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Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni, Risky Kusuma Hartono
MPPK Vol.27, No.1
Jakarta : Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI, 2017
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Athaya Rofifah Fajriah; Pembimbing: Zakianis; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, Yulia Fitriani
Abstrak:
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Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi penyebab utama kunjungan layanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia. Data menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah kunjungan ISPA, baik pada Rawat Inap Tingkat Pertama (RITP) maupun Rawat Jalan Tingkat Pertama (RJTP), dengan rata-rata tahunan masing-masing sebesar 3,7 juta dan 19,3 juta kunjungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi individu (usia, jenis kelamin, segmentasi peserta, kelas rawat) serta faktor keehatan lingkungan tingkat kabupaten/kota (kepadatan penduduk, tempat tinggal, curah hujan, suhu rata-rata, kelembapan udara, dan kecepatan angin) dan tingkat provinsi (ISPU) terhadap jumlah kunjungan ISPA di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) rawat jalan Program JKN tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan unit analisis individu dan agregat wilayah. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel usia, jenis kelamin, segmentasi peserta, kelas rawat, kepadatan penduduk, tempat tinggal, suhu, kelembapan relatif, dan ISPU memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap kunjungan ISPA di FKTP lebih dari sekali. Pada analisis multivariat, faktor usia, segmentasi peserta, kepadatan penduduk, suhu, dan kecepatan angin berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kunjungan peserta ISPA ke FKTP. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh dalam model ini adalah usia balita. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan multi-level dalam upaya pengendalian ISPA melalui intervensi berbasis individu dan lingkungan.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of visits to primary healthcare services in Indonesia. Data show an increase in ARI visits, both inpatient and outpatient at the primary level, with an average annual total of 3.7 million and 19.3 million visits, respectively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual sociodemographic factors (age, gender, participant segmentation, and treatment class), environmental health factors at the district/city level (population density, residence type, rainfall, average temperature, humidity, and wind speed), and provincial level factors (Air Pollution Standard Index, ISPU) on the number of ARI visits to Primary Healthcare Facilities (FKTP) outpatient services under the JKN program in 2023. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design, with individual and regional aggregate units of analysis. Bivariate analysis results show that age, gender, participant segmentation, treatment class, population density, residence, temperature, relative humidity, and ISPU have a statistically significant relationship with ARI visits to FKTP more than once. Multivariate analysis further reveals that age, participant segmentation, population density, temperature, and wind speed are significantly associated with ARI visits to FKTP. The most influential variable in the model is the age group of children under five. These findings highlight the importance of a multi-level approach in controlling ARI through both individual and environmentbased interventions.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of visits to primary healthcare services in Indonesia. Data show an increase in ARI visits, both inpatient and outpatient at the primary level, with an average annual total of 3.7 million and 19.3 million visits, respectively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual sociodemographic factors (age, gender, participant segmentation, and treatment class), environmental health factors at the district/city level (population density, residence type, rainfall, average temperature, humidity, and wind speed), and provincial level factors (Air Pollution Standard Index, ISPU) on the number of ARI visits to Primary Healthcare Facilities (FKTP) outpatient services under the JKN program in 2023. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design, with individual and regional aggregate units of analysis. Bivariate analysis results show that age, gender, participant segmentation, treatment class, population density, residence, temperature, relative humidity, and ISPU have a statistically significant relationship with ARI visits to FKTP more than once. Multivariate analysis further reveals that age, participant segmentation, population density, temperature, and wind speed are significantly associated with ARI visits to FKTP. The most influential variable in the model is the age group of children under five. These findings highlight the importance of a multi-level approach in controlling ARI through both individual and environmentbased interventions.
