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Demand for healthcare remain low, even though Indonesian government continueto increase healthcare funding, and implemented the social health insurance thatcovers more than a half of whole population through Jaminan KesehatanNasional (JKN). Numerous studies mentioned that the Supplier induced Demand(SID) is one of many reason why healthcare expenditure is increasing, causingmore financial pressures, increasing the share of national resources spent onhealthcare, which all of these can occur with few benefits for the health of thepopulation.Using data from Indonesian Household Survey (Susenas 2012) and Potensi Desa(Podes 2011), this study provides an empirical evidence of the phenomenon usingmicroeconometrics approach under the two-part modeling, analyzing district levelphysician density on the individual numbers of doctor visit to find evidenceindicating the existence of SID phenomenon in Indonesia.This is the initial study of the phenomenon in Indonesia, and it concludes thatphysician density is proven exogenous and has positive effect on the frequency ofdoctor visit, thus giving evidence indicating Supplier Induced Demandphenomenon occurred in Indonesia. Nevertheles, poor health status of patients isstill the main reason of the healthcare utilization.Keywords: supplier induced demand, demand for healthcare, health insurance,outpatient care
Puskesmas adalah suatu bentuk pelayanan kesehatan dasar bagi seluruh anggota masyarakat, yang dewasa ini telah merata di seluruh pelosok tanah air. Dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal maka Puskesmas harus dapat memantapkan mutu pelayanan perlu mempertahankan jangkauan dan pemerataan pelayanan tersebut.Puskesmas Marga Mulya merupakan salah satu Puskesmas di Kota,Bekasi yang mempunyai jumlah kunjungan cenderung mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2002 Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Marga Mulya terletak di tengah-tengah Kota Bekasi dan berdekatan dengan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah, dengan latar belakang sebagian besar penduduknya berpendidikan SMA keatas (57%).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dasar Puskesmas dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Puskesmas Marga Mulya Kota Bekasi tahun 2002, dan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitianrrya cross sectional (potong lintang).Responded adalah sejumlah keluarga yang anggota keluarganya menderita sakit satu bulan terakhir dan memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan modem, dengan jumlah responden 270 orang yang di pilih secara acak dan rancang bertingkat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, harga/ biaya, jarak, waktu tunggu berhubungan bermakna dengan demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas, jumlah anggota keluarga, jaminan pemeliharaan kesehatan/asuransi, dan kebutuhan tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas.Dari hasil univariat menunjukkan bahwa tingkat demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas Marga Mulya Kota Bekasi tahun 2002 adalah 51,1%. Proporsi terbanyak alasan tidak memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Marga Mulya adalah merasa pengobatan tidak cocok dan alasan lain yang menonjol adalah lokasi saran pelayanan kesehatan lain lebih dekat dengan tempat tinggal.Pada analisa multivariat menunjukkan babwa variabel harga/biaya dan jarak berperan dalam demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan, dan variabel independent yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan adalah variabel jarakSaran sehubungan dengan basil penelitian ini agar demand terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas marga Mulya Iebih baik dimasa yang akan datang, maka untuk menjaring masyarakat yang berada jauh dari Puskesmas perlu didirikan Puskesmas pembantu di RW IIl atau RW X dengan melengkapi sarana penunjang.Kepustakaan 38 (1968-2001)
Demand For Marga Mulya Health Centre, Bekasi 2002.Puskesmas, one of the basic health service for community, have been widely Iocated in all areas. To improve health status of community, Puskesmas needs to maintain service quality and achieve its service coverage targetPuskesmas Marga Mulya is one of The Health Centre in Bekasi the level of patient visits tends to decline in 2001. The service area of Puskesmas Marga Mulya extends at centre of Bekasi and next to The District Public Hospital with the most background of people are up to senior high school (57 % ).The goal of this research is to describe demand for Marga Mulya Health Centre and its determinants. The study is a cross sectional study using quantitative method.Respondent is the head the family who got sick in the last one month and used the modern health service, total sample is 270 respondents selected using multistage random samplingThe result of research showed education, job, status of economy, price or cost, and waiting time were signifantly associated with the demand for Marga Mulya Health Centre while the numbers of the family members, insurance and need had not associated with the demand for health service at Puskesmas.The result from univariat analysis showed 51,] % of respondents had gone to Marga Mulya Health Centre. The main reason was location.Multivariat analysis showed that location and price or cost play important roles to demand. Location was the main factor influenced demand for Marga Mulya Health Centre.The recommendations of the study are improving the service quality in order to screening community which Iived far away from community health centre, sub health centre should be build at RW 3 or RW 10 with completing support facilities.References 38 (1968-2001)
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang, mengetahui factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, dan untuk mengetahui estimasi nilai rata-rata pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang bagi pasien peserta multiguna. Dan akan dihasilkan suatu nilai estimasi yang menjadi standard acuan untuk melakukan utilisasi review. Dilakukan dengan rancangan cross sectional dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien peserta multiguna yang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat terlihat bahwa visite rate rawat jalan pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang adalah 1,3 kali yang mana hampir sama dengan visite rate pasien peserta Jamkesda di Kota/Kabupaten lain. Visite rate rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang hanya 0,03 kali, dan ini masih rendah dibandingkan dengan visite rate rawat inap peserta Jamkesda Kota/Kabupaten lainnya. Rata-rata biaya rawat jalan dan ALOS pasien peserta multiguna hampir sama dengan tariff rawat jalan dan ALOS INADRG RS Tipe B, Kelas 3 dan Poli Biasa. Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang di pengaruhi oleh umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan dan diagnose penyakit pasien. Peneliti menyarankan agar di dalam menyusun anggaran untuk peserta kartu multiguna bidang kesehatan ini hendaknya diperhatikan factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tersebut. Kata Kunci : pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, utilisassi review, standard acuan, visite rate, alos.
ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to describe of utilization of health service outpatient and inpatient by Multiguna’s patient in The General Hospital of Tangerang, knowing the factors associated with utilization of health services, and to determine an average value of health care utilization of outpatient and inpatient in The General Hospital of Tangerang for Multiguna’s patient that will be estimate the gold standard to conduct the utilization review. Performed with a cross-sectional design using quantitative approach. Population was all Multiguna’s patients who utilize health care outpatient and inpatient at The Genaral Hospital of Tangerang. The result of research showed visite rate of outpatient is 1,3 times which is almost the same visite rate outpatient of Jamkesda participants in the other city. Visite rate of hospitalization only 0,03 times, still low compared with visite rate of hospitalization Jamkesda participants in the other city. The average cost of outpatient care and ALOS multiguna’s patient almost equal with rates of outpatient and ALOS of INA-DRG Type B Hospital, Class 3 and ordinary clinic. The results showed that the utilization of outpatient health services and inpatient care by the multiguna’s patient in the general hospital of Tangerang influenced by age, sex, marital status and diagnosis of patient illness. From this study obtained a standard of reference for utilization review. The research suggested that in preparing the budget for health sector of Multiguna are to be considered factors related to the utilization of health services. Key words: utilization of health services, utilization review, reference standard, visite rate, average length of stay.
Utilization of health services have an influence in improving the healthstatus of the elderly. The number of elderly people in Indonesia in 2012 is the fifthlargest in the world and when compared with 1990 that number is projected to beincreased 414% by the year 2025, but the level of utilization of health services inthe Indonesian elderly is the lowest among Southeast Asian countries, while themorbidity of elderly in 2005 is 29.98% and increased in 2007 which reached31.11%.This study is a secondary data analysis of Susenas Panel in 2012 which isa quantitative study with cross-sectional design and the use of chi square test. Thisstudy aims to look at the determinant related to the utilization of health services inoutpatient (RJTP / RJTL) and hospitalization in the sick elderly in Indonesia. Theunit of analysis is the elderly aged ≥ 60 years who had health complaintsThe analysis showed that the utilization of health services is very low inthe sick elderly because still many elderly with health complaints but does notutilize health services (unmet need), factors related to the utilization of outpatienthealth services first level (RJTP): education, ownership health insurance,economic status, variable urban / rural, impaired activity; while in outpatientsettings (RJTL) ie: marital status, education, occupation, ownership healthinsurance, economic status, urban / rural and impaired activity; in the facility ofhospitalization (ranap): education, ownership health insurance, economic status,impaired activity.Suggestions of this study is to increase the utilization of health services atthe health center, it is expected that continuous socialization to the communityabout the importance of elderly health maintenance, improving access to healthcare information for the elderly, encourage the Central and Local Government toprovide budget support in providing health care facilities in accordance with theconditions of the elderly such as home care service, add and strengthend theequity of health personnel trained in handling elderly, expanding health insurancecoverage that ensures the entire cost of treatment of the elderly including elderlywith multipatologis case, encourage central and regional government to socializethe doctors at first level health services such as health centers, physician practices,so that the health personel at the first level better understand the concept andapplication of the Social Security System.Key words :Utilization of health services, unmet need, Susenas Panel 2012
cost for treatment HIV/AIDS is expensive. PLHIV spent high cost for treatment (out-of-pocket). This research analized cost for treatment in outpatient with HIV/AIDS, usedcross sectional design. The sample in this research was 144 outpatient HIV/AIDS inRSKO, taken by simple random sampling. Out-of-Pocket for treatment was Rp100.763,35/visit consists of physician Rp41.557,31, medical (non-ARV) Rp5,administration Rp4.563,56, and laboratorium test Rp13.833,03. The mean for patientwith no insurance Rp999.755,10/year and with insurance Rp268.116,50. There issignificant relationship between payment and number of visit to expense (p value0,0005). Hope government could insure PLHIV for avoiding financial burden.Key words: cost for treatment, HIV/AIDS, Out-of-Pocket, RSKO
