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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of dengue cases internationally and nationally decreased, as did the City of East Jakarta. Thus, East Jakarta City is the city with the highest dengue cases in DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze climate factors at time lag of 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), and 2 (time lag 2) months, population density, and larva free index (LFI) with the incidence of DHF in the city of Jakarta. East before and during the 2018-2021 COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using the average difference test, correlation test, and spatial analysis. Statistically, there is a significant difference in the average incidence rate (IR) of DHF and LFI between 2018-2021 (p = 0.000; p = 0.011). In addition, the correlation test showed a significant relationship between rainfall at time lag 1 (p = 0.002; r = 0.041) and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.651), air temperature at time lag 1 (p = 0.004; r = -0.441), and time lag 2 (p = 0.001; r = -0.48), as well as non-time lag air humidity (p = 0.002; r = 0.429), time lag 1 (p = 0.000; r = 0.668), and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.699) with the incidence of DHF. Spatial and statistically, there was no significant relationship between population density and LFI with the incidence of DHF. Mapping the level of vulnerability to DHF events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, shows that of the 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta City, 1 sub-district experienced an increase in the level of vulnerability to moderate and 2 sub-districts experienced a decrease in the level of vulnerability to low. Matraman sub-districts are classified as high vulnerability. Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, and Ciracas sub-districts are classified as moderate vulnerability. The other 5 sub-districts are classified as low vulnerability. The existence of significant differences in the average ABJ and IR of DHF, the relationship between climatic factors and the incidence of DHF, as well as the high level of vulnerability in some areas, should be considered by the local government to increase efforts to prevent DHF and develop a strategic plan in controlling DHF.
Pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is transmitted from one person to another through droplets that are transmitted through the air. The high number of TB cases can be caused by various factors, one of which is environmental factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between population density, healthy housing coverage, and climate factors (air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) to the proportion smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Surabaya city in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Surabaya City Health Office with time trend ecological study methods and spatial analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between population density (p = 0.000; r = 0.308), healthy house coverage (p = 0.000; r = -0.363), and humidity at a 1 year lag time (p = 0.014; r = 0.949) with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Meanwhile, the air temperature and rainfall factors showed a non-significant relationship with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Based on the spatial analysis map, a clear pattern is found that the high proportion is found in sub-districts that have low coverage of healthy homes, but on the population density factor there is no clear pattern. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent and control pulmonary TB disease, especially in sub-districts that have a high population density and also through efforts to develop optimal healthy homes.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik rumah terhadap kejadian TB Paru BTA Positif di Kota Batam Propinsi Kepulauan Riau tahun 2005. Janis penelitian bersifat kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah orang yang menderita TB Paru dengan BTA positif yang berumur > 15 tahun, sedangkan kontrol adalah tersangka penderita TB Paru (suspek) dengan hasil pemeriksaan sputum BTA negatif yang berumur > 15 tahun yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah Kota Batam. Perbandingan kasus dan kontrol adalah 1 : 1 dengan jumlah sampel untuk kasus sebanyak 100 orang dan kontrol sebanyak 100 orang. Pada kasus dan kontrol dilakukan wawancara, observasi dan pengukuran kualitas lingkungan fisik rumah, karakteristik individu dan keadaan penghuni di rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara peneahayaan (OR=4,4), kelembaban udara (OR=3,6), luas ventilasi (OR=4,9), kepadatan hunian (OR=2,1) dan lama tinggal (OR=4,7) terhadap kejadian TBC Paru BTA positif di Kota Batam tahun 2005. Simpulan menyatakan faktor dominan terhadap kejadian TB Paru BTA positif di Kota Batam tahun 2005 adalah pencahayaan, kelembaban udara, luas ventilasi, kepadatan hunian dan lama tinggal.
This research to know relation of house physical environmental factor toward fast acid positive tuberculosis case at Batam City Riau Archipelago Province 2005. Type of research is case control. Case is people who suffering fast acid positive tuberculosis case more than? 15 years old, while control were patients who suffering tuberculosis (suspect) with inspection result of sputum with fast acid negative tuberculosis case more than > 15 years old who residence at Batam. Comparison of case and control 1 : 1 with 100 cases and control each. The interview was held on both case and control, observation and measurement of house physical environmental quality, individual characteristic and situation of dweller at home. Research result shows the existence of significant relation between illumination (OR=4,4), dampness of air (OR=3,6), wide of ventilation (OR=4,9), density of dwelling (OR=2,1) and long time of residence (OR=4,7) to fast acid positive tuberculosis case at Batam City Riau Archipelago Province 2005. Dominant factors to fast acid positive tuberculosis case at Batam City Riau Archipelago Province.2005 are illumination, dampness of air, wide of ventilation, density of dwelling and long time of residence.
