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Many studies confirm that obesity is associated with the risk of type2 diabetes, but not many longitudinal studies have observed the incidence of obesity in type2 diabetes. This study aims to determine trends and determinant of obesity in type2 diabetes aged 35-65 years in Bogor City. A longitudinal design study using secondary data from Cohort Study of NCD year 2015-2017. Time series analysis for 3 years found that the trend of obesity prevalence in type2 diabetes decreased from 71.6%, 69.1%, to 64.2%. The trend of risk factors for the incidence of obesity, such as energy, fat intake and physical activity, increased significantly in 2017. The reduction in the prevalence of obesity is associated with changes in healthy lifestyle (intentional weight loss) and due to poor glycemic control or other disease (unintentional weight loss). The results of determinant analysis of the incidence of obesity are known in year 2015 fat intake is a dominant factor (OR:4.88; 95% CI:1.48-16.06) also influenced by gender, with carbohydrate intake as a confounder. In 2016 fat intake was a dominant factor (OR:5.71; 95% CI:1.48-22.03) also influenced by carbohydrate intake, with physical activity, stress, smoking habits and gender as a confounder. In 2017 carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor (OR:6.84; 95% CI:2.13- 21.98) with fat intake as a confounder.
The prevalence of overnutrition (overweight and obesity) in patients with hypertension is high in Indonesia. Patients with hypertension in overweight or obese are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine trends and determinants of overnutrition in patients with hypertension age 25-69 years in Bogor City in 2015-2017. This research is a longitudinal study using secondary data from a cohort study of risk factors for non-communicable diseases conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Factors analyzed in relation to the incidence of overnutrition in hypertensive patients are intake of macro nutrients (energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat), physical activity, stress, smoking habits, age, gender, education level and income level. Patients with hypertension had an insignificant increase in BMI during 2015-2017, both in the overnutrition and normal groups. The average intake of macro nutrients (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat) in the overnutrition group had a higher trend than in the normal group. Meanwhile, physical activity in the normal group had a higher trend than in the overnutrition group. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the determinants of overnutrition in hypertensive patients in 2015 were gender after being controlled by carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, physical activity and income. Determinant of overnutrition in hypertensive patients in 2016 is fat intake after being controlled by carbohydrate intake, education and gender. Whereas in 2017, the determinants of overnutrition in hypertensive patients are protein intake and carbohydrate intake after being controlled by fat intake.
Hypertension is a leading cause of death and disability on a global level and is a risk factor for other chronic diseases including ischemic heart disease and kidney failure. This study aimed to assess trends and determinants of hypertension associated with individual characteristics and lifestyle. The design of this research was a longitudinal study with time series analysis utilizing cohort study data of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases 2015-2017 in Bogor. The number of samples in this study were 711 respondents. Bivariate analysis used repeated ANOVA, Friedman and Wilcoxon, oneway ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney and also Chi-square tests. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results of the 2015-2017 study showed that the prevalence of hypertension increased from 31,9% to 45,9%. The increase was also shown in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, sodium intake and physical activity. In this study, it was found that the most dominant factor affecting hypertension status in 2015-2017 was excess carbohydrate intake. Respondents with excess carbohydrate intake had a 5,14-14,58 times risk of developing hypertension compared to those with sufficient carbohydrate intake. Other variables that affect hypertension status were nutritional status, age, gender, protein intake, smoking habits and fat intake
Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, kepatuhan diet, karakteristik individu, faktor psikososial
The level of dietary adherence in Indonesia is still low. Diet in maintaining food is often become an obstacles because the patient is still tempted by all food that can worsen their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was using a cross-sectional design. The samples studied were all type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 with the age range 25-65 years was outpatient, samples were taken with non-random sampling method with purposive sampling of 130 people. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, filling-out questionnaires, 1x24 hour food recall and dan (semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire) SFFQ form. The results showed 13.8% of respondents were diet-compliant. There were significant relationship between gender (p=0.008) and length of suffering (p=0.044) with between dietary adherence. The result of logistic regression test showed that the duration of suffering is the dominant factor associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were expected to pay attention to the diet recommended and carry it out well, to actively to improve the knowledge related to the disease diabetes mellitus and related to the other factors and still preserve diet that has been run for who has long been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary adherence, individual characteristics, psychosocial factors
Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus, kadar glukosa darah, aktivitas fisik, asupan serat
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. High blood levels in diabetics are associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of some organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, nerves, and blood vessels. Blood glucose levels of diabetics can be influenced by various factors such as intake, physical activity, and others. This study aims to see the differences proportion of blood glucose levels in diabetics based on physical activity and other factors. The study was conducted on diabetics at Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu on April 2018. The design of this study is cross-sectional with a total sample of 110 people. Blood glucose levels are known through the medical records of respondents, physical activity and intake are known through physical activity questionnaires (GPAQ) and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). The results showed that 57.3% of diabetics had controlled blood glucose levels. Chisquare test showed that physical activity, medication adherence, fiber intake, duration of disease, and stress have significant differences with blood glucose levels. To increase the rate of controlled blood glucose in diabetics, it is recommended to be educated about physical activity, fiber intake, and management of stress (if necessary) in diabetics.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level, physical activity, fiber intake
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally or to produce enough insulin. Within 5 years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the population aged 15 years and above increased from 6.9% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2018. This study aims to determine the effect of obesity on type 2 DM in Indonesia, with a research design retrospective cohort. The data used comes from IFLS-1 and IFLS-5 with a sample of 4,707 and analyzed using cox regression test. The results of this study showed that 7.4% of the sample had type 2 diabetes. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of obesity and age in 1993 on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in 2014; and there is a relationship between consumption of fast food, consumption of soft drinks, consumption of fruit, physical activity, and area of residence in 2014 with type 2 DM. Meanwhile, consumption of fried snacks, consumption of sweet snacks, consumption of vegetables and nutritional status in 2014, habits smoking in 1993, was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The conclusion of this study is that the nutritional status of obesity has a 5.62 times risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to normal nutritional status after controlling for variables of age, nutritional status in 2014, and the area of residence as confounding.
Background:Obesity has been defined as a global epidemic and triples the risk of death. The impact is not only medically, but also psychologically as well as the disappearance of productivity and economic costs. Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of obesity had reached 21.8%. This prevalence tends to increase after the age of 35 years and above and then decreases after the age of 60 years and over. The main objective of this research is to find out the dominant factors in the incidence of obesity in the Indonesian population aged 36-65 years. Methods:This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data of IFLS 2014. Factors analyzed in relation to the incidence of obesity are age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, income, eating habits of carbohydrates, eating habits protein, eating habits, sources of fat, eating habits, eating habits, heavy physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking physical activity, smoking habits, area of residence, height (stunting). Results:Based on the results of multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression showed determinant factors of obesity are age, sex, education, occupation, income, eating habits of protein, , eating habits of fruit, smoking habits and area of residence. Conclusions: The dominant factor in the incidence of obesity is gender, women have a risk of becoming obese 2,1 times higher than men
