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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that was formed from breast cells that grow out of control so that it can spread between tissues or organs near the breast or to other parts of the body. This study aims to know the correlation between the age of menarche in women and the incidence of breast cancer in urban areas of Indonesia by analyzing data from the 2016 Non-Communicable Diseases research. Design of this research used cross sectional study, sample which suitable from inclusion and exclusion criteria was 34.635 respondens. Bivariate analysis used chi-square and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The results showed the proportion of breast cancer in women in urban areas of Indonesia based on research data on Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016 was 7.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that relationship between the age of menarche and the incidence of breast cancer P value 0.539 OR 1.051 (0.897-1.232) which means P value > 0.05. The conclusion, there was not a significant relationship between the age of menarche in women and the incidence of breast cancer in urban areas of Indonesia by analyzing data from the 2016 Non-Communicable Diseases research after being controlled with variables of education, occupation, family history of cancer and dietary habits.
Kata kunci:Faktor- factor, Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan, Paritas.
Prevention of unintended pregnancies is essential to reduce the incidence of abortion andother adverse effects such as premature birth, low birth weight, unwanted child, maternalchild morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess determinants ofunintended pregnancies in Indonesia. The study was a secondary data analysis ofIndonesia Demographic Health Survey 2012 which covered 33 provinces in Indonesiawith cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were women who were pregnantwhen the survey was conducted, accounted as 2046 women. Data were analyzed bymultiple logistic regression. The most dominant factor related to unintended pregnanciesis married status. Mothers with are at risk of experiencing unintended pregnancies 8,35times (p value <0.05, OR 10.59 95% CI: 3, 11-38,14) compared to married mothers aftercontrolled by age, parity, complication and contraceptive failure.
Keywords: determinants, unintended pregnancy, parity.
Tolok ukur keberhasilan pembangunan adalah peningkatan kesejahteraan penduduk. Sesuai dengan komitmen pembangunan nasional yang pada hakekatnya bersifat adil, demokrasi, terbuka, partisipatif dan terintegrasi, maka pada saat ini, pemerintah berupaya mengurangi kesenjangan pembangunan yang terjadi antar daerah, terutama pada daerah-daerah yang sulit dijangkau, rawan konflik/bencana, aksesibilitas yang rendah serta infrastruktur yang terbatas yang dikenal dengan Daerah Tertinggal. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada tingkat kesejahteraan adalah besarnya beban yang ditanggung oleh satu keluarga. Semakin banyak jumlah anak, berarti semakin besar tanggungan kepala rumah tangga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan material dan spiritual anggota rumah tangganya. Bagi daerah tertinggal, angka pertambahan jumlah penduduk akan menjadi beban tersendiri, padahal sumber daya daerah tersebut sangat terbatas. Dengan demikian, program yang perlu diprioritaskan oleh Daerah Tertinggal adalah program KB. Dan hasil analisis SDKI 2002-2003, menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi pemakaian kontrasepsi di Indonesia sebesar 60%, sedangkan untuk Daerah Tertinggal, belum ada data tentang prevalensi pemakaian kontrasepsi. Dengan penelitian ini, diharapkan akan didapatkan gambaran tentang pemakaian kontrasepsi, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan, serta faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Daerah Tertinggal Indonesia yang terdaftar dalam SDKI 2002-2003. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut dari data SDKI 2002-2003 dengan desain cross sectional, dengan populasi berjumlah 1315 wanita usia subur yang tersebar di 9 propinsi. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan aplikasi analisis regresi logistic ganda. Analisis mencakup analisis univariabel, analisis bivariabel dengan Khi Kuadrat dan regresi logistik sederhana serta analisis multivariabel dengan regresi logistik multivariat. Hash analisis menunjukkan prevalensi pemakaian kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Daerah Tertinggal masih rendah (45,9%) dan faktor sosiodemografi yaitu pendidikan responder, pekerjaan responden, jumlah anak yang dilahirkan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi, sedangkan faktor akses terhadap media/informasi yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi adalah akses media televisi, akses informasi melalui keluarga, teman/tetangga serta akses informasi melalui tokoh masyarakatlagama. Dui 6 faktor tersebut, faktor jumlah anak yang dilahirkan merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, untuk percepatan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Daerah Tertinggal, disarankan agar dibentuk kerjasama lintas sektoral antara Kementerian Negara Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, BKKBN dan Depkes dalam penguatan kelembagaan dan jaringan KB serta perlunya peningkatan promosi dan informasi KB, balk melalui media televisi, peningkatan peran tokoh masyarakatlagama dan petugas kesehatan/KB. Sedangkan dari hasil penelitian terhadap faktor pendidikan, disarankan bagi Departemen Pendidikan bekerjasama dengan Kementerian PDT untuk lebih memperhatikan tingkat pendidikan masyarakat di Daerah Tertinggal.
