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Rendy Manuhutu; Pembimbing: Ede Surya Darmawan; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito, Prima Yosephine, Darmawali Handoko
Abstrak:
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COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus yang baru ditemukan dan menjadi sebuah pandemi. COVID-19 dapat menyebar antar negara melalui pelaku perjalanan. Terdapat kasus-kasus importasi varian baru yang merupakan kasus yang berasal dari negara lain dan tertangkap di pintu masuk negara, salah satunya Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Dalam menanggapi permasalahan mengenai kasus importasi pemerintah dapat melakukan upaya cegah tangkal penyakit dan melaksanakan manajemen penemuan kasus pada pelaku perjalanan di Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pelaksanaan manajemen penemuan kasus COVID-19 pada pelaku perjalanan dari luar negeri di Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan data sekunder melalui telaah dokumen. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modifikasi dari Donabedian dan teori pendekatan sistem yaitu struktur, proses, dan output. Hasil penelitian didapatkan SDM kurang dan terbatas sehingga dibutuhkan tenaga tambahan. Sarana prasarana tercukupi atas dukungan dari berbagai pihak namun belum tersedia perangkat deteksi pemeriksaan RT-PCR di pintu masuk. Pendanaan tercukupi dari Dana Siap Pakai BNPB dan revisi anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan. Sistem informasi sudah tersedia, namun belum dapat digunakan maksimal. Koordinasi, jejaring, dan kemitraan sudah berjalan dan dilaksanakan oleh lintas program/lintas sektor. Kebijakan bersifat dinamis dan bersumber dari Kementerian Kesehatan dan Satuan Tugas. Perencanaan berjalan baik terdapat rencana operasi di tingkat nasional dan di Bandara. Pengorganisasian terdapat Satgas COVID-19 baik di tingkat pusat maupun di Bandara. Pelaksanaan berjalan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku. Pengawasan berjalan baik karena adanya alat monitoring Intra Action Review. Pelaku perjalanan yang melakukan karantina/isolasi sebesar 95,5% melakukan karantina dan menyelesaikan masa karantina/isolasi. Penemuan kasus konfirmasi pada pelaku perjalanan sebanyak 1,1% dari total kedatangan. Penemuan Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa implementasi penemuan kasus penting dilakukan untuk penemuan kasus di pintu masuk negara. Rekomendasi penelitian ini yaitu keberhasilan implementasi akan dicapai bila dilakukan evaluasi dan monitoring serta perbaikan dari kekurangan
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered type of coronavirus and has become a pandemic. COVID-19 spreads between countries through travelers. There are importation cases of new variants, originated from other countries and found at the entrance of the country, one of which is Soekarno Hatta Airport. In responding to problems regarding imported cases, the government can make efforts to prevent disease and carry out case finding management for travelers at Soekarno Hatta Airport. This study aims to find out how to implement the COVID-19 case finding management for travelers from abroad at Soekarno-Hatta Airport. This study used a qualitative method with primary data obtained through in-depth interview and secondary data through document review. The theory used in this research is a modification of Donabedian and the theory of systems approach, namely structure, process, and output. The results of the study found that human resources were lacking and limited so that additional personnel is needed. Sufficient infrastructure facilities with the support of various parties, but the RT-PCR examination detection device is not available at the entrance. Sufficient funding from the BNPB Ready to Use Fund and the revised budget of the Ministry of Health. The information system is already available, but cannot be used optimally. Coordination, networking, and partnerships have been running and implemented across programs/cross sectors. The policy are dynamic and sourced from the Ministry of Health and the Task Force. Planning is going well, there are operational plans at the national level and at the airport. Organizing, there is a COVID-19 Task Force both at the central level and at the airport. Implementation is carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. Supervision went well because of the Intra Action Review monitoring tool. 95.5% of travelers who carry out quarantine/isolation followed quarantine and complete the quarantine/isolation period. 1.1% confirmation cases found in travelers of the total arrivals. The conclusion is that the implementation of case finding is important to do case finding at the Point of Entry. The recommendation of this research is that successful implementation will be achieved if evaluation and monitoring are carried out as well as improvement of deficiencies
T-6139
