Ditemukan 31931 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
dependent Infant survival is defined as the ability of infants to survive through life up to 1 year old. Infant survival is the opposite of infant mortality is the death that occurred between after birth until the baby has not exactly 1 year old. In 2012, Indonesia IMR reported as 32 per 1,000 live births. This figure is relatively high compared to the Asia countries with similar socio-economic conditions. Moreover, the gap of IMR also occurred in socio-economic level within Indonesia. Socio-economic status is the primary factor determining survival of infants. Socio-economic status will affect infant survival through maternal factors, nutrition, baby's condition at birth, disease control and environment. This study aims to reveal the infant survival in Indonesia and its determinants based on data IDHS 2012. This study uses Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The result shows that probability of infant survival in Indonesia amounted to 97,8%. Infant survival decreased sharply in the first months of age 1, wherein the proportion of infant deaths in the neonatal period amounted to 53.8% and neonatal deaths occurred in the age of 0-7 days, by 80%. Based on the results of time-dependent Cox regression, the variables entered into the multivariate model were maternal age when gave birth (20-35 years, HR = 1.9), Maternal employment (officer/employee, HR = 2.2; informal sector/industrial, HR = 3.3 ; agriculture, HR = 2.1), birth weight (<2500 grams, HR = 5.9; not weigh, HR = 2.0), prelakteal feeding (HR = 1.5), post-delivery checked (not checked, HR = 2.2). There is interaction between time with the effects of low birth weight and post- delivery checked in the multivariate model obtained. Keywords : Infant survival, infant death, socio-economics, neonatal, cox time dependent regression
Latar belakang: Angka kejadian HIV/AIDS di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Walaupun angka kematian berhasil ditekan namun klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin melaporkan angka loss to follow-up (LTFU) di tahun 2008 lebih tinggi daripada angka kematian. Kepatuhan berobat di awal terapi diketahui berpengaruh terhadap retensi berobat.Metode: Penelitian ini menganalisis kohort sebanyak 412 orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) yang berobat ARV di klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada Januari 2008 hingga Desember 2012 berusia 15 tahun ke atas dan bertempat tinggal di kota Bandung sebagai subyek. Kepatuhan berobat dinilai dari apakah subyek selalu mengambil obat dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi. Subyek dinyatakan tidak patuh jika sekali saja tidak mengambil obat. Subyek yang meninggal dunia atau LTFU setelah menjalani minimal 3 bulan terapi dinyatakan sebagai atrisi. LTFU ialah tidak datang berturut-turut selama 3 bulan dan tidak ada kabar serta tidak berhasil dihubungi oleh staf klinik. Subyek yang tidak mengalami atrisi dinyatakan sebagai retensi. Data dianalisa menggunakan regresi Cox Proportional Hazards untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepatuhan berobat di 3 bulan awal terapi terhadap retensi berobat dalam 5 tahun.Hasil: Subyek yang mengalami atrisi adalah sebanyak 19,9% dimana 4,6% meninggal dan 15,3% LTFU. Proporsi subyek yang tidak patuh dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi adalah 28,9%. Subyek yang tidak patuh di 3 bulan awal terapi mempunyai adjHR sebesar 1,27 (95% CI 0,75-2,17) terhadap LTFU dan adjHR sebesar 1,73 (95% CI 1,11-2,70) terhadap atrisi.
Kesimpulan: Proporsi subyek di klinik Teratai yang tidak patuh berobat dan yang mengalami atrisi masih tinggi. Ketidakpatuhan berobat di 3 bulan pertama terapi berpengaruh buruk terhadap retensi berobat hingga 5 tahun.
Background: HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Indonesia is still increasing. Although case fatality rate (CFR) is decreasing, Teratai Clinic at Hasan Sadikin Hospital reported higher loss to follow-up (LTFU) than CFR in 2008. Early ARV therapy adherence is reported to be associated with therapy retention.
Methods: This study analyzed a cohort of 412 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) iniating ARV therapy in Teratai Clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital around January 2008 - December 2012, age 15 year old or older and living in Bandung city as subjects. Adherence is assessed by whether or not subject always pick up medication in initial 3 months therapy. Subject considered as nonadherent if missed at least one medication. Dead or LTFU subject after 3 months therapy will be classified as attrition. LTFU defined as missing medication for 3 months in a row without any report or which unable to be contacted by clinic staff. Subject who is not classified as attrition will be considered as retention. Data were analyzed by Cox Regression Proportional Hazards to find out the association between adherence in 3 months initial therapy and 5 years retention.
Results: Proportion of subjects which classified as attrition is 19.9%; 4.6% dead and 15.3% LTFU. Proportion of subjects which classified as nonadherent in 3 months intial therapy is 28.9%. Nonadherent subjects in 3 months initial therapy had adjHR 1.27 (95% CI 0.75-2.17) to LTFU and adjHR 1.73 (95% CI 1.11-2.70) to attrition.Conclusions: The proportion of nonadherent and attrition in subjects at Teratai clinic is still high. Nonadherent in 3 months initial therapy had bad association to 5 years retention.
Penyakit Ginjal Kronik merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penurunan fungsi ginjal menjadi penyakit ginjal kronik tahap akhir mengakibatkan pasien harus menjalani terapi penganti ginjal semur hidup. Terapi yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini adalah hemodialisis. Meskipun alat hemodialisis telah banyak dan canggih, namun ketahanan hidup pasien PGK masih rendah. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah komorbiditas atau penyakit penyerta. Komorbiditas yang saat ini paling umum pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah diabetes mellitus. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort restrospektif. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan dan 1 tahun pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan, 1 tahun dan pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah dalah 69%, 55% 34%, dan 34% sedangkan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus adalah 76%, 61%, 53% dan 51%. Secara bivariat, pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus memiliki risiko untuk meninggal 1.75 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pasien komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Sementara itu dari analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel konfonder yang mempengaruhi rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis pada pasien dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah akses vaskular.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the no-communicable diseases which increase every years. The decline of kidney function will progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The ESRD patients has to undurgo dialysis therapy during their lives. the most dialysis therapy is hemodialysis. Although the machine of hemodialysis are quiet a a lot and sophisticate, the survival of CKD patients is still low. One of the causes of low survival PGK patient on maintenance hemodialysis is the comorbid or present disease. Nowadays the most common comorbid for CKD patient with hemodialysis is diabetes mellitus. Research design is using Kohort Retrospective. The probability of survival of 3 months,6 months, 9 months and 1 year CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis with comorbid diabetes mellitus is lower than patients without comorbidities of diabetes mellitus. The probability ofsurvival of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year and CKD patients on maintenance with comorbid diabetes mellitus are 69%, 55% 34%, and 34% while one not comorbid diabetes mellitus are 76%, 61%, 53 % and 51%. In bivariate analysis,CKD patients on maintenance hemodialis with comorbid diabetes mellitus have a risk of dying 1.75 times faster than patients without comorbiddiabetes mellitus. Meanwhile obtained from multivariate analysis confonder variables that affect the low survival of CKD patients on maintenance in patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus is a vascular access.
