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ABSTRACT Name : Anni Farida Ritonga Study Program : Magister of Hospital Administration Title : Analysis Of Door To Balloon Time On Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Lean Six Sigma Approach In Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, 2017 Counsellor : Prof. dr Amal C. Sjaaf, SKM, Dr.PH Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSCM) has been providing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) services since 2010 with a guideline in 2017 from the European Society of Cardiology (2012) which provides a door to balloon ≤90 minutes for PCI Primary Action in STEMI patients with an onset of ≤ 12 hours. To meet the target, Emergency Installation (IGD) and Integrated Heart Service Unit (PJT) have been working together to improve the Primary PCI service process since early 2017 with the achievement of door to balloon time from January to August 2017 is 203.5 minutes. This research is to know the guidance of service, service line, identify activity which do not give added value (waste), root of problem of door to balloon time length and suggestion of service improvement of Primary PCI. This research design is qualitative analysis with observation method, document review, and depth interview at IGD and PJT with DMAI reference frame (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve). The result of the research shows that SPO and PPK related to Primary PCI service is not yet available, Clinical Pathway Integrated has not been established, September - December 2017 got door to balloon time with median 182 minutes, but can not be made Value Stream Maping (VSM) because data in medical record incomplete. The result of observation from February to April 2018 was achieved by door to balloon time with median 126 minutes with lead time 270,5 minutes, cycle time 209,8 minutes, waiting time 60,7 minutes with value added 41,7% and non value added 58, 3%. This study concludes that the flow of STEMI patient service process with Primary PCI action is still classified un-lean and Six Sigma calculation is at sigma level 2 which enables 308,538 Primary PCI actions beyond the door to balloon time ≤ 90 minutes from 1 million occasions. There are 40 waste and 10 variants throughout the service process, where the most waste is in waiting, extra processing and confusion. Fishbone analysis results obtained man factor and method is the most dominant cause of delay in patient service STEMI with Primary PCI action. It takes commitment from hospital management and support from all team involved in Primary PCI service to make continuous improvement with SPO and KDP as service guidance, hospital management make good system for Primary PCI service can be done 24 hours, reduce documentation medical records at ER, ECG machine replacement, shortening of patient transfer path, immediately using Clinical Pathway Integrated Primary PCI and evaluating service quality that is mortality and LOS. Keywords: Door to balloon time; Lean Six Sigma; Primary PCI
Latar Belakang: Kepadatan (overcrowding) di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan isu global yang berdampak negatif terhadap keselamatan pasien dan kualitas pelayanan. Length of Stay (LOS) atau lama rawat, dengan target ≤4 jam, menjadi indikator kinerja kunci di banyak negara untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Di Indonesia, Kementerian Kesehatan menetapkan target pencapaian LOS ≤4 jam sebesar ≥90% untuk rumah sakit vertikal. Namun, capaian di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) masih sangat rendah, yakni 18% pada triwulan keempat tahun 2023. Sebagai solusi, RSCM mengimplementasikan Ruang Rawat Emergensi (RRE), sebuah unit observasi, untuk memperbaiki alur pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan RRE terhadap pencapaian target LOS ≤4 jam di IGD RSCM.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif kausal-komparatif. Data sekunder dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis elektronik seluruh pasien IGD RSCM. Analisis membandingkan periode sebelum implementasi RRE (1 Januari s.d. 31 Desember 2023) dengan periode setelah implementasi (1 Januari s.d. 31 Desember 2024). Uji statistik yang digunakan meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat (Uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-Square) untuk menguji perbedaan antar kelompok.
Hasil: Setelah implementasi RRE, terjadi penurunan signifikan pada median LOS pasien IGD secara keseluruhan, dari 16,36 jam pada tahun 2023 menjadi 8,01 jam pada tahun 2024. Proporsi pasien yang memenuhi target LOS ≤4 jam meningkat dari 17,66% menjadi 26,71%. Pasien zona kuning yang diputuskan rawat di RRE memiliki median LOS IGD yang secara signifikan lebih singkat (6,42 jam) dibandingkan dengan yang dirawat di ruang non-RRE (11,62 jam). Keputusan rawat oleh DPJP Emergensi menunjukkan peluang 1,86 kali lebih tinggi untuk mencapai target LOS ≤4 jam dibandingkan DPJP non-emergensi. Secara finansial, RRE memberikan keuntungan pada kelompok pasien yang dapat dipulangkan.