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Emilia Arina; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Penguji: Wahyu Sulistiadi, Adang Bachtiar, Tunggul Birowo, Rico Mardiansyah
Abstrak:
Kasus COVID-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Indonesia merupakan imported cases. Untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan kasus importasi COVID-19, maka Kementerian Kesehatan mengeluarkan kebijakan terkait protokol kesehatan dalam penanganan kedatangan penumpang dari luar negeri dalam bentuk surat edaran Menkes pada bulan Mei 2020. Periode Mei hingga September 2020 ditemukan 704 penumpang yang hasil RDT reaktif terhadap COVID-19 dari 29840 penumpang di Bandara Soetta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan analisis implementasi kebijakan protokol kesehatan penanganan penumpang dari luar negeri dalam pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 oleh KKP Kelas I Soekarno Hatta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik kualitatif dengan perspektif teori implementasi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan protokol kesehatan penanganan penumpang dari luar negeri tidak berjalan dengan efektif dimana masih terdapat permasahan yang ditemukan di lapangan yaitu sasaran kebijakan yang tidak mematuhi persyaratan yang diminta untuk masuk ke Indonesia dan tidak melakukan pengisian eHAC. Peneliti menyarankan agar mempertimbangkan membuat aturan yang lebih tinggi kekuatan hukummnya dari Surat Edaran sehingga bisa mengatur sanksi bagi penumpang yang tidak patuh. Selain itu perlu meningkatkan pengawasan dan komitmen bersama antara lintas sektor serta pengembangan aplikasi eHAC untuk bisa melakukan validasi hasil PCR secara digital, tracking penumpang dan mengklasifikasikan risiko infeksi dari wisatawan berdasarkan riwayat perjalanan dan asal penerbangan.
The first cases of COVID-19 found in Indonesia were imported cases. To prevent and control it, the Ministry of Health issued a policy related to health protocols in handling passenger arrivals from abroad in the form of a circular in May 2020. From May to September 2020, were found 704 passengers that RDT results were reactive to COVID-19. The purpose of this thesis research is to analyze the implementation of health protocol policies for handling passengers from abroad in preventing the spread of COVID-19 by Soekarno Hatta Port Health Office. This research is a qualitative analytic research with the perspective of policy implementation theory. The results found that the implementation of the health protocol policy not working effectively because there were still found problems in the field. There are still policy targets that do not comply with the requirements to enter Indonesia. Researchers suggest to consider making higher legal force regulations than the circular letter, so can regulate sanctions for passengers who do not obey.In additions, it is necessary to increase supervision and commitment between sectors and develop eHAC applications to digitally validate PCR results, classify the risk of infection from tourists based on travel history and passenger tracking
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The first cases of COVID-19 found in Indonesia were imported cases. To prevent and control it, the Ministry of Health issued a policy related to health protocols in handling passenger arrivals from abroad in the form of a circular in May 2020. From May to September 2020, were found 704 passengers that RDT results were reactive to COVID-19. The purpose of this thesis research is to analyze the implementation of health protocol policies for handling passengers from abroad in preventing the spread of COVID-19 by Soekarno Hatta Port Health Office. This research is a qualitative analytic research with the perspective of policy implementation theory. The results found that the implementation of the health protocol policy not working effectively because there were still found problems in the field. There are still policy targets that do not comply with the requirements to enter Indonesia. Researchers suggest to consider making higher legal force regulations than the circular letter, so can regulate sanctions for passengers who do not obey.In additions, it is necessary to increase supervision and commitment between sectors and develop eHAC applications to digitally validate PCR results, classify the risk of infection from tourists based on travel history and passenger tracking
T-6275
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Puteri Asma Dewi; Pembimbing: Dumilah Ayuningtyas; Penguji: Mardiati Nadjib, Adang Bachtiar, Fajar Arianti, Amila Megraini
Abstrak:
