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Bogor District is still a contributor to the highest maternal mortality in West Java. According to the profile of Bogor District Health Department, 2018 Jasinga Sub District is an area that contributes to the highest number of maternal mortality while the lowest Kemang Sub District. Posyandu is an important tool in the community to support the government's efforts to reduce maternal and newborn mortality rates. The success of the posyandu is influenced by the performance of the cadres in carrying out their roles and functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the performance of posyandu cadres in monitoring pregnant women in Jasinga Health Center and Kemang Health Center in Bogor Regency in 2020. This research uses quantitative analytic with cross sectional approach. The population is all cadres in the Jasinga Health Center and the Kemang Health Center. A sample of 157 respondents consisted of 80 respondents from Jasinga Community Health Center cadres and 77 respondents from Kemang Health Center cadres who were taken using purposive sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection tool in this study is an online questionnaire using Google Form. Analysis of the data used is univariate, bivariate using chie square and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the performance of Posyandu cadres in monitoring the health of expectant mothers is 59.2% good category, where the cadre performance in Puskesmas Kemang has higher score than Jasinga Puskesmas cadres (54.9% versus 45.1%). Bivariate analysis shows that knowledge, training, last training time, supervision, motivation, and attitude of cadres have significant effect on the performance of Posyandu cadres in monitoring the health of pregnant women. Multivariate analysis showed that training variables are the most dominant variables affecting cadre performance in monitoring the health of pregnant women with the value P = 0,000 and OR = 8.37. Researchers suggest that the Puskesmas continue to conduct training and supervision routinely, periodically and thoroughly. Need to strengthen cross-sectoral coordination, especially with village officials related to increasing human resources. In addition to further motivating cadres to work, recognition and appreciation must be given, for example in the form of cadre certificates
Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan mental kronis yang menimbulkan beban signifikan terhadap sistem pembiayaan kesehatan, terutama dalam program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Penyakit ini memerlukan perawatan jangka panjang dan rawan kekambuhan, sehingga berkontribusi terhadap tingginya angka kunjungan dan pembiayaan di fasilitas kesehatan, khususnya pada layanan rujukan. Tujuan: Mengetahui besarnya biaya pelayanan kesehatan peserta JKN dengan skizofrenia dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya tersebut. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2024. Sampel terdiri dari 1.597 peserta aktif JKN dengan diagnosis skizofrenia selama satu tahun. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil: Total biaya pelayanan mencapai Rp16.896.391.354. Rata-rata biaya rawat jalan Rp314.929 dan rawat inap Rp5.050.107. Biaya signifikan dipengaruhi oleh usia, hubungan keluarga, kelas hak rawat, segmentasi peserta, wilayah kepesertaan, jenis dan kepemilikan FKTP/FKRTL, kunjungan ke FKTP, dan tipe FKRTL. Kesimpulan: Skizofrenia memberikan beban biaya tinggi pada JKN. Diperlukan pembiayaan berbasis kebutuhan serta penguatan layanan jiwa di tingkat primer dan komunitas untuk efisiensi sistem.
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that poses a significant burden on the healthcare financing system, particularly within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) program. The condition requires longterm care and is prone to relapse, contributing to high healthcare utilization and costs, especially at referral level facilities. Objective: To determine the total healthcare costs for JKN participants diagnosed with schizophrenia and to identify factors associated with those costs. Methods: This quantitative study employed a crosssectional design using secondary data from BPJS Kesehatan (Indonesia’s Social Health Insurance) for the year 2024. The sample consisted of 1.597 active JKN participants diagnosed with schizophrenia over a 12 month period. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques in SPSS version 25. Results: The total healthcare cost amounted to IDR 16.896.391.354. The average outpatient cost was IDR 314.929, while the average inpatient cost was IDR 5.050.107. Factors significantly associated with higher costs included age, family relationship status, treatment class, participant segmentation, region of enrollment, type and ownership of primary and referral healthcare facilities (FKTP/FKRTL), number of visits to primary care, and type of referral facility. Conclusion: Schizophrenia places a substantial financial burden on the JKN system. A need-based financing approach and strengthened mental health services at the primary and community levels are essential to improving efficiency and sustainability.
