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Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kegemukan atau obesitas yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan IMT dan RLPP terhadap kejadian hiperten.si stage 1. Penelitian -analitik dengan desain krosseksional dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data langsung terhadap penduduk diatas 18 tahun yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang pada bulan April sampal Mei 2008, dengan jumlah total sampel sebesar 648 responden. Dan i 648 responden yang diperiksa dan diukur terdapat 39,04% adalah hipertensi stage 1, dan IMT tergolong kurus atau underweight 5,09%, MT normal 64,20%, IMT gemuk 14,66% dan Eva tergolong obes sebesar 16,05% berdasar standart IMT Dep.Kes RI. Dengan RLPP diketahui 23,92% tergolong obesitas. Dan responden yang tergolong IMT kurus 27,27% adalah hipertensi stage 1, responden tergolong IMT normal 32,45% hipertensi stage 1, 34,74% responden tergolong Eva gemuk adalah hipertensi stage 1 serta 73,08% responden tergolong IMT obesitas adalah hipertensi stage 1. Pada pendekatan RLPP diperoleh hash l 63,87% responden tergolong obesitas adalah hipertensi stage 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada mereka dengan IMT tergolong gemuk beresiko 1,06, kali (95% Cl; 0,71-1,57) dan IMT tergolong obesitas beresiko 1,64 kali (95% CI; 1,20-2,24) untuk hipertensi stage 1 dibandingkan mereka yang tergolong IMT normal, setelah dikontrol oleh potensial konfounding; umur, jenis keIamin, pendidikan, riwayat keluarga hipertensi, riwayat keluarga gemuk, riwayat keluarga DM, rokok, konsumsi kopi, konsumsi lemak, konsumsi serat stress dan aktifitas fisik. Dengan RLPP diketahui mereka yang tergolong obesitas beresiko 1,62 kali (95% CI; 1,22-2,14) untuk hipertensi stage 1 dibandingkan mereka yang normal setelah dikontrol potensial konfounding yang sarna seperti IMT. Potensial konfounding yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam merubah efek secara signifikan dari hubungan tingkat kegemukan dengan kejadian hipertensi stage 1 pada pendekatan pengukuran IMT dan RLPP dari hash l analisa adalah riwayat keluarga hipertensi, tingkat konsurnsi lemak dan umur, yang metubah efek hubungan tingkat kegemukan pada IMT tergolong gemuk dari 1,07 (95% CI; 0,7-1,6) menjadi 1,06 (95% CI; 0,71-1,57).dan pada yang IMT obesitas dari 2,25 (95% CI; 1,7-2,9) menjadi 1,64 (95% CI; 1,20-2,24). Pada pendekatan RLPP dari 2,04 (95% CI; 1,58- 2,63) menjadi 1,62 (95% CI; 1,22-2,14). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka perlu dilakukan upaya pernasukan program pengendalian hipertensi dan kardiovaskuler pada Dinas Kesehatan dan upaya deteksi card melalui skrinin' g dengan melakukan pengukuran IMT ataupun RLPP terhadap masyarakat yang datang memeriksakan kesehatannya di Puskesmas. Disamping juga perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan berkaitan diet gizi seimbang, maupun berat tubuh ideal dalam pengendalian penyakit hipertensi dan kardiovaskuler.
This study is about to find out relationship between obesity and hypetension stage 1 wich conducted by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). This study used cross sectional design by direct data collecting taken from 18 years old visitors who visit Public Health Center in District of Aceh Tarniang from April to May 2008 and gained 648 respondents. From examination and measurement of all these 648 respondents, 39.04% respondents has hypertension stage 1, 5.09% has low BD& or underweight, 64.20% has normal BMI, 14.66% has above normal or everweight, and 16.05% has obese based on Department of Health standard. By using WHR, found out that 23.92% classified as obese. Those classified as lean BM1 with hypertension stage 1 is 27.27%, those who classified as normal BMI with hypertension stage 1 is 32.45%, those who classified as overweight BIVIl with hypertension stage 1 is 34.74% is 73.08% and those who classified as obese with hypertension stage 1. By WHR approaching 63.87% respondents are obese with hypertension stage 1. The results of this study shows that those who classified as fat and obese has 1,06 ties (95% CI;0,71-1,57) and 1,64 times (95% CI; 1,20-2,24) risk of hypertension stage 1 respectively, after controlled by potensial confounding which are : age, sex, education, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking, coffe consumption, fat consumption, natural fibre consumption, stress and physical activities. By using WHR found out those who obese has risk 1,62 times (95% Cl; 1,22-2,14) of hypertension stage 1 compared to those in normal group after controlled by the same potensial confounding which have been use by BMI approaching. Potential confounding which has influence in relationship between obesity and hypertension stage I both with BMI and WHR significantly are family history of hypertension, age and fat consumption, these changes are ; in overweight group from 1,07 (95% Cl; 0,7-1,6) to 1,06 (95% Cl; 0,71-1,57) and in obese group from 2,25 (95% CI; 1,7-2,9) to 1,64 (95% CI;1,2-2,24) for BMI and 2,04 (95% CI; 1,58-2,63) to 1,62 (95% CI; 1,22-2,14) for WHR. Based on the result of this study, it is necessary to include hypertension and cardiovasculer controlling program in