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Kata kunci: Jemaah haji, Pengendalian DM, Pembinaan Kesehatan Haji
This thesis discusses the influence of Hajj health development and guidance program on the success of DM control in pilgrims whose diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. This research is quantitative research with cross sectional design. The results suggest that influence of Hajj Health Development was very important on the success of DM control, hajj pilgrims should be strived to follow all the activities of Hajj health Development so that the health status of Hajj can be increased to meet health requirements.
Key words: Hajj pilgrims, DM control, Hajj health development
Global TB Report 2016 states only about 35,3% of people with TB who successfullyfound/has been reported in Indonesia of about 1.020.000 estimation of incident in theyear 2016. This is certainly making the risk of people with TB who still has not beenfound to transmit the disease will increase. From around the districts in Indonesia noteverything has a coverage of the discovery of TB cases. Many of the factors that lead toit, so the discrepancy in the discovery and reporting TB cases. The characteristics of thedistricts with TB households diagnosed it is important to note that when there are othercounties that have similar characteristics so it can be suspected the possibility ofdiagnosed TB households in the district Although no case of TB was found. This thesisexamines the characteristics of districts with TB households diagnosed in Indonesia.Research with secondary data analysis using Data Riskesdas 2013 and 2014 PODESData. The analysis conducted to see the difference in the proportion of each of thevariables and assess the influences between variables independent of the dependentvariable. Fractional regression test used to measure the value of risk variables areindependent of the dependent variable. The results showed the influence ofcharacteristics of household environment for the district comprising the counties withthe proportion of slum households (1%), with the proportion of the village have slums(0.3%), and district with the proportion the village does not exist health care facility(1%). Influence of the characteristics of district to household conditions physically seenfrom districts with solid household proportion (1%), with the proportion of householdsthere are no window (3%), and district with the proportion of the village that has a homethe staircase there are indoor pollution (1%), while the influence of the districts with theproportion of households with less lighting and a proportion of the village householdswithout electricity against the characteristics of districts with TB households is difficultto explained. Districts with low proportion of household economy (0.6%) influence onthe characteristics of districts with TB households diagnosed. This research suggestedthat the strengthening of programs related to TB prevention and control efforts on at-risk households and as a basis for the intervention priorities based on refinementsepidemic levels of TB at the district/city.Key words:TB, Influence, District.
Kata kunci: Hipertensi, wanita, obesitas
Hypertension is an important public health challenge because it has a strong effect with cardiovascular disease and premature death. The number of hypertension increases from year to year. At the same risk factors, women are more susceptible to hypertension. Many factor that influence of hypertension, one of them is obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of obesity to hypertension in adult women (21-40 years old) in Indonesia, 2014. This study uses secondary data of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 5, 2014) with cross sectional study design. The number of samples is 6,861 people. The results of this study indicate that 6,861 of women aged 21-40 years old are 11.98% (95%CI: 10,76-12,01) hypertension, 24.78% (95%CI: 23,6-25,37) obesity. The results of multivariate analysis, there is no covariate variable that becomes confounding variable in influence of obesity to hypertension in this research, odds ratio influence obesity to hypertension is 3,29. This means that women with obesity have risk 3,29 to be hypertension. Health Office needs to improve the early detection program of hypertension, especially in obese women with aged 21-40 years olds. The society must apply a healthy lifestyle by maintaining food intake.