Kesimpulan: Penerapan RRE terbukti secara signifikan dapat mempersingkat median LOS pasien di IGD dan meningkatkan proporsi pencapaian target LOS ≤4 jam. Meskipun demikian, capaian tersebut masih jauh di bawah target nasional ≥90%. RRE merupakan strategi yang efektif untuk mengurangi dampak kepadatan IGD dan berpotensi memberikan keuntungan finansial. Peran DPJP Emergensi dalam pengambilan keputusan disposisi pasien sangat krusial untuk optimalisasi alur pelayanan
Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) memegang peranan penting dalam penanganan awal trauma berat untuk mencegah kematian maupun kecacatan. IGD Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) telah menerapkan sistem “Cipto Code Trauma” sejak 2019 untuk menjamin waktu tanggap trauma berat < 5 menit, meski capaiannya belum memenuhi target. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang menjadi determinan waktu tanggap trauma berat di IGD RSCM, yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk perbaikan sistem. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif terhadap pasien trauma berat yang berkunjung ke IGD RSCM tahun 2023-2024. Analisis dilakukan terhadap faktor pasien, struktur, dan proses layanan. Dari 124 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, karakteristik pasien terbanyak yaitu usia dewasa, laki-laki, dengan mekanisme kecelakaan lalu lintas, dan memiliki lebih dari 1 jenis cedera. Pasien umumnya datang tanpa Ambulans dan tanpa komunikasi pra-RS. Tanda vital saat datang sebagian besar normal. Pasien terbanyak datang pada malam hari, saat kondisi IGD padat, dengan jumlah tenaga di IGD mencukupi. Hanya 51,6 % pasien menggunakan jaminan. Rerata waktu tanggap trauma berat yaitu 12 menit 42 detik. Didapatkan bahwa faktor usia pasien, transportasi menggunakan Ambulans, frekuensi nadi saat pasien datang, waktu shift pelayanan di IGD, dan jumlah tim yang bertugas berhubungan dengan waktu tanggap pasien trauma berat di IGD RSCM. Waktu tanggap trauma berat tidak berhubungan dengan luaran pasien yaitu kebutuhan perawatan intensif maupun kematian.
Emergency Room (ER) plays a significant role in the initial management of severe trauma to prevent morbidity or mortality. Since 2019, ER of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) have established “Cipto Code Trauma” system to ensure the response time of < 5 minutes, although the target has not yet been achieved. This study is performed to determine factors associated with response time for severe trauma in ER CMH, which could be beneficial for system improvement. This is a retrospective study on severe trauma patients admitted to ER CMH from 2023-2024. Analysis performed towards patient, structure, and process factors. Among the 124 samples fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, most patients are adults, men, due to traffic injury, and had more than 1 injury. Patients generally came without Ambulance nor prehospital communication. Vital signs were mostly normal. Patients mostly came on the night shift, during a crowded ER, and received by an adequate number of ER staff. Only 51,6 % of patients were covered with insurance. Mean response time was 12 minutes and 42 seconds. Patients’ age, Ambulance transportation, initial heart rate, time of service by shift, and number of personnel are associated with response time for severe trauma in ER CMH. Response time for severe trauma is not associated with the outcome of critical care requirement or mortality.
Waiting time is one indicator of health services. The increase in waiting time in the Emergency Department (ED) has an impact on longer treatment days, increased mortality and reduced patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of stay for services at the emergency department of the Tangerang General Hospital using lean method to determine waste at each stage of activity. This research method is operational research with qualitative and quantitative approaches, primary data sources taken from direct observation using time motion study techniques and in-depth interviews. The waiting time at the ER at the Tangerang Regency General Hospital is 852.92 minutes for inpatients and 564.24 minutes for outpatients. The length of time for each service is as follows: triage is 11.83 minutes, waiting time for an emergency room doctor examination is 32.25 minutes, drug administration time and action is 22.33 minutes, waiting time for laboratory examination is 106.07 minutes, waiting time for examination radiology 140.15 minutes, waiting time for specialist doctor consultation 146.54 minutes, waiting time for inpatient registration 164.8 minutes, waiting time for inpatient admission 58.5 minutes, patient administration time going home 89.6 minutes. The largest nonvalued added activity is waiting for specialist consultations. Found 2 types of waste, namely waiting (93.3%) and motion (6.7%). After conducting an analysis using the 5 why method, the root of the problem was found in the number of nurses, not yet maximally carrying out tupoksi, hospital information system applications that are less user friendly, specialist doctors are not standby and consultation SOPs are not optimally run, lack of clinical experience of doctors ER, as well as the unavailability of the ward. The conclusion, t the waiting time in the ER at the Tangerang General Hospital exceeds the standard time (4 hours). The lean approach is appropriate to look for waste in health service activities so that problem solving efforts can be obtained to improve service waiting times in the IGD RSU Tangerang Gneral Hospital
