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Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar pada anak di seluruh dunia. Setiap tahunnya diestimasikan sekitar 18% kematian anak di bawah usia 5 tahun di seluruh dunia disebabkan oleh pneumonia. Faktor risiko pasti yang berkontribusi diantaranya yaitu balita yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif.
Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita usia 12 -23 bulan setelah dikontrol terhadap confounder. Studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan di tiga wilayah puskesmas Kota Cimahi berdasarkan angka insidens kasus pneumonia balita yang tertinggi di tahun 2012. Kasus adalah balita usia 12 - 23 bulan yang berkunjung ke sarana puskesmas penelitian periode Januari - Desember 2012 dan didiagnosa sebagai kasus pneumonia. Kontrol merupakan tetangga dari kasus, dengan perbandingan jumlah kasus dan kontrol yaitu 1:1. Besar sampel minimal sebanyak 133 untuk masing - masing kelompok. Analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Besar asosiasi balita yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif memiliki OR untuk terjadinya pneumonia sebesar 3,58 kali (95% CI: 2,08 - 6,19) dibandingkan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif setelah dikontrol terhadap confounder.
Penelitian ini memperkuat penelitian terdahulu yang membuktikan kekuatan hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Berfokus pada daerah dengan angka insiden kasus penumonia yang tinggi, pihak dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas dapat lebih meningkatkan upaya promosi dan fasilitasi ASI eksklusif, menciptakan kawasan tanpa asap rokok di tingkat rumah tangga, pengurangan adanya paparan asap pembakaran di dalam rumah, peningkatan pengetahuan ibu berkaitan faktor risiko pneumonia.
Pneumonia is the biggest cause of death in children worldwide. Each year approximately 18% of estimated deaths of children under five worldwide are caused by pneumonia. Definite risk factors that contribute to them are children under five who are not exclusively breastfed.
The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of pneumonia children under five age 12 -23 months after controlling for confounders.Case-control study was conducted in three areas of public health centers Cimahi City based incidence rates were highest children under five cases of pneumonia in 2012. Cases were children aged 12-23 months who visited the research public health centers means the period of January to December 2012 and was diagnosed as a case of pneumonia. Control is a neighbor of the case, the ratio of the number of cases and controls is 1:1. Minimum sample size for each of as many as 133 - each group. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Major association children under five who are not exclusively breastfed for the occurrence of pneumonia had an OR of 3.58 (95% CI: 2.08 to 6.19) than those who are breastfed exclusively after controlling for confounders.
This study reinforces previous research that proves the strength of association of exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of pneumonia in infants. Focusing on areas with a number of high incidence of cases of pneumonia, the health department and public health center could further enhance the promotion and facilitation of exclusive breastfeeding, creating a smoke-free area at the household level, reduction in exposure to combustion fumes in the house, increasing maternal knowledge of risk factors associated pneumonia.
ABSTRAK Nama : Ananda Program Studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Hubungan Insiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia Balita Usia 2-23 Bulan di Poli MTBS Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres Tahun 2018 Pembimbing : drg. Nurhayati A. Prihartono, MPH, M.Sc., ScD Kolostrum merupakan cairan ASI pertama yang kaya akan protein dan mengandung zat antibodi atau kekebalan tubuh yang berfungsi melindungi tubuh terhadap infeksi. Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kemantian balita. Masih sedikitnya penelitian mengenai hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita menjadi alasan dilakukannya penelitian ini. Penelitian yang melihat hubungan IMD terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita usia 2-23 bulan di Poli MTBS Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres tahun 2018 ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Sampel penelitian adalah 62 kasus dan 62 kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita usia 2-23 bulan di Poli MTBS Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres Tahun 2018 dengan OR 2,527 (95% CI 1,173 – 5,364). Artinya, balita usia 2-23 bulan yang tidak melakukan IMD memiliki risiko 2,527 kali lebih besar menjadi sakit pneumonia dibandingkan dengan balita usia 2-23 bulan yang melakukan IMD Kata kunci: IMD, MTBS, Pneumonia Balita
ABSTRACT Name : Ananda Study Program : Epidemiology Community Title : Relation of Early Breastfeeding’s Initiation to Pneumonia among 2-23 Months Infants on MTBS at Kalideres Public Health Center 2018 Counsellor : drg. Nurhayati A. Prihartono, MPH, M.Sc., ScD Colostrum is the first breast milk that rich in protein and contains antibodies or immune serving as bodies protection against infection. Pneumonia is one of main causes of death among infants. Fewer researchers on relation of early breastfeeding’s initiation to pneumonia among infants was the reason for this study. This research sees relation of early breastfeeding’s initiation to pneumonia among 2-23 months infants on MTBS at Kalideres public health center 2018 by using case control method. Samples of this research are 62 cases and 62 controls. Result of this research shows relation of early breastfeeding’s initiation to pneumonia among 2-23 infants on MTBS at Kalideres public health centers 2018 (OR 2,527 ; 95% CI 1,173 – 5,364). It means infants among 2-23 months without early initiation of brestfeeding have 2,527 times greater risks of pneumonia than infants among 2-23 months with early initiation of brestfeeding. Key words: Early Initiation, Breastfeeding, Pneumonia, Infants
There are an estimated 120 million cases of pneumonia every year worldwide, resultingin as many as 1.3 million deaths. Every year pneumonia is always ranked as the leadingcause of death of infants and toddlers in Indonesia. This study aims to determine thefactors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants (12-59 months) in DKIJakarta Province. The study used secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. The researchdesign used was cross sectional. The results showed the proportion of the incidence ofpneumonia in toddlers was 5.7%. There is no statistically significant relationship betweentoddler characteristics and mother characteristics with the incidence of pneumonia. Theproportion of pneumonia is higher in toddlers aged 25-59 months (OR = 1.852), male(OR = 1.2), complete measles immunization status (OR = 1,448), complete DPT-HB-HiBimmunization status (OR = 1.069), complete vitamin A status (OR = 1.189), and havehighly educated mothers (OR = 1.779). Therefore it is necessary to develop a pneumoniaprevention program for toddlers based on these risk factors, as well as counseling to thecommunity especially mothers and other closest people who is taking care of toddlersabout the symptoms and prevention of pneumoniaKey words:Pneumonia, toddlers, DKI Jakarta.
Malnutrition is one of the causes of death in toddlers, around 45% of under-five deaths in the world. Parenting patterns are the attitudes and behavior of parents towards their children, the plan for scheduling feeding and serving it to children is one of the parenting patterns. Poor parenting patterns are an external factor in the occurrence of malnutrition in toddlers. At Kramat Jati Regional Hospital, the percentage of malnutrition among toddlers is 35%. This cross-sectional study aims to see the relationship between parental parenting patterns and malnutrition status in toddlers. Data collection was carried out directly in April-June 2023 on all toddlers who visited the Kramat Jati Regional Hospital polyclinic with a sample size of 374 respondents. The results of statistical tests show that there is a relationship between parenting patterns and malnutrition status. Poor parenting patterns for toddlers who have poor nutrition have a risk of 2.031 times compared to toddlers with normal nutritional status (PR; 2.031; 95% CI: 1.338–3.083; p-value 0.018). The results of the logistic regression analysis of the relationship between parenting patterns and malnutrition status in toddlers after being controlled by covariate variables: mother's age, mother's last education, mother's job, father's job, family income, environmental sanitation, gender, and infectious diseases in toddlers show that those with poor parenting patterns have a 2.080 times risk of experiencing malnutrition compared to toddlers who have normal nutritional status (PR: 2.080; 95% CI: 1.359 – 3.182; p-value: 0.001).