S-12001
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Asmaripa Ainy; Promotor: Budi Hidayat; Kopromotor: Pujiyanto, Ali Ghufron Mukti; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, Mardiati Nadjib, Prastuti Soewondo, Mahlil Ruby
Abstrak:
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Sejalan dengan target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Health Coverage (UHC) menjadi agenda utama pembangunan kesehatan yang diimplementasikan di Indonesia melalui Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) sejak tahun 2014. Pada akhir tahun 2022, cakupan kepesertaan JKN telah mencapai 90,45% penduduk Indonesia dan berpotensi meningkatkan utilisasi layanan kesehatan. Namun, variasi utilisasi layanan kesehatan antar kelompok peserta dan wilayah masih terjadi, sehingga pemerataan akses dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan masih menjadi tantangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya estimasi variasi utilisasi layanan kesehatan pada peserta JKN guna mendukung terwujudnya kesetaraan akses layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan memanfaatkan data kepesertaan dan kunjungan layanan kesehatan dari data sampel Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan tahun 2023, data fasilitas kesehatan dari Sistem Monitoring Dewan Jaminan Sosial Nasional (DJSN), data lama sekolah penduduk umur 15 tahun ke atas dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) per kapita dari publikasi Provinsi dalam Angka Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2023, serta data cost weight berdasarkan tarif Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) tahun 2016. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 1.480.031 peserta JKN aktif dengan data lengkap. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan bobot sampel, meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat menggunakan model regresi Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi utilisasi layanan kesehatan pada peserta JKN setelah mengontrol variabel kovariat. Pada layanan di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP), tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan frekuensi kunjungan rawat jalan maupun rawat inap antara peserta JKN Non Penerima Bantuan Iuran (Non PBI) dan Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI). Namun, peserta PBI memiliki peluang nol kunjungan rawat jalan di FKTP yang lebih tinggi (OR 1,92; p<0,001) dan peluang nol kunjungan rawat inap di FKTP yang lebih rendah (OR 0,68; p<0,001). Sebaliknya, pada layanan di Fasilitas Kesehatan Rujukan Tingkat Lanjut (FKRTL), peserta PBI memiliki frekuensi kunjungan rawat jalan dan rawat inap yang lebih rendah (IRR 0,22 dan 0,43; p<0,001) serta peluang nol kunjungan yang lebih tinggi (OR 1,40 dan 5,00; p<0,001) dibandingkan peserta JKN Non PBI. Lebih lanjut, hasil analisis interaksi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan frekuensi kunjungan antara peserta JKN Non PBI dan PBI dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, rasio FKRTL, penyakit kronis, dan tingkat keparahan penyakit. Upaya pemerataan akses layanan kesehatan melalui kebijakan JKN dan bantuan iuran PBI perlu didukung oleh peningkatan literasi kesehatan pada peserta PBI, kemudahan akses dan navigasi sistem rujukan, serta pemerataan FKRTL, terutama di wilayah yang masih menunjukkan utilisasi relatif rendah seperti Sulawesi, Maluku, dan Papua.
In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has become a key health policy priority in Indonesia and has been pursued through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program since 2014. By the end of 2022, JKN coverage had reached 90.45% of the Indonesian population and has the potential to increase healthcare utilization. However, variations in healthcare utilization across membership groups and regions persist, posing challenges to achieving equitable access to and use of healthcare services. This study aimed to estimate variations in healthcare utilization among JKN members to support the achievement of equitable healthcare access. A cross-sectional study design was employed using 2023 membership and healthcare utilization data from the Social Health Insurance Administration Body (BPJS Kesehatan) sample database, health facility data from the National Social Security Council (DJSN) Monitoring System, educational attainment and gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita data from the 2023 Provincial Statistics publications of Statistics Indonesia, and cost-weight data based on the 2016 Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs) tariff system. The study included 1,480,031 active JKN members with complete data. Data were analyzed using sample weights through univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses with Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression models. The findings revealed significant variations in healthcare utilization among JKN members after adjusting for covariates. At the primary healthcare level (FKTP), no significant differences were observed in the frequency of outpatient or inpatient visits between Contribution Assistance Beneficiaries (PBI) and Non PBI members. However, PBI members had higher odds of having no outpatient visits (OR = 1.92; p < 0.001) and lower odds of having no inpatient visits (OR = 0.68; p < 0.001) at FKTP facilities. In contrast, at the secondary and tertiary referral healthcare level (FKRTL), PBI members exhibited lower frequencies of outpatient and inpatient visits (IRR = 0.22 and 0.43, respectively; p < 0.001) and higher odds of having no visits (OR = 1.40 and 5.00, respectively; p < 0.001) compared with Non PBI members. Furthermore, interaction analyses indicated that differences in healthcare utilization between Non PBI and PBI members were modified by educational attainment, region of residence, referral healthcare facility density, chronic disease status, and disease severity. Efforts to promote equitable access to healthcare through the JKN program and PBI contribution assistance should be supported by improving health literacy among PBI members, strengthening access to and navigation of the referral system, and ensuring a more equitable distribution of referral healthcare facilities, particularly in regions with relatively low utilization, such as Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua.
