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Kata kunci: waktu mulai operasi, metode lean thinking, six sigma, kegiatan value added, kegiatan non value added
The delayed time of starting an elective operation can cause delay to the next scheduled operation, decrease utilization of an operating room, increase risk of complaint from patients and operator doctors. This study was an action research study by observing to analyzing the current state of elective operating room process and value flow, in purpose to reduce the delayed starting time of elective operation and increasing the utilization of operating room using lean thinking and six sigma approach. The result of this study shows that the non value added activities of elective operation process is 62,92 % for patient who use insurance, 59,80% for the out of pocket patient, and 52,34 % for inpatient category. By the implementation of recommended solution for the operation process able to decrease the non value added activities to 34,62% for patient with insurance, 36,41% for out of pocket patient, and 14,50% for inpatient category.
Keyword: start time of operation, lean thinking and six sigma method, value added, non value added
Kata kunci : Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, Analisis ABC, EOQ, Safety Stock, ROP,pengendalian obat.
Pharmacy unit has important role to determine service quality in hospital. Forsupporting patients service, Ciawi Region Public Hospital used drugs based on nationalformulatorium which is contain 1.176 kind of drugs with investation value Rp.17.315.126.250,-. Ciawi Region Public Hospital already became National HealthCoverage provider since 2014 with 74,04% the Indonesian National HealthcareInsurance (BPJS) patients and getting increase everyday. The big investation andamount of drugs need to supervise for accurate drugs support and getting effectivity andeficiency. Consumption method which already used by Ciawi Region Public Hospital isnot fulfillt he drugs demand yet, still making drugs stock out and stock over.This is an analytic research to see the description of drugs need planning inCiawi Region Public Hospital, with qualitative and quantitative approach. This researchincluding deep interview, observation, document study and ABC method countinganalysis for drug using, ABC investation method anlysis and ABC critical index methodfrom Grup A (using) and Grup A (investation). The research also doing moving averageforecasting method for 4 months period for Grup A, critical indeks ABC analysis in2018 and counting amount of drugs order (EOQ), order frequency, Safety Stock (SS)and repeat order point (ROP).ABC method counting analysis for drug using showed that Grup C has 990items (84,18%) slow moving type. ABC critical index method from Grup A showed 45items with investation value Rp. 5.876.003.324,- and Grup B has 100 items withinvestation value Rp. 9.147.434.944,-. The Grup A and B investation cost is very highand need to plan and controll with EOQ, SS and ROP counting methods. EOQ willproduce smallest total cost that will give efficient result. Ciawi Region Public Hospitalis expected to make drugs supporting plan with quality controll and cost efficiency. Thehospital also expected for having drugs amount order counting, safety stock and repeatorder point.
Keywords : National Health Coverage, ABC Analysis, EOQ, Safety Stock, ROP, drugscontroll.
Latar Belakang : Waktu tunggu sering kali dijadikan indikator untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit oleh pasien. Salah satu aspek yang menjadi perhatian adalah waktu tunggu untuk pemulangan pasien. Data RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro tahun 2023 menunjukkan rata-rata waktu tunggu pasien adalah 87 menit dengan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara pasien dengan penjaminan pribadi (66 menit) dan penjaminan asuransi (121 menit). Data rata-rata waktu tunggu tersebut terhitung sejak dokter memberikan instruksi pulang hingga pasien melakukan billing akhir. Data tersebut belum terhitung hingga pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Standar pelayanan minimal waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu kurang dari 120 menit. Pencapaian waktu tunggu pasien yang keluar dalam waktu ≤ 2 jam tercatat sebesar 88%, meskipun masih belum memenuhi target korporat yang ditetapkan sebesar 100%.
Metode : Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain operational research yang mengintegrasikan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 38 pasien yang pulang setelah menjalani rawat inap. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada distribusi hari, jam kepulangan, dan jenis metode penjaminan yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma berhasil mengidentifikasi lead time pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro sebesar 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik dimana 69% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 3 jam 14 menit 23 detik. Akar masalah dari memanjangnya waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap berada di fase III pada kegiatan menunggu pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Penerapan lean six sigma dalam proses pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro berhasil mengurangi lead time sebesar 16%, dari 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik menjadi 4 jam 21 menit 25 detik. Pengurangan lead time ini diikuti dengan penurunan waste di seluruh tahapan pemulangan pasien, dengan penurunan waste terbesar terjadi pada fase I, yaitu sebesar 44%, dari 1 jam 3 menit 27 detik menjadi 35 menit 46 detik.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro setelah penerapan lean six sigma. Penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap masih diatas target standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes.
Background : Waiting time is often used as an indicator to assess the quality of hospital services by patients. One aspect of concern is the waiting time for patient discharge. Data from Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital in 2023 showed that the average patient waiting time was 87 minutes with a significant difference between patients with personal guarantees (66 minutes) and insurance guarantees (121 minutes). The average waiting time data is calculated from when the doctor gives instructions to go home until the patient makes the final billing. The data does not include until the patient leaves the inpatient room. The minimum service standard for inpatient discharge waiting time set by the Ministry of Health is less than 120 minutes. The achievement of waiting time for patients who leave within ≤ 2 hours was recorded at 88%, although it still does not meet the corporate target set at 100%. Method : This study adopted an operational research design that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, with a total sample of 38 patients who returned home after undergoing inpatient care. Sample selection was based on the distribution of days, hours of discharge, and types of guarantee methods that had been determined. Hasil : The results of the study using the lean six sigma approach successfully identified the lead time for inpatient discharge at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital of 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds, where 69% were non-value added activities dominated by waiting type waste of 3 hours 14 minutes 23 seconds. The root of the problem of the long waiting time for inpatient discharge is in phase III in the activity of waiting for the patient to leave the inpatient room. The application of lean six sigma in the inpatient discharge process at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital successfully reduced the lead time by 16%, from 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds to 4 hours 21 minutes 25 seconds. This reduction in lead time was followed by a decrease in waste in all stages of patient discharge, with the largest decrease in waste occurring in phase I, which was 44%, from 1 hour 3 minutes 27 seconds to 35 minutes 46 seconds. Kesimpulan : There is a decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital after the implementation of lean six sigma. The decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients is still above the minimum service standard target set by the Ministry of Health.
Kata kunci : Mutu; Lean; Farmasi
Pharmaceutical Services is a service that cannot be separated from hospital services. The length of waiting time in the pharmacy will satisfy the overall quality of hospital services. Currently the waiting time in Bali Royal Hospital pharmacy for out patient is still above the standard waiting time, which is not in accordance with the hospital guidelines. The standard waiting time for outpatient pharmacy cannot be achieved due to lack of quality management at RSU Bali Royal. This study will look at how the process of outpatient pharmacy service using lean method, in 2017 with observational action process research, by observing 15 patients from October 2017 to January 2018 at outpatient pharmaceutical RSU Bali Royal, by looking at the waste. It is founded that there are 45.65% value added activities and non-value added activities (vaste) of 54.28%. Most of the wastes that are found are waste waiting and waste defect. Elimination of waste that has been done by the implementation of intervention, among others: moving cashier counters, changing the lay out of pharmacy, making counter between the pharmaceutical counter with space lock pharmaceutical door lock and change in outpatient pharmacy service, so that non value added activities can be eliminated to 18.28% and value added activities to 81.72%. In terms of outcome can be seen the improvement of waiting time, improvement of customer satisfaction, increased visits and increased turnover in pharmacy. This study concludes that there is a significant improvement of service quality after the refinement of outpatient pharmacy service process using lean method.
Keyword : Quality; Lean; Pharmacy