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Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi tantangan global. Tuberkulosis dengan Resistan Obat menjadi tantangan serius bagi pengendalian kasus tuberkulosis di Indonesia. Insiden TB yang meningkat menjadi salah satu dasar diterapkannya deteksi cepat TB menggunkan pemeriksaan biomolekuler yaitu dengan tes cepat molekuler. Dengan adanya alat TCM diharapkan dapat membantu penemuan diagnosa TB yang cepat dan dapat mengidentifikasi resistansi terhadap rifampisin secara simultan, sehingga inisiasi dini terapi yang akurat dapat diberikan dan dapat mengurangi insiden TB secara umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan case study yang bertujuan melihat bagaimana peristiwa dapat berjalan serta mengeksplorasi isu atau kasus dengan menggunakan kasus tersebut sebagai ilustrasi spesifik. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi pemanfaatan alat dengan tes cepat molekuler dalam penemuan kasus TB resistan obat untuk itu diperlukan komitmen dalam menanggulangi masalah TB Resistan Obat yaitu dengan memastikan akses dan pemanfaatn alat TCM secara optimal dengan membangun sistem trasportasi spesimen, proses pencatatan dan pelaporan sesuai dengan kebijakan serta memfasilitasi pembentukan jejaring rujukan dalam pemanfaatan alat Tes Cepat Molekuler di Puskemas Pancoran Mas Kota Depok. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya kolaborasi antar pemerintah dan swasta dengan memperkuat District Public Private Mix dalam penemuan kasus serta teritegrasinya proses pencatatan dan pelaporan baik untuk fasilitas kesehatan ke rumah sakit rujukan.
Tuberculosis is a public health problem which is a global challenge. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis is a serious challenge for controlling tuberculosis cases in Indonesia. The increasing incidence of TB is one of the bases for implementing rapid detection of TB using biomolecular examinations, namely the molecular rapid test. With the existence of TCM tools, it is expected to be able to assist in the rapid discovery of TB diagnoses and to be able to identify resistance to rifampicin simultaneously, so that early initiation of accurate therapy can be given and can reduce the incidence of TB in general. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach that aims to see how events can proceed and explore issues or cases by using the case as a specific illustration. The results of this study are evaluating the use of tools with rapid molecular tests in the detection of drug-resistant TB cases, therefore, a commitment is needed in overcoming the problem of drug-resistant TB, namely by ensuring optimal access and use of TCM tools by building a specimen transport system, recording and reporting processes in accordance with policy and facilitate the establishment of a referral network in the use of the Molecular Rapid Test at Puskesmas Pancoran Mas, Depok. The conclusion in this study is the need for collaboration between the government and the private sector by strengthening the District Public Private Mix in case finding and the integration of the recording and reporting processes for both health facilities to referral hospitals.
T-5847
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Putri Suryani Utami; Pembimbing: Septiara Putri; Penguji: Puput Oktamianti, Lita Dwi Astari
Abstrak:
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Krisis ketidakseimbangan antara permintaan dan pasokan tenaga perawat di pasar kesehatan global menjadi perhatian, termasuk di Indonesia. Saat ini tenaga perawat Indonesia mengalami surplus, yakni sebanyak 2.298 perawat secara nasional, dan diprediksi akan terus meningkat di tahun-tahun mendatang. Di samping itu, hampir seluruh Puskesmas (99.9%) sudah memiliki perawat yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Berdasarkan demand, saat ini terdapat 23.579 job order, namun hanya 20,4% penempatan tenaga perawat Indonesia di pasar global yang telah terpenuhi. Tantangan seperti kualifikasi yang tidak sesuai, kesulitan adaptasi budaya, ketahanan mental, karir stagnan, deskilling, dan brain waste bertentangan dengan tujuan Permenkes 37/2015 tentang Pendayagunaan Tenaga Kesehatan Indonesia ke Luar Negeri. Permenkes ini belum menjelaskan detail pendayagunaan sebelum dan pasca migrasi serta matriks peranan stakeholder. Analisis menggunakan teori Van Meter dan Van Horn (1975) melalui wawancara mendalam menunjukkan tujuan kebijakan mencakup alih ilmu, peningkatan profesionalisme, dan penyediaan lapangan kerja. Sumber daya dan komunikasi antar badan pelaksana memadai, namun peran pemerintah daerah dalam diseminasi informasi dan pelatihan perlu ditingkatkan. Disposisi badan pelaksana positif, namun kinerja kebijakan belum optimal, terbukti dari belum terpenuhinya job order, alih ilmu pengetahuan yang belum optimal, dan belum adanya payung hukum pendayagunaan pasca migrasi. Kemenkes berupaya meningkatkan kinerja dengan menyiapkan tenaga perawat berkualifikasi dan merinci pendayagunaan dalam revisi Permenkes 37/2015. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan optimalisasi koordinasi antara Kemenkes dan stakeholder lainnya seperti Kemdikbud, BP2MI, Pemerintah Daerah, Kemlu, dan Kemnaker.