D-625
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ratna Indra Sari; Pembimbing: Adang Bachtiar; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Dadan Erwandi, Mundiharno, Purwati
Abstrak:
Program Kader JKN-KIS dibentuk untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan jumlah kepesertaan dan meningkatkan kolektabilitas iuran BPJS Kesehatan pada segmen peserta informal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis implementasi program Kader JKN-KIS di Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dilakukan selama bulan Mei 2018 dengan tehnik wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn. Uji validitas melalui trianggulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan bahwa implementasi program Kader JKN-KIS di Kota Bekasi secara umum belum berjalan dengan optimal. Sudah ada standar dan sasaran yang ditentukan untuk melihat kinerja, namun pencapaiannya belum maksimal dan target dari fungsi kader belum lengkap. Sistem pencatatan, sistem tehnologi aplikasi, dan desiminasi informasi masih mengalami kendala. Konsistensi, kejelasan dalam komunikasi dan pelaksanaan pedoman belum berjalan maksimal. Hubungan dengan kelurahan belum terjalin dengan baik, SDM Kader JKN-KIS maupun Kantor Cabang masih terbatas. Sikap pelaksana kurang mendukung serta kondisi lingkungan ekonomi, sosial dan politik belum sepenuhnya mendukung implementasi program Kader JKN-KIS. Kesimpulan: implementasi Program Kader JKN-KIS di Kota Bekasi masih memiliki kendala. Perlunya perbaikan dari standar dan sasaran, sistem informasi, komunikasi, SDM, sosialisasi, hubungan kerjasama untuk keberhasilan implementasi program kader JKNKIS.
Kata kunci : implementasi kebijakan; Kader JKN-KIS; sektor informal
The JKN-KIS Cadre Program was established to increase membership growth and increase the collation of BPJS Health contribution to informal segment participants. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre program in Bekasi City. This research uses a qualitative method, conducted during May 2018 with in-depth interview technique, observation and document review using Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation theory. Test validity through a source and method triangulation. The result of the research shows that the implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre program in Bekasi City has not run optimally yet. There are already standards and targets are determined to see the performance, but its achievement is not maximized and the target of the function of the cadre is not yet complete. Recording systems, application technology systems, and information dissemination are still constrained. Consistency, clarity in communications and implementation of guidelines has not been maximized. Relationship with the village has not been established well, Kader JKN-KIS Human Resources and Branch Offices are still limited. The attitude of the implementers is not supportive and the economic, social and political environment has not fully supported the implementation of the KKD-KIS Cadre program. Conclusion: The implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre Program in Bekasi City still has obstacles. The need for improvement of standards and targets, information systems, communication, human resources, socialization, cooperation relationship for successful implementation of JKNKIS cadre program.
Keywords: policy implementation; JKN-KIS Cadre; the informal sector
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Kata kunci : implementasi kebijakan; Kader JKN-KIS; sektor informal
The JKN-KIS Cadre Program was established to increase membership growth and increase the collation of BPJS Health contribution to informal segment participants. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre program in Bekasi City. This research uses a qualitative method, conducted during May 2018 with in-depth interview technique, observation and document review using Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation theory. Test validity through a source and method triangulation. The result of the research shows that the implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre program in Bekasi City has not run optimally yet. There are already standards and targets are determined to see the performance, but its achievement is not maximized and the target of the function of the cadre is not yet complete. Recording systems, application technology systems, and information dissemination are still constrained. Consistency, clarity in communications and implementation of guidelines has not been maximized. Relationship with the village has not been established well, Kader JKN-KIS Human Resources and Branch Offices are still limited. The attitude of the implementers is not supportive and the economic, social and political environment has not fully supported the implementation of the KKD-KIS Cadre program. Conclusion: The implementation of JKN-KIS Cadre Program in Bekasi City still has obstacles. The need for improvement of standards and targets, information systems, communication, human resources, socialization, cooperation relationship for successful implementation of JKNKIS cadre program.
