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ABSTRAK Nama : MOCHAMAD FEBIYANTO Program Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Judul : Analisis Profil Persepsi Risiko Supir (operator) Truk Angkut Batubara di PT X Tahun 2017 Sebagian besar kecelakaan di jalan angkut batubara perusahaan pertambangan PT X pada tahun 2016 melibatkan supir (operator) truk angkut batubara yang penyebab utamanya adalah tindakan tidak aman dari supir. Tindakan tidak aman ini dipengaruhi oleh persepsi risiko yang dimiliki oleh supir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis dan melihat profil persepsi risiko supir (operator) truk angkut batubara terhadap faktor penyebab kecelakaan di PT X tahun 2017. Pengukuran profil persepsi risiko menggunakan 6 dimensi psikometri, yaitu kesukarelaan terhadap risiko, kesegeraan akibat, pengetahuan tentang risiko, pengendalian risiko, ketakutan, dan keparahan akibat. Data dikumpulkan dari 121 partisipan yang berasal dari 6 perusahaan jasa pertambangan kontraktor PT X yang melakukan kegiatan pengangkutan batubara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan supir (operator) truk angkut batubara di PT X memiliki persepsi risiko yang baik pada 5 dimensi dari 6 dimensi psikometri yang diukur, sehingga secara umum profil persepsi risiko supir adalah baik. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan usia memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna pada nilai rata-rata persepsi risiko dimensi pengetahuan tentang risiko, ketakutan, dan keparahan akibat. Sedangkan lama masa kerja dan asal perusahaan tidak memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna pada nilai rata-rata persepsi risiko. Kata kunci: Persepsi risiko; psikometri; pertambangan; supir truk
ABSTRACT Name : MOCHAMAD FEBIYANTO Study Program : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Title : Risk Perception Analysis of Coal Haul Truck Drivers at PT X Year 2017 Most of the accidents on PT X's coal haul roads in 2016 involve coal haul truck drivers whose main cause is the unsafe act of the drivers. This unsafe act is influenced by the risk perception that the driver has. This study aims to analyze and see the profile of the risk perception of coal haul truck drivers to the factors that cause accidents in PT X year 2017. Measurement of risk perception profile using 6 dimensions of psychometric, namely voluntariness of risk, immediacy of effect, knowledge about risk, control over risk, common-dread, and severity of consequences. Data were collected from 121 participants from 6 mining service contractors PT X who conducted coal hauling activities. The results of this study indicate that the coal hauling truck drivers in PT X has a good risk perception on the 5 dimensions of the six dimensions of the measured psychometry, so that in general the risk perception profile of the driver is good. The study also showed age to have significant differences in the risk perception’s mean value of knowledge about risk, common-dread, and severity of consequences. While the work experience and the origin of the company does not provide a meaningful difference in the mean value of risk perception. Keyword: risk perception; psychometric paradigm; mining; truck drivers
Setiap kasus insiden dipicu berbagai faktor penyebab dasar dan penyebab langsung berupa faktor pekerjaan dan faktor pribadi. Mengacu pada teori Heinrich bahwa faktor pribadi adalah 80% penyebab dasar terjadinya insiden, maka faktor pribadi pekerja harus dikelola serius, antara Iain melalui pelatihan K3 yang tepat guna dan tepat sasaran. Untuk mendapatkan gambaran pelatihan K3 yang tepat guna dan tepat sasaran, tesis ini membahas bagaimana melakukan sebuah analisis kebutuhan pelatihan K3 bagi operator dan mekanik di PT. X, sebuah perusahaan pertambangan batubara terbuka. Kasus insiden tertinggi perusahaan ini menimpa operator alat berat dan mekanik. Populasi kedua jabatan ini paling tinggi dibanding jabatan lainnya dengan faktor risiko K3 yang juga paling tinggi. Mayoritas penyebab dasar insiden yang terjadi adalah faktor pribadi yang terkait dengan kurang pengetahun, stres psikologis. dan perilaku. Proses zmalisis kebutuhan pelatihan yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah: analisis organisasi, yaitu untuk mengambarkan dukungan organisasi atas penyelenggaraan pelatihan; analisis tugas, yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran jenis pelatihan yang dibutuhkan berdasarkan tugas yang dilakukan dan faktor risiko kerjanya; dan analisis personal, yaitu untuk rnendapatkan gambaran kompetensi jabatan yang dimiliiki pekerja. Selanjutnya dilakukan kategorisasi pelatihan K3 berdasarkan tujuan pelatihan. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuannya adalah untuk dapat lebih mengeksplorasi faktor risiko yang dihadapi operator dan mekanik, dan mengeksplorasi jenis pelatihan K3 yang dibutuhkan kedua jabatan temebut melalui diskusi dengan level manajemen kedua jabatan tensebut dan manajemen yang mengclola pengembangan sumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan. Diskusi yang dilakul-ran borpegang pada ceklis pelatihan yang telah disiapkan peneliti, tujuarmya adalah sebagai pedornan yang mernpennudah proses diskusi. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini dapat menggambarkan bahwa manajemen PT. X mendulcung penuh pelaksanaan pelatihan, menggambarkan jonis pelatihan yang dibutuhkan, mengetahui bahwa data kornpetensi pckerja belum dimiliki, dan dapat menghasilkan matrik pelatihan K3 bagi operator dan mckanik berdasar faktor risiko kerja yang disusun berdasarkan tujuan pelatihan. Dengan data-data yang ada dalam tesis ini, PT. X diharapkan mempertahankan hal-hal positif yang telah dimiliki dan meningkatkan dokumentasi kompetensi pekerja per individu sehingga program pengembangan per individu Iebih mudah dilaksanakan. Disamping itu, analisis kebutuhan pelatihan K3 dan pelatihan lainnya disarankan untuk dikaji ulang secara berkesinambungan.