The imbalance crisis between the demand and supply of nursing personnel in the global healthcare market is a concern, including in Indonesia. Currently, Indonesia is experiencing a surplus of nurses, amounting to 2,298 nurses nationally, and this number is predicted to continue to increase in the coming years. Moreover, almost all Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) (99.9%) already have nurses spread throughout Indonesia. Based on demand, there are currently 23,579 job orders, but only 20.4% of the placement of Indonesian nurses in the global market has been fulfilled. Challenges such as mismatched qualifications, cultural adaptation difficulties, mental resilience, career stagnation, deskilling, and brain waste contradict the objectives of Permenkes 37/2015 regarding the Utilization of Indonesian Health Workers Abroad. This regulation does not detail the utilization before and after migration, nor the stakeholder role matrix. An analysis using the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) through in-depth interviews shows that policy objectives include knowledge transfer, professionalism enhancement, and job creation. Resources and communication between implementing bodies are adequate, but the role of local governments in information dissemination and training needs to be enhanced. The disposition of the implementing bodies is positive, but policy performance has not been optimal, as evidenced by the unfulfilled job orders, suboptimal knowledge transfer, and the absence of a legal framework for post-migration utilization. The Ministry of Health is working to improve performance by preparing qualified nurses and detailing utilization in the revision of Permenkes 37/2015. This study recommends optimizing coordination between the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education and Culture, BP2MI, Local Governments, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Manpower.
S-11695
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rita Warsihayati D; Pembimbing: Suprijanto Rijadi; Penguji: Sumarti, Indang Trihandini, Enny Budijani, Ratna Sarti
Abstrak:
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Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian anak umur di bawah 5 tahun. Perkiraan kematian yang disebabkan batuk dan nafas cepat sebesar 6 permil. Program pemberantasan penyakit ISPA diupayakan untuk mengurangi kematian karena pneumonia. Penatalaksanaan kasus pneumonia oleh petugas menggunakan tata laksanana ISPA. Keberhasilan upaya program P2 ISPA merupakan daya ungkit penurunan kematian karena ISPA.. Secara teori target penemuan kasus pneumonia adalah 10 % dari jumlah balita. Penemuan kasus pneumonia didukung oleh tenaga kesehatan terlatih penatalaksanaan ISPA dan sarana penemuan kasus pneumonia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia di Puskesmas, diantaranya faktor tenaga, sarana dan manajemen.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 33 puskesmas atau total populasi di Kabupaten Bekasi. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner dan data sekunder dari data hasil cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia tahun 2001. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan komputer menggunakan perangkat lunak Epi Info dan perangkat lunak statistik lainnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia di 75,8 % puskesmas adalah kurang. Secara proporsional faktor tenaga yang kurang, berada pada puskesmas dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia kurang. Begitu pula faktor sarana yang kurang, berada pada puskesmas dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia yang kurang. Sementara faktor manajemen, bila dilihat satu per satu yaitu pembuatan rencana kerja tahunan, staff meeting, bimbingan teknis dan evaluasi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia.Penelitian ini hendaknya dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan penajaman kuesioner atau observasi serta melihat faktor lain melalui pendekatan individu sehingga didapatkan gambaran yang utuh mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia.