Keywords: policy implementation; JKN-KIS Cadre; the informal sector
T-5291
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nabilah Noviyanti Putri; Pembimbing: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari; Penguji: Purnawan Junadi, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
Abstrak:
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Pelayanan Rawat Jalan Tingkat Pertama (RJTP) memiliki peran strategis dalam pengelolaan diabetes melitus pada peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keteraturan kunjungan RJTP serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada peserta JKN penderita diabetes melitus di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dan memanfaatkan data sekunder sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2024, melibatkan 10.834 peserta diabetes melitus tipe 1 dan tipe 2. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kunjungan RJTP sebesar 9,54 kali per tahun, namun sebagian besar peserta masih tergolong tidak rutin. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara utilisasi RJTP dengan usia, jenis kelamin, segmentasi kepesertaan, jenis FKTP, wilayah tempat tinggal, dan jenis diabetes melitus. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan keteraturan kunjungan pelayanan primer dan perlunya penguatan peran FKTP dalam pengelolaan diabetes melitus untuk meningkatkan keteraturan kunjungan dan efisiensi pembiayaan JKN.
Primary Outpatient Services (RJTP) play a strategic role in the management of diabetes mellitus in National Health Insurance (JKN) participants. This study aims to analyze the regularity of RJTP visits and the factors influencing it in JKN participants with diabetes mellitus in Central Java Province. The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach and utilized secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample, involving 10,834 participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses using the chi-square test. The results showed that the average RJTP visit was 9.54 times per year, but most participants were still classified as irregular. There was a significant relationship between RJTP utilization and age, gender, participant segmentation, type of FKTP, area of residence, and type of diabetes mellitus. These findings indicate an imbalance in the regularity of primary care visits and the need to strengthen the role of FKTP in diabetes mellitus management to improve visit regularity and JKN financing efficiency.
S-12212
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Faradina Anastasia; Pembimbing: Suprijadi Rijanto; Penguji: Masyitoih, Dasir
Abstrak:
Skripsi ini membahas mekanisme pendaftaran pasien dengan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di instalasi rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Pondok Kopi 2014. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan cara observasi, telaah dokumen, dan wawanncara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelayananan JKN masih belum optimal yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor input,diantaranya yaitu ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, penerapan kuota, dan pelaksanaan sistem perjanjian yang masih perlu diperbaiki serta terdapat faktorfaktor lain yang penulis temukan pada saat penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyarankan rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan jumlah tenaga dokter dan kuota serta menyempurnakan sistem perjanjian sehingga seluruh pasien JKN dapat dilayani dengan baik.
Kata kunci: Pendaftaran, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Rawat Jalan
This thesis discusses the mechanisms of patient registration with Jaminan Kesehatan Nasionnal (JKN) in the outpatient installation Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Pondok Kopi 2014. This is a descriptive qualitative study conducted by observation, document review, and deep interview. The results showed that pelayananan JKN still not optimal due to several input factors, among which the availability of human resources, the implementation of quotas, and the implementation of the appointment system that still need to be improved and there are other factors that I have found at the time of the study. Based on these results, the researchers suggest hospitals to increase the number of doctors and quotas as well as perfecting the system so that all patients with JKN can be served well.
Keywords: Registration, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Outpatient
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Kata kunci: Pendaftaran, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Rawat Jalan
This thesis discusses the mechanisms of patient registration with Jaminan Kesehatan Nasionnal (JKN) in the outpatient installation Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Pondok Kopi 2014. This is a descriptive qualitative study conducted by observation, document review, and deep interview. The results showed that pelayananan JKN still not optimal due to several input factors, among which the availability of human resources, the implementation of quotas, and the implementation of the appointment system that still need to be improved and there are other factors that I have found at the time of the study. Based on these results, the researchers suggest hospitals to increase the number of doctors and quotas as well as perfecting the system so that all patients with JKN can be served well.