Every analysis on any incident is triggered by various factors, either basic causes or direct causes, including occupational and personal ones. According to Heinrich, personal factors contribute 80% of basic causes of incidents. Hence, personal factors of employees should be genuinely managed by, among outliers, providing ejective and ejicient training on occupational health and safety. In order to provide a description on an ejective and ejicient training on occupational health and salty, this thesis will discuss how to analyze requirements of occupational health and safety training for operators and mechanics in PT X an open coal mining company. Most incidents in the company are related to heavy-duty operators and mechanics. Besides having the highest risk in term of occupational health and safety, the two are the most populated positions. The majority of incidents happened because of personal factors, e.g. lack of knowledge, psychological stress, and unsafe behavior. The processes involved in the analysis on training requirements include: organizational analytsis, i.e. describing organizational support for training; task analysis, i.e. desiring types of required training based on tasks performed and their occupational risks; and personal analysis, i.e. describing occupational competency acquired by the workers. Then, classification on occupational health and safety training based on training objectives will follow. This study tales a qualitative approach. The objective is to allow greater exploration on risk factors facing the operators and mechanics, and to explore types of occupational health and safety training needed by the two positions through discussion with management-level personnel of the two positions and the management staffs' responsible fur human resource development. The discussion rowers to the training checklist prepared by researcher, providing guidelines for the discussion. Eventually, this study can illustrate how the management ofP1'f X has been fully supportive to the training, describe the types of training required, show that data on employees competency are not yet available, and generate occupational health and safety training matrix operators and mechanics based on the occupational risk factors as listed in training objectives. It is expected that the data provided in the thesis will allow PII X to maintain positives already found in the company and to improve documentation on competency of each individual employee, which will make programs on individual development better executed. Also. it is recommended that the analysis on occupational health and safety training requirements is continuously revisited.
Fatigue measurement was performed as baseline to see fatigue profile on drivers at an expedition service company. A total of 52 drivers were measured for 10 minutes using Psychomotor Vigilance Task-192 (PVT-192). From the mean reaction time, respondents had normal and significant fatigue profiles of 0.046 on the driving distance with the negative pattern. There was one fatigue driver and 18 sleepiness drivers after dropping off the load. Promotion and preventive activities need periodically (education and medical checks up). Curative and rehabilitative programs for drivers had fatigue. Key words: Fatigue, KSS, PVT-192, Sleepiness, Driver, Truck.
Fatigue is the major cause of accident involving heavy vehicle drivers, one of them is truck drivers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify fatigue hazard and analyze fatigue risk level, so that the appropriate control can be determined. Variables studied include length of work, work shift, work environment, workload, rest time, physical condition, sleep quantity, sleep disturbance, and stress. Identification of fatigue hazard and analysis of fatigue risk level conducted to each variable. Identification of fatigue hazard was conducted by observation and interview with the drivers and the operator. Analysis of fatigue risk level was conducted by qualitative method and calculated with crossing consequences level and likelihood level.
Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi operator yang mengalami fatigue ringan 80,4% dan fatigue sedang sebanyak 19,6%. Variabel lama jam kerja, kondisi fisik/kesehatan, waktu tidur dan shift kerja merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian fatigue pada analisis bivariat sedangkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada kejadian fatigue adalah variabel shift kerja dimana shift kerja merupakan satu-satunya variabel yang berhubungan dengan fatigue pada analisis multivariat. Responden yang bekerja shift malam mempunyai peluang 11,046 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang bekerja shift siang.
Kata kunci : fatigue, shift kerja, kondisi fisik/kesehatan, jam kerja, waktu tidur
Fatigue is the one problem faced by company related to occupational health and safety issues, mainly in company which applies shift work system. The porpuse of the research is to figure out of fatigue prevalence in geothermal power plant operator and risk factors related to fatigue that make its occurence. The design of this study uses cross sectional method, where the datas collect by using questionnarie of international fatigue research committee (IFRC), field observation, operational data and direct measurement. There are many factors which are associated with fatigue. But in this study, there are 11 variables that is taken. They are: age, body mass index, monotonous, working hours, sleep hours, physical/health condition, shift work, work load, lighthing, temperature and noise.
The result of study shows the prevalence of operator that is light fatigue 80,4% and medium fatigue 19,6%. The variable independent which is related to fatigue are working hours, physical/health condition, sleep hours and shift work (the result from analysis bivariate). In multivariate analysis the variable that is significant influencing of fatigue occurence is shift work with the odd ratio 11,04. It means the workers who work on night shift has opportunity to being fatigue 11,045 times compare to workers who work on day shift.
Key Word : fatigue, shift work, working hours, physical/health condition, sleep hours.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational health risks of workersexposed to TSP, PM10, PM2, 5, Cd, Si, As, and Pb that were carried out onmeasurements in outdoor, indoor, and personal respirable port location andcompare it to the non-port. This research is a descriptive analytic cross-sectionalresearch design. Based on this research, the results are risk characteristics (RQ)outdoor TSP and PM10 dust is less than 1, while PM2,5 located at Hopper 4 ismore than 1. For indoor dust RQ PM2,5 located at Hopper 6 and barging morethan 1, while on the non-port RQ is less than 1. For personal respirable RQ locatedat Hopper 6 and genset are more than 1, while in the non port is less than 1. Fornon-carcinogenic elements Cd, As and Pb RQ are less than 1, while thecarcinogenic element As and Cd, value of ECR is less than E-4 and for Silica valueof ECR is more than E-4.Key Word:TSP, PM10, PM2,5, Cd, Si, As, dan Pb, carcinogenic, non- carsinogenic, riskanalysis, risk characterization