Health Office and early detection by conducting screening by BMI and WHR measurement to those who visit health center for examination. Also any advance researches on nutrition in daily consumption and promote ideal weight in communities in order to control hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Tingginya prevalensi hipertensi dan stroke pada masyarakat kota Pariaman dan kebiasaan duduk di lapau, sebagai gaya hidup sedentari pada laki-laki, yang dilatarbelakangi budaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain Kasus-Kontrol tidak berpasangan, pada 117 Kasus dan 117 Kontrol, laki-laki berusia 21 - 40 tahun. Kasus dipilih dari orang yang berkunjung ke RSUD Pariaman dan sebuah rumah sakit swasta di Pariaman, sedangkan Kontrol adalah tetangga Kasus dari rumah yang terdekat melingkupi rumah Kasus dan dipilih secara acak (Population based control). Kasus adalah penderita hipertensi ringan tanpa komplikasi yang berkunjung ke rumah sakit pada tahun 2006, dan pada saat wawancara mempunyai tekanan darah sistolik 140 -159 mmHg atau diastolik 90 -99 mmHg. Regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan ini. Terdapat 35,9% responden dari kelompok Kasus beraktivitas rendah dibandingkan dengan 14,S% dari kelompok Kontrol. Pada waktu bekerja terdapat 32,5% responden dari kelompok Kasus dengan indeks rendah dibandingkan dengan 22,2% dari kelompok Kontrol. Terdapat 17,1% responden dari kelompok Kasus dengan indeks olah raga rendah dibandingkan dengan 6,8% dari kelompok Kontrol, dan pada waktu senggang terdapat 24,8% responden dari kelompok Kasus dengan indeks rendah dibandingkan dengan 27,4% dari kelompok Kontrol. Laki-laki Pariaman usia 21 - 40 tahun dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah mempunyai risiko untuk mengalami hipertensi ringan 4,06 kali lebih besar (OR 4,06 ;95%CI 1,81 - 9,10) dibandingkan laki-laki Pariaman usia 21 - 40 tahun dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik tinggi setelah dikontrol dengan status gizi dan frekuensi kebiasaan makan roti isi. Aktivitas fisik yang rendah berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya hipertensi ringan. Kebiasaan duduk di lapau harus diimbangi dengan meningkatkan kebiasaan olah raga Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pariaman didukung jajaran lain terkait perlu lebih mempromosikan upaya peningkatan aktivitas fisik di masyarakat dengan kampanye olah raga dan jalan kaki.
The high prevalence on hypertension and stroke among the people city of Pariaman and the sitting habit in the lapau, coffee stalls, as a sedentary life's style of men that culturally set up. Study is using an impaired case-control design with 117 cases and 117 controls of men aged 21 - 40 years old. Cases are chosen from visitors of General Hospital of the Distric of Pariaman ang of one Private Hospital in Pariaman, while controlsare the cases?neighbours from the closest house which surround the cases? houses and randomly selected (Population based control). Cases are stage I hypertension (JNC 7) patients without any comlpication who visit to hospital on 2006 and while interviewedis having blood pressure of systolic on 140 - 159 mmHg or diastolic on 90- 99 mmHg. Logistic regression is performed to analyze this association. There are 35.9% of low physical activities among cases' group compare to 14.5% of controls' group. During work time, there are 32-5% of respondents of case group that having low index, while 22.2% of control group. Seventeen point one percent (17.1%) respondent from the cases' group have low sport index compared to 6.8% of controls' group. During leissure time, there are 24.8% respondents irom the cases' group are having low index, while 27.4% of controls' group. Men in the city of Pariaman aged 21 - 40 years with low level of physical activity have a risk to develop stage I of hypertension 4.06 times greater (OR 4.06; 95%CI : 1.81 - 9.10) than men in the city of Pariaman aged 21 - 40 years with high level of physical activity after being controlled for overweight status and habitual frequency of stuffed bread consumption. Low physical activity influences the occurrence of 1st stage hypertension. Sitting habit in the lapau must be balanced with more higher habit of exercising. The Health Autority of kota Pariaman, supported by its related components, should increase the promotion on the importance of physical activities of the community, such as a campaign on community exercise and walking.
Hasil analisis multivariat dengan modifikasi cox regression menunjukkan bahwa risiko wanita obesitas untuk menderita hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 1,80 kali (95% CI 1,57-2,06) dibandingkan wanita yang tidak obesitas. Pada wanita premenopause, obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 1,67 kali (95% CI 1,43-1,94). Risiko yang lebih besar tampak pada kelompok wanita postmenopause dengan besar risiko obesitas terhadap kejadian hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 2,32 kali (95% CI 1,69-3,19). Perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian hipertensi melalui program GERMAS dan pemaksimalan peran posbindu PTM. Masyarakat khususnya wanita perlu menerapkan pola hidup sehat dengan perilaku CERDIK sejak usia dini.