Keywords: Registration, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Outpatient
S-8613
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Wawan Erawan; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Pemguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Zulaiha
Abstrak:
1 Januari 2014 Pemerintah mulai menerapkan program JKN bagi seluruh rakyat.Skripsi ini bertujuan mengetahui proporsi peserta, kunjungan, pengguna, ContactRate dan Visite Rate peserta JKN berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, dan jenis peserta,serta hubungan antara variabel jenis kelamin, umur, dan jenis peserta dengan variabelutilisasi rawat jalan . Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desaincross sectional, mengolah data sekunder register kunjungan pasien JKN dan peserta JKN. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, peserta JKN di Puskesmas Cipageran padaApril 2014 adalah 12.728 orang, peserta yang memanfaatkan pelayanan rawat jalan(5,7%), Contact Rate berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan lebih besar (6,9%)daripada laki-laki (4,6%), berdasarkan kelompok umur tertinggi kelompok umur ≥60 tahun (12,2%), berdasarkan jenis peserta JKN, BPBI lebih besar (6,5%) daripadaPBI (5,4%). Visite Rate berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan lebih besar (10,4%)daripada laki-laki (4,4%), berdasarkan kelompok umur tertinggi kelompok umur ≥60 tahun (15,0%), berdasarkan jenis peserta JKN, PBI lebih besar (7,8%) daripadaBPBI (7,0%). Hasil uji hubungan variabel jenis kelamin, umur dan jenis peserta JKNdengan utilisasi rawat jalan, diperoleh nilai p untuk setiap variabel bebas ≤ α (0,05).Dengan demikian hasil bermakna, artinya ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin, umurdan jenis peserta JKN dengan utilisasi pelayanan rawat jalan.
Kata Kunci :Rawat Jalan, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Utilisasi
1 January 2014 the Government began to implement National Health Insuranceprogram for all people. The thesis aims to find out the proportion of participants,visit, Contact Rate, users, and Visite Rate based on gender, age, and type ofparticipants NHI, and the relationship between the variables of gender, age, and typeof participants with outpatient utilization variable. Research using quantitativeapproach design with cross sectional, secondary data processing register visit NHIpatients and participants NHI. The results are obtained, participants NHI in April2014 is 12.728 people, utilization rate (5.7%). Contact Rate by sex, more women(6.9%) than men (4.6%), based on the highest age group ≥ 60 years age group(12.2%), based on the type of participant , more BPBI (6.5%) than the PBI (5.4%).Visite Rate based on gender, women's greater (10.4%) than men (4.4%), based on thehighest age group ≥ 60 years age group (15.0%), based on the type of participant, PBIgreater (7.8%) than BPBI (7.0%). Test results variable relationship sex, age and typeof participants with outpatient utilization, p values obtained for each independentvariable is ≤ α (0.05). Thus significant results, the meaning there is a relationshipbetween gender, age and type of participants NHI with outpatient care utilization.
Key words:Outpatient, National Health Insurance (NHI), Utilization
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Kata Kunci :Rawat Jalan, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Utilisasi
1 January 2014 the Government began to implement National Health Insuranceprogram for all people. The thesis aims to find out the proportion of participants,visit, Contact Rate, users, and Visite Rate based on gender, age, and type ofparticipants NHI, and the relationship between the variables of gender, age, and typeof participants with outpatient utilization variable. Research using quantitativeapproach design with cross sectional, secondary data processing register visit NHIpatients and participants NHI. The results are obtained, participants NHI in April2014 is 12.728 people, utilization rate (5.7%). Contact Rate by sex, more women(6.9%) than men (4.6%), based on the highest age group ≥ 60 years age group(12.2%), based on the type of participant , more BPBI (6.5%) than the PBI (5.4%).Visite Rate based on gender, women's greater (10.4%) than men (4.4%), based on thehighest age group ≥ 60 years age group (15.0%), based on the type of participant, PBIgreater (7.8%) than BPBI (7.0%). Test results variable relationship sex, age and typeof participants with outpatient utilization, p values obtained for each independentvariable is ≤ α (0.05). Thus significant results, the meaning there is a relationshipbetween gender, age and type of participants NHI with outpatient care utilization.
Key words:Outpatient, National Health Insurance (NHI), Utilization
S-8359
Depok : FKM UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Amilia Wulandhani; Pembimbing: Anhari Achadi; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, Pujiyanto, Lina Marlina, Donni Hendrawan
Abstrak:
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Ageing population merupakan permasalahan bagi sistem kesehatan di berbagai negara. Lansia merupakan kelompok rentan yang berisiko tinggi menderita penyakit tidak menular kronis, multimorbiditas, serta disabilitas. FKTP menjadi akses pelayanan kesehatan terdekat lansia berkaitan dengan sistem berjenjang dalam skema JKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan rawat jalan tingkat pertama pada lansia peserta JKN tahun 2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan data sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2023. Pemanfaatan pelayanan RJTP pada lansia peserta JKN tahun 2022 adalah 43,35%. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kelompok usia, jenis kelamin, hubungan keluarga, segmen peserta, wilayah tempat tinggal, riwayat penyakit kronis, jenis FKTP, dan kepemilikan FKTP dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan RJTP pada lansia. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan RJTP pada lansia adalah riwayat penyakit kronis dimana lansia dengan riwayat penyakit kronis berpeluang lebih besar (AOR 41,84; 95% CI 37,35-46,87; p value 0,000) memanfaatkan pelayanan RJTP dibandingkan lansia tanpa riwayat penyakit kronis. Diperlukan kerja sama antara Kementerian Kesehatan, BPJS Kesehatan, dan pemerintah daerah untuk mengoptimalkan program pelayanan kesehatan lansia seperti ILP, Prolanis, serta mengedukasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan pelayanan RJTP pada lansia.
The ageing population is a problem for the health system across countries. The elderly are a vulnerable population with higher risk of chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and disability. Primary care facilities (FKTP) are the closest access to health services for elderly related to the tiered system in JKN scheme. This study aims to determine factors associated with the utilization of primary outpatient services (RJTP) among elderly JKN participants in 2022. This is a cross-sectional study using BPJS Kesehatan sample data in 2023. This study found RJTP utilization among elderly JKN participants in 2022 was 43,35%. There is a significant relationship between age group, gender, family relationship, participant segment, area of residence, chronic condition, type of FKTP, and ownership of FKTP with the utilization of RJTP. The most dominant factor related to the utilization of RJTP is chronic conditions, where elderly with a chronic disease have a greater chance (AOR 41,84; 95% CI 37,35–46,87; p value 0.000) of utilizing RJTP compared to elderly without a chronic disease. Collaboration is needed between Kementerian Kesehatan, BPJS Kesehatan, and local government to optimize elderly health service programs such as ILP, Prolanis, and educate people to increase RJTP utilization for the elderly.
T-7056
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Muhammad Arzumar Afzaal Ghiffari; Pembimbing: Zakianis; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
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Diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang masih menjadi beban kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Meskipun prevalensinya menurun menjadi 2% pada tahun 2023, jumlah kunjungan peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) ke Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) akibat diare tetap tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor kesehatan lingkungan dan faktor sosial demografi terhadap kunjungan peserta JKN akibat diare ke FKTP metode kapitasi. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis regresi logistik multilevel. Data berasal dari 2.425.370 peserta JKN dan 392 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia tahun 2023 yang memiliki data lingkungan lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin (laki-laki) (1,21; 1,03-1,43), usia (balita) (1,59; 1,19-2,12), kelas rawat (kelas 3) (0,83; 0,68-1) dan segmentasi peserta (Penerima Bantuan Iuran) (0,74; 0,61-0,9) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap frekuensi kunjungan. Selain itu, timbulan sampah (tinggi) (1,23; 1,04-1,45) dan jenis sumber air minum (0,82; 0,68-0,99) juga berpengaruh terhadap kunjungan berulang. Faktor lingkungan lain seperti jenis sumber air minum tidak signifikan secara statistik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor individu lebih berperan dibandingkan faktor lingkungan dalam memengaruhi kunjungan peserta JKN akibat diare. Hasil ini dapat menjadi masukan untuk penguatan kebijakan sanitasi dan pelayanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia.