Key words: Hypertension,women, obesity
ABSTRAK Nama : Noerfitri Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Analisis Survival Pengaruh Rujuk Balik dan Tipe Pasien Terhadap Kejadian Lost to Follow-up pada Pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2015 Pembimbing : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si Tingginya angka insidens TB MDR di Indonesia, dibarengi dengan tingginya tingkat Lost to Follow-up (LTFU) pada pengobatan pasien TB MDR. Pasien TB resisten obat memiliki kemungkinan LTFU lebih besar dibandingkan pasien TB sensitif obat dikarenakan durasi pengobatan yang lebih lama. Selain itu, pasien TB MDR yang tidak melanjutkan pengobatannya sampai tuntas memiliki peningkatan risiko kematian akibat TB. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rujuk balik dan tipe pasien terhadap kejadian LTFU pada pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB MDR) di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan pada Mei-Juni 2018 di Subdit TB – Direktorat P2PML, Ditjen P2P Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desain studi kohort retrospektif. Jumlah sampel pada studi ini adalah 961 pasien. Sampel diambil secara total sampling. Berdasarkan status rujuk baliknya, 86,3% pasien dilakukan rujuk balik dan 13,97% pasien tidak dirujuk balik. Berdasarkan kategori tipe pasien, 35,17% kasus kambuh, 5,52% pasien baru, 13,94% pasien pernah LTFU, 23,10% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 1, 20,29% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 2, 1,9% lain-lain (pasien tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya). Dari studi ini, diketahui bahwa proporsi kejadian LTFU sebesar 28,40% dengan kumulatif hazard LTFU sebesar sebesar 1,12 selama 39 bulan pengamatan, sehingga didapatkan hazard rate sebesar 2,88/100 orang-bulan. Hasil analisis multivariabel dengan regresi cox time-dependent menunjukkan bahwa rujuk balik menurunkan peluang terjadinya LTFU sebesar 46% (HR 0,54; 95% CI 0,35-0,84) pada kondisi variabel tipe pasien dan umur sama (adjusted). Untuk tipe pasien, tipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2 dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya meningkatkan peluang terjadinya LTFU masing-masing sebesar 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), dan 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) dibandingkan dengan tipe pasien kambuh (baseline) pada kondisi variabel rujuk balik, jenis kelamin, dan umur sama (adjusted). Pada laki-laki, efek tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2 lebih rendah 0,26 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien wanita dengan tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2. Petugas kesehatan perlu meluangkan waktu yang lebih banyak untuk memberikan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi mengenai pengobatan TB serta mengenai manfaat rujuk balik kepada pasien TB MDR. Risiko LTFU meningkat pada pasien yang bertipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2, dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya dibandingkan pasien dengan tipe kambuh, karena tipe kambuh sudah teruji kepatuhannya terhadap pengobatan sebelumnya. Perlunya skrinning tipe pasien dengan baik untuk mengidentifikasi risiko LTFU berdasarkan tipe pasien sejak awal pasien memulai pengobatan. Kata kunci: LTFU, rujuk balik, tipe pasien, TB MDR
ABSTRACT Name : Noerfitri Study Program : Public Health Title : Survival Analysis of Influence of Decentralization and Type of Patient on Lost to follow-up in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia 2014-2015 Supervisor : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si The high incidence rate of MDR-TB in Indonesia is accompanied by high rate of lost to follow-up (LTFU) in the treatment of MDR-TB patients. Drug resistant TB patients have a greater risk of LTFU than drug-sensitive TB patients due to longer treatment duration. In addition, MDR-TB patients who did not continue treatment completely had an increased risk of dying from TB. The aims of this study were to determine the decentralization influence and patient type on the incidence of LTFU in MultidrugResistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Indonesia. This study was conducted in May-June 2018 at Subdirectorate of TB - Directorate of Prevention and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Prevention and Disease Control - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The study design was retrospective cohort. The number of samples in this study was 961 patients. Samples were taken in total sampling. Based on the decentralization status, 86.3% of patients were decentralized. Based on the type of patient category, 35.17% of relapse, 5.52% of new, 13.94% of after LTFU, 23.10% of failure category 1, 20.29% of failure category 2, 1.9 % of other patients (unknown history of previous TB treatment). The proportion of incidence of LTFU is 28.40% with cumulative hazard of LTFU equal to 1.12 during 39 months of observation, so hazard rate is 2.88 / 100 person-month. In multivariable analysis with cox regression time-dependent revealed that decentralization reduced the probability of LTFU up to 46% (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84) after controlled by type of patient and age. For patient type, treatment after LTFU, failure category 2 and unknown history of previous TB treatment increased the probability of LTFU by 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), and 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) consecutively compared with the type of relapse patients (baseline) after controlled by the decentralization, gender, and age. In male patients with failure treatment category 2, the effect was 0.26 times lower compared with failure category 2 in female patients. Health workers need to spend more time in communicating, informing and educating about TB treatment and the benefits of decentralization to MDR-TB patients. The risk of LTFU increased in type of patient after LTFU, treatment failure category 2, and unknown history of previous TB treatment compared with patients with relapse types. The need for good patient type screening to identify the risk of LTFU by type of patient from the initial of treatment. Keywords: LTFU, decentralization, type of patient, MDR-TB
This thesis discussed the role of individual and community factors on the use of LongTerm Contraceptive Method (MKJP) in women of reproductive age couple by region inIndonesia in 2017. The study design follows the advanced analysis design of RPJMNBKKBN survey data that was cross-sectional design. The sample of research onRPJMN survey was women of reproductive age couple. Data were analyzed byMultilevel Logistic Regression analysis. The results showed that the proportion ofwomen of reproductive age couple using the longest method of contraception washighest in the area of Indonesia Java Bali was 27.2%. Multilevel analysis results showedthat there are variations between provinces of MKJP used in women of reproductive agecouple in the area of Indonesia Java Bali and Outside Java Bali I of 1.4 and 1.3 in thearea of Outside Java Bali II. It was recommended to BKKBN to implement MKJPusage program that takes into account the area aspect and can not be uniformed for allprovinces in Indonesia.Key words:Contraception, Women, Individuals, Community.