Correlation Factors of Number of Pneumonia Case Finding in Public Health Center in Bekasi District for year 2001Pneumonia is the one of cause of death in under five children. The estimated of death caused by cough and rapid breath are sixth per miles. The Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Program is an effort to reduce of death caused by pneumonia. The management of pneumonia by health worker is using the management of ARI. The aim of ARI Program is to decrease the death caused by ARI. Theoretically, the target of pneumonia case finding is 10 % from the number of under five children. The pneumonia case finding is done by specially trainee health workers in ARI management. The aim of this research is to know about the factors correlated with the number of pneumonia case finding in public health center, including human factor, equipment factor and management factor.The research is designed with descriptive analysis by cross sectional on 33 Public Health Center (PHC) as samples which are similar with total PHC District Bekasi. Primary data was collected trough interviewing respondent with questioner; secondary data was collected from annual report of the number of pneumonia case finding in Bekasi District 2001. The data was analyzed using to Epi Info software and related statistical software.The result of this research indicated that the prevalence of pneumonia found in PHC 75,8 % was considered as under reported. Proportionally, it trained health worker shows that the lower the number of pneumonia case found in PHC. Also, PHC having less equipment has lower number of pneumonia case found. Analysis on individual management factors including annual planning, staff meeting, technical assistance, and evaluation, shows no impact on the number of pneumonia case finding.This research must be followed up by qualitative research using more accurate questioner or observation and other factors with individual approach to get the complete picture about factors correlated with the number of pneumonia case finding.
T-1330
Depok : FKM-UI, 2002
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Octiany Puji Lestari; Pembimbing: Jaslis Ilyas; Penguji: Vetty Yuliantiy Permanasari, Wahyu Renggani
Abstrak:
Terjaminnya ketersediaan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung keberhasilan program penanggulangan TB nasional dengan target Indonesia Bebas TB di tahun 2030. Ketersediaan OAT lini pertama di fasilitas layanan kesehatan tingkat pertama dapat terwujud melalui serangkaian kegiatan manajemen logistik yang dilaksanakan berjenjang oleh Puskesmas, Suku Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi sampai tingkat pusat Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Dari penelitian ini diperoleh: 1) Input SDM untuk perencanaan, penyimpanan serta distribusi OAT lini pertama telah sesuai pedoman yang berlaku. Meskipun dalam fungsi dan proses perencanan di Sudinkes Jakarta Barat lebih dijalankan oleh Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta. 2). Pembiayaan fungsi perencanaan terintegrasi dengan agenda pekerjaan pengelola TB dan mitra kerja sedangkan untuk penyimpanan dan distribusi didukung oleh pembiayaan yang terdapat di bagian umum ataupun tata usaha di setiap institusi. 3) Dokumen pendukung yang perlu perbaikan; BAST distribusi OAT lini pertama ke Suku Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Barat, dan catatan pembersihan gudang serta monitoring pest control. 4). Petunjuk Teknis Pengelolaan Logistik TB yang diterbitkan tahun 2017 belum menjadi rujukan oleh Sudinkes Jakarta Barat dan fasyankes dibawahnya. 5). Sarana dan prasarana fungsi penyimpanan sudah memadai meskipun belum semuanya tersedia baik di gudang Sudinkes Jakarta Barat maupun Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk. 6) SITT digunakan sebagai sumber informasi data kasus TB untuk perencanaan. 7) Tidak ada perbedaan alur proses penyimpanan OAT lini pertama baik di Puskesmas maupun Sudinkes Jakarta Barat. 8) Ketidaktersediaan OAT kategori kombipak di Puskesmas Kebon Jeruk, dan persediaan OAT kategori anak terbatas. Saran peneliti terkait keseluruhan pengelolaan logistik adalah; 1) Pelibatan SDM hingga Suku Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Barat (bottom up) dalam proses perencanaan, 2). Mempercepat pengusulan pembuatan Keputusan Gubernur DKI mengenai distribusi BMHP (Bahan Medis Habis Pakai) menggunakan SBBK. 2) Dinas Kesehatan dan Suku Dinas Kesehatan disarankan untuk menyediakan anggaran dalam rangka peningkatan pemenuhan standar gudang penyimpanan obat.
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S-10082
Depok : FKM-UI, 2019
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ummu Mar`atul Udzma; Pembimbing: Anhari Achadi; Penguji: Wahyu Sulistiadi, Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Dina Nurdjannah, Dicky Alsadik
Abstrak:
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Penyebab bayi dengan HIV sebagian besar terjadi karena penularan dari ibunya. Ibu hamil dengan HIV dapat menularkan virus kepada bayinya selama proses kehamilan, persalinan atau saