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Smoking still become a risk factor for chronic and deadly diseases. In 2014, there were 5.8 billion smokers in the world, 80 percent started smoking as a teenager. In Indonesia, the average of age to initial smoking is 17,6 years. To protect adolescents from the dangers of smoking, Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) with fear appeal was imprinted on cigarette pack. As 24 June 2014, PHW has been applied in Indonesia. The research aims to describe the response of adolescent smoker in Depok City toward message with fear appeal on PHW in Indonesia.
Perilaku merokok sampai sekarang masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia. Data Susenas 2004, jumlah perokok meningkat dari 32% menjadi 35%. Jakarta menempati urutan teratas untuk jumlah perokok terbanyak pada survei merokok tahun 2000. Di Kabupaten Cirebon, penyakit ISPA non spesifik menempati urutan teratas pada penyakit terbanyak tahun 2006, yang diperkirakan merupakan dampak dari kebiasaan merokok. Salah satu upaya pemerintah menurunkan kebiasaan merokok adalah tulisan peringatan di bungkus rokok. Penelitian yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2007 menyatakan bahwa 76,3 % memilih peringatan kesehatan dalam bentuk gambar dan tulisan sebagai peringatan kesehatan yang efektif. Belum diketahui perbedaan persepsi masyarakat terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasrkan usia, jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi dan status perokok. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Penelitian Peringatan Bahaya Merokok Melalui Gambar Pada Bungkus Rokok di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2007, menggunakan desain cross sectional. Jumlah responden sebanyak 138 orang yang berdomisili di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan usia terutama pada gambar yang paling efektif p=0,030. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan jenis kelamin terutama pada gambar yang paling jelas p=0,000, gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,002, gambar yang paling menakutkan p=0,000 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,001. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan status sosial ekonomi terutama untuk gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,022 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,000. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringstsn bahaya merokok berdasarkan status perokok pada gambar yang paling menarik p=0,000, gambar yang paling jelas p=0,000, gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,000, gambar yang paling menakutkan p=0,000 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,000. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar dalam promosi kesehatan terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok sebaiknya memperhatikan perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi dan status perokok agar pesan-pesan kesehatan lebih mudah diterima masyarakat.
Smoking habit is a cause of the highest mortality and becomes a world health problem. From Susenas data in 2004, smoker number increased from 32% became 35%. Jakarta is on the highest level and a large number of smoker on smoking survey in 2000. Non specific disease of ISPA is on the highest level and most number of disease in 2006. This is estimated that it is impact of smoking habit. One of government effort to decrease smoking habit is warning writing on cigarette bale. This study which was conducted on Health Study Center, University of Indonesia at district of Jakarta and Cirebon in 2007 indicated that 76,3% choosed health warning in the form of picture and writing as an effective health warning. It is not known yet the difference of public perception on warning picture of smoking danger based on age, sex, economic social and smoker status. This study is data analysis of warning picture of smoking danger on cigarette bale by using a cross sectional design at district of Jakarta and Cirebon in 2007. This study used 138 responders who live at district of Jakarta and Cirebon. Data analysis was conducted by using univariate and bivariate analysis with Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test. Study result indicated that there is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on age especially for most effective picture p = 0,030. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on sex especially for most effective picture p = 0,000, most support picture p = 0,002, most terrible picture p = 0,000, most effective picture p = 0,001. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on economic social status especially for most support picture p = 0,022 and most effective picture p = 0,000. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on smoker status especially for most attractive picture p = 0,000, clearest picture p=0,000, most support picture p = 0,000, most incredible picture p=0,000 and most effective picture p=0,000. According to study result, it was suggested for health promotion on warning picture of smoking danger to see the differences of age, sex, economic social status and smoker status so health message can be understood well by public.
Smoking is one of the greatest threats to public health. The Indonesian Government has implemented the No-Smoking Area (Kawasan Tanpa Rokok) policy to protect the public from exposure to cigarette smoke. To support the implementation of this policy in Depok City, the Depok City Health Office initiated the Kampung KTR (No-Smoking Area Village) Program. The success of this program’s adoption is highly influenced by the perceptions of families as members of the affected community. This study aims to analyze family perceptions of the Kampung KTR Program in RW 13, Cisalak Subdistrict, based on the characteristics of innovations in Diffusion of Innovations Theory. This research employed a qualitative approach with a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design, involving primary informants from smoker and non-smoker families, as well as key informants such as the Neighbourhood Head, the KTR task force, and KTR Program Coordinator from Abadi Jaya Health Center. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGD, and observation. The results show that relative advantage, compatibility, and observability tend to support the adoption of innovation, while complexity and trialability potentially hinder it. Overall, family perceptions of the Kampung KTR Program in RW 13 remain varied. These perceptions are shaped by personal experience, involvement in the program, and exposure to the outcomes. To strengthen adoption, broader community engagement, continuous communication, and a more inclusive and participatory implementation strategy are needed.
The high rate of premarital sexual behavior in male adolescents in Indonesia at risk for health problems. Families, especially parents, play a role in preventing premarital sexual intercouse. This study aims to determine the role of reproductive health information from families on premarital sexual behavior of male adolescents aged 15-24 years in Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of the 2017 IDHS-KRR data using a cross sectional design with a sample of 7,030 male adolescents who meet the criteria: male adolescents aged 15-24 years and unmarried. The results showed that about 11% of male adolescents had premarital sexual intercourse, while only 19.5% had received information on health issues from their families. Reproductive health information from family contribute to adolescent premarital sexual intercouse of male adolescents in Indonesia after being controlled by the level of education and reproductive health discussions with teachers. Adolescents who do not get reproductive health information from their families and have low education are nearly 4 times more likely to have premarital sexual intercourse compared to adolescents who get reproductive health information from their families, while adolescents who do not get reproductive health information from their families and are highly educated are 3.5 times more likely to have premarital sexual intercouse compared adolescents who get reproductive health information from their families. Adolescents who do not get information on reproductive health from their families and have never discussed with the teacher about reproductive health are nearly 4 times more likely to have premarital sexual intercourse than adolescents who get information on health care from their families, while adolescents who do not get information on reproductive health from their families and have had discussions with teachers about reproductive health have the opportunity 3.3 times for having premarital sexual intercourse compared to adolescents who get reproductive health information from their families. The hope is that the BKKBN through the GenRe program (PIK R / M, and BKR) can be further utilized by young men and teenage parents, especially fathers, while the PKPR program, the Ministry of Health needs to reach more young men in Indonesia so that it can help reduce the number of sexual behavior young men in Indonesia.
