the factor that mostcontributed to the accident, and the latter as much as 5 of organizationalinfluences with elements of organizational climate and resource management isthe factor that most contributed to the accident. The analysis of research suggestscorrective actions at each level of HFACS, not only for active failures but alsolatent failures with reinforcing corrective action at the unsafe act layer.
Key words:Accident, accident analysis, Human Factors And Classification System, HFACS,Comprehensive List Of Causes, CLC