Diarrhea remains a significant public health burden in Indonesia. Although its prevalence decreased to 2% in 2023, the number of visits by National Health Insurance (JKN) participants to Primary Healthcare Facilities (FKTP) due to diarrhea remains high. This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental health factors and sociodemographic factors with JKN participants’ visits to FKTP under the capitation scheme. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Data were obtained from 2,425,370 JKN participants across 392 districts/cities in Indonesia in 2023 with complete environmental data. The results showed that sex (male) (1.21; 1.03–1.43), age (under-five children) (1.59; 1.19–2.12), treatment class (class 3) (0.83; 0.68–1), and participant segmentation (Subsidized Beneficiaries) (0.74; 0.61–0.9) had a significant influence on visit frequency. In addition, high waste generation (1.23; 1.04–1.45) and type of drinking water source (0.82; 0.68–0.99) were also associated with repeat visits. Other environmental factors, such as the type of drinking water source, were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that individual factors play a greater role than environmental factors in influencing JKN participants’ visits due to diarrhea. These findings may serve as input for strengthening sanitation policies and primary healthcare services in Indonesia.
S-11986
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Wiji Wahyuningsih; Pembimbing: Iwan Ariawan; Penguji: Rico Kurniawan, Sabarinah, Pandu Riono; Hafizah Jusril
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Meskipun Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah berjalan satu dekade, kesenjangan angka kematian ibu antara Indonesia Timur dan Barat masih mencolok. Studi ini mengetahui dampak JKN sebagai intervensi finansial dalam mendorong pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal. Analisis ini menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 mencakup 16.354 perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan dalam dua tahun terakhir. Dampak kepesertaan JKN dianalisis terhadap empat komponen layanan yaitu: (a) kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) minimal 4 kali, (b) persalinan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, (c) kunjungan nifas pertama (KF1), dan (d) kontinum perawatan. Melalui metode Propensity Score Matching, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepesertaan JKN secara signifikan meningkatkan seluruh komponen layanan tersebut. Dampak terbesar terdapat pada persalinan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (9,6 poin persentase, 95% CI=8,0-11,2); diikuti kontinum perawatan (7,2 pp, 95% CI=5,1-9,4); ANC4+ (4,8 pp, 95% CI=2,7-6,9); dan KF1 (4,7 pp, 95% CI=3,0-6,4). Besaran dampak lebih besar pada kelompok miskin dan mereka yang tinggal di Regional 5, seperti Indonesia Timur dan Sulawesi. Perluasan cakupan asuransi kesehatan berhubungan dengan berkurangnya kesenjangan sosiodemografis dalam pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal di Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, disparitas yang signifikan dalam pemanfaatan layanan masih bertahan antar regional dan kelompok ekonomi.
Despite a decade of implementation, Indonesia's National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional – JKN) program has not resolved the profound regional inequity in maternal mortality ratios between the country's Eastern and Western regions. This study investigates whether this financial intervention has effectively improved the utilization of essential maternal health services. We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia – SKI). The sample included 16,354 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had birth in the preceding two years. The impact of JKN enrollment on key maternal health service indicators was assessed using Propensity Score Matching to control for observable confounders. Outcome measures included: (1) ≥4 antenatal care (ANC) visits, (2) skilled birth attendance at a health facility, (3) receipt of a first postnatal care (PNC) check within the critical period, and (4) completion of the full continuum of care (CoC). The greatest effect was observed for facility-based delivery (9.6 percentage points, 95% CI=8.0-11.2), followed by complete continuum of care (7.2 pp, 95% CI=5.1-9.4), ≥4 ANC visits (4.8 pp, 95% CI=2.7-6.9), and the first postnatal visit (4.7 pp, 95% CI = 3.0-6.4). Effect sizes were larger among the poor and those residing in Regional 5, such as Eastern Indonesia and Sulawesi. Expansion of health insurance coverage was associated with reductions in sociodemographic inequalities in maternal health service utilization in Indonesia. However, significant disparities in utilization persist across regions and by economic group.
T-7481
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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