The parameter of a successful development of the nation is a noted of the increasing on its citizen's well being. As the national development commitment, which has characteristics on fairness, democracy, openness, participated, and integrated, the government is try to reduce the disparity of the development between regions in Indonesia, especially to those area that remote, at risk for natural disaster or conflict, having low accessibility, and Iimited on infrastructures, that we know as underprivileged areas. One of factor that influence the level of citizen's well being is the dependency ratio of the family has. The more they have children, the more they likely to have greater family members dependency and have to responsible in fulfilling the need for their family members, materially and spiritually. In case of underprivileged areas, the increase on population number will be another burden, as they only have limited resources. Therefore, a program that has to be prioritized is a Family Planning Program. Results from the prior analyses of Indonesia DI-IS 2002 - 2003 showed that the contraceptive use prevalence of Indonesia is as high as 60%, but there in no figure for the underprivileged areas. Therefore, a continuation analyses of the data has been conducted in order to describe on factors related on contraceptive uses, as well as the most factors related to the contraceptive uses among women at reproductive age (WRA) at underprivileged areas that Iisted on Indonesia DHS 2002 - 2003. There are 9 (nine) provinces listed as underprivileged areas that comprises in number of population on WRA as 1315 people. The data is analyzed using double logistic regression, which consists of univariable analyses, bivariable analyses with Chi-square and simple logistic regression, and multivariable analyses with multivariate logistic regression. Analyses has showed that contraceptive use prevalence among WRA at underprivileged areas is still low (45.9%) and socio-demographic factors such as education, occupation, and number children ever born (CEB), is related significantly with the contraceptive use. While factors on access to media/information that also have significantly related with contraceptive use are television, family/friends/neighbors, and community/religious leaders. From those 6 (six) factors, CEB is the most or dominant factor that related to contraceptive uses. Regarding to the analyses results, in order to accelerate the people's well being at the underprivileged areas, it is suggested that there should be a strong inter-sectors collaboration between National Ministry on The Development of Underprivileged Areas, National Family Planning Coordination Board and Ministry of Health to enhance the institutional and networking on promoting and dissemination of the information on Family PIanning through television, increase the role of community/religious leaders, as well as its FP providers. Another important findings upon education factors, it is suggested that collaboration between Ministry of National Education and National Ministry on The Development of Underprivileged Areas is also needed in order to increase the level of education among people at the underprivileged areas.
Decreased birth rates for adolescent aged 15-19 years are the targets of the BKKBNStrategic Plan and the development of population and family planning in the 2020-2024National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), with a target of 25 per 1,000births by 2020 and targeted at 18 per 1,000 births in 2024. Birth rates for teenage girlsaged 15-19 years according to the 2017 IDHS are still high, namely 36 per 1,000women aged 15-19 years, and adolescent girls 15-19 years who have become mothersand or are pregnant with their first child increased from 8.5% in 2007 to 9.5% in 2012.This study aims to determine the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy. Thecross sectional study design, uses secondary data for the 2017 IDHS. The sample of thisstudy is adolescent girls aged 15-19 years who have had sexual relations in the 2017IDHS data. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship betweeneducation level, contraceptive use, access to health facilities and marital status withadolescent pregnancy. Variables that are jointly associated with adolescent pregnancyaged 15-19 years are marital status, exposure to family planning messages, access tohealth facilities and use of contraceptives. Marital status (OR = 12,105, 95% CI =6,449-22,720) is the most influential factor with adolescent pregnancy. The highproportion of adolescent pregnancies aged 15-19 years requires serious attention fromthe government and related parties in an effort to minimize the negative effects of teenpregnancy.Key words: adolescent pregnancy ; adolescent; 2017 IDHS.
Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Merokok, Remaja, Indonesian Family Life Survey 5
Hypertension is currently not only suffered by adults, but also suffered by adolescents. Hypertension in adolescents related to unhealthy lifestyle by teenagers, one of them is smoking. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking with hypertension in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional design, using Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) data, and analysed statically with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that adolescents who experienced hypertension are 14.57% and adolescents smoked are 17.99%. Multivariate analysis showed that light smokers had a risk of 0.63 times lower for hypertension than not smokers after controlled for sex variables, whereas in heavy smokers there was no significant association. Screening of hypertension is needed to determine the hypertension status in adolescents, so that the management of hypertension can be done appropriately
Keywords: Hypertension, Smoking, Adolescents, Indonesian Family Life Survey 5
