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Prevalensi diabetes melitus mengalami tren meningkat, baik di tingkat global maupun di
Indonesia. Prevalensi DM berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah di Indonesia meningkat dari tahun 2013 (6,9%), 2018 (10,9%), hingga 2023 (11,7%). DM adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang bisa dicegah melalui perubahan gaya hidup, salah satunya adalah aktivitas fisik, yang menjadi kunci dalam pencegahan dan pengurangan beban PTM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian DM pada penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas di Indonesia pada tahun 2023, dengan distratifikasi oleh variabel perancu usia, jenis kelamin, status obesitas, tempat tinggal, status pekerjaan, dan status ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat, dan stratifikasi. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan DM, dengan aktivitas fisik kurang lebih berpeluang (OR=1,36; 95% CI= 1,23 – 1,51) untuk memiliki DM. Variabel perancu usia, jenis kelamin, status obesitas, dan status pekerjaan berhubungan signifikan dengan DM dan digunakan untuk stratifikasi. Setelah distratifikasi, hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan DM tetap signifikan, tetapi nilai OR berbeda berdasarkan modifikasi efek dari variabel usia dan jenis kelamin. Penduduk usia 40 tahun ke atas (OR=1,52; 95% CI= 1,35 – 1,71) lebih berpeluang untuk memiliki DM jika kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Upaya intervensi pengelola program kesehatan perlu difokuskan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan aktivitas fisik dan skrining DM yang komprehensif dengan bekerja sama dengan sektor luar kesehatan dan fokus untuk meningkatkan partisipasi aktivitas fisik pada penduduk berusia 40 tahun ke atas.
There is an upward trend of diabetes mellitus prevalency, both globally and in Indonesia. DM prevalency based on blood glucose examination in Indonesia shows an upward trend, from 2013 (6,9%), 2018 (10,9%), up to 2023 (11,7%). DM is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) that could be prevented by lifestyle change, which one of them is physical activity, a key in NCD prevention and burden reduction. This study aims to identify the association between physical activity and DM in Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and over in 2023, with stratification based on confounding variable age, sex, obesity status, residential area, employment status, and economic status. This study utilizes Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 data with cross-sectional study design. Univariate, bivariate, and stratification analysis were conducted. Based on bivariate analysis, physical activity is significantly associated with DM, with the less active group having higher odds (OR=1,36; 95% CI= 1,23 – 1,51) for developing DM. Confounding variables age, sex, obesity status, and employment status significantly associated with DM and will be used in stratification. After stratification, the association between physical activity and DM hold its significance, but the OR differs based on effect modification by age and sex variables. Population aged 40 years and over (OR=1,52; 95% CI= 1,35 – 1,71) higher odds to develop DM if they’re physically inactive. Interventions effort made by health program organizer needs to be focused on designing and implementing comprehensive physical activity and DM screening policy with partners outside the health sectors and focusing on increasing participation in physical activity among population aged 40 years and over.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HVI) is still a global public health problem, where by the end of 2020 it is estimated that there are around 37.7 million people in the world living with HIV. In Indonesia until March 2021, there were 427,201 people with HIV of which 89.7% occurred in the fertile age (15-49 years). The Province of Jakarta became the province with the highest number of people with the HIV, which was 71,473 people. The high level of discriminatory behavior towards people with HIV has an impact on the reluctance to do HIV tests and seek treatment and tends to hide their disease status. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of discriminatory behavior toward people with HIV in Jakarta Province. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 1,354 respondents, male and female aged 15-49 years, had heard of HIV, and domiciled in Jakarta Province. The multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the determinants of discriminatory behavior. The results of this study indicate that the discriminatory behavior against people with HIV in Jakarta Province is 30.3%. Based on the multivariate logistic regression model, the younger age, lower educational level, un-exposed to mass media, and lack of comprehensive knowledge are variables significantly related to discriminatory behavior towards people with HIV (p-value less than 0.10). Age is the most related variable, age 15-24 years have a risk of 1.58 (95% CI = 1.12 - 2.16) to discriminate against towards people with HIV compared to age 35-49 years after being controlled by education, exposure to information sources, and comprehensive knowledge. It recommended that intensify the dissemination of information on HIV/AIDS, especially related to the transmission of HIV/AIDS, by strengthening the collaboration of various parties to increase knowledge and reach of society in DKI Jakarta Province.
Breastfeeding is an easy way to reduce morbidity and mortality in infants and childrens. The delay in giving the first breast milk can be caused by the chosen method of birth such as vaginal or cesarean delivery. This study was conducted in a cross sectional and quantitative approach using the 2017 IDHS data to determine the relationship between cesarean delivery and Early Breastfeeding Initiation (EBFI) in DKI Jakarta Province. The sample used was women of childbearing age 15-49 years during the survey in DKI Jakarta Province who had their last child born in the last 2 years as many as 236 respondents. Univariate, bivariate statistical analysis was performed using chi-square (95% CI) and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. The results of the analysis showed that mothers who gave birth by cesarean had 0.52 times [95% CI 0.27-1.01] times lower risk of having an EBFI than mothers who gave birth vaginally. Multivariate analysis in this study showed that mothers who delivered by cesarean had 0.54 times lower risk [95% CI 0.18-1.61] of having an EBFI compared to mothers who gave birth vaginally after controlled by variables such as education level, age, and economic status. It is concluded that policy making and providing interventions on how to implement and the importance of early breastfeeding initiation need to be carried out on mothers who have low levels of education, age under 35 years, low economic status, and who plan to give birth by cesarean delivery method.
