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Kata kunci: Infeksi daerah operasi, operasi sesar, peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major cause increased medical costs, increased length of stay and extended recovery time for women who had a cesarean section. The incidence of SSI in developing countries is higher than in developed countries. Mothers who had done cesarean section surgery have a chance up to 20 times higher of developing morbidity of infection compared to vaginal birth. Therefore this study aims to identify the incidence and risk factors of SSI postoperative cesarean also the relationship with improving the quality of health services. The research question was answered with a literature review research and results were summarized narratively. A literature search using databases from ProQuest, PubMed, BJOG, Science Direct, Springer Link andGaruda RISTEKBRIN between 2010 and 2020. The literature on risk of surgical site infection after cesarean surgery was discussed. In total, 43 studies were included in this review. Risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section identified in this study were maternal age, ASA score ≥ 3, anaemia, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, smoking, tobacco use, residence, number of vaginal examinations > 3, premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor, gestational age, indications of cesarean section (previous cesarean section, parity, arrest of labor), chorioamnionitis, length of pre and postoperative hospital stay, prophylactic antibiotics, prolonged duration of surgery, emergency surgery, blood transfusion, wound class ≥ 3, vertical or midline abdominal incision, skin closure technique, anesthetic technique and type of surgeon. Based on the risk factors of SSI after cesarean section that has been identified, several efforts can be made by hospitals to improve the quality of cesarean section services.
Key words: Cesarean section, surgical site infection, quality improvement of health service
This research aimed to obtain an overview of the section services of SectioCaesaria in Muhammadiyah Taman Puring Hospital in 2016 using theDonabedian Quality of Care Framework. The analysis was performed bypresenting the input-process-and-output of the services of Caesarian Section'smeasures compared to the prevailing standards. The research method isqualitative. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that theservice of Sectio Caesaria in RS Muhammadiyah Taman Puring is quite goodwith the input which is enough where the human resources owned in accordancewith the standard amount, but still lack in facilities and policy support. Theservice process by referring to existing guidance in the hospital, has not beenconsistently run entirely by hospital staff. The output of this research were LengthOf Stay 3,3 and Wound Infections Surgery hospital rates is 1,3 %.Keywords: Donabedian, Service of Sectio Caesaria.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kenyataan bahwa Instalasi Gawat Darurat merupakan suatu unit pelayanan di rumah sakit yang harus dapat memberikan pelayanan yang cepat dan tepat agar tujuan dari pelayanan gawat darurat dapat tercapai dan sekaligus memberikan kepuasan kepada pasien atau keluarganya.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran umum waktu tunggu persiapan operasi cito di IGD dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu pelayanan terhadap pasien yang akan menjalani operasi cito.
Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dan informasi mengenai proses pelayanan diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, fokus grup diskusi, observasi partisipatif dan telaah dokumen. Sedangkan data mengenai waktu pelayanan diperoleh melalui pencatatan waktu pelayanan mulai dari tahap penetapan operasi sampai saat dilakukan sayatan pertama di meja operasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu tunggu persiapan operasi cito di IGD RS Karya Medika I berhubungan dengan lamanya persetujuan operasi dari keluarga atau penanggung jawab biaya, ketidaksiapan SDM kamar operasi termasuk dokter operator dan dokter anestesi, serta keterbatasan peralatan operasi.
Untuk mempersingkat waktu pelayanan terhadap pasien yang akan menjalani operasi cito, RS Karya Medika I perlu menetapkan kebijakan tentang penanganan pasien operasi cito, memperbaiki manajemen SDM kamar operasi dan sistem pengadaan alat kesehatan.
The background of the research was the fact that Emergency Care Unit is a particular service unit in hospital which has to be able to respond quickly and effectively in order to achieve the goals of emergency care service and at the same moment to deliver satisfaction to the patients and their families.
The purpose of this research was to know the general picture about the waiting time of cito operations in the Emergency Departement and the factors associated with the time of service to patients who will undergo cito operations.
This type of research was a case study wih a qualitative approach. Data and information regarding the service process were obtained from indepth interviews, focus group discussion, participant observation and document review, while data regarding the service time was gained from recording and calculating the time taken starting from the moment of surgery decision until the moment of the first incision on the operating table.
The result from the research showed that waiting time for the preparation cito operation in the Emergency Departement at Karya Medika I hospital associated with informed concent from the family or the insurance, human resources, and the equipment of operation.
To minimize the waiting time for preparation cito operation in Emergency Departement, Karya Medika I Hospital need to establish policies regarding the handling of patients cito operations, to improve human resource management and procurement of medical equipment systems.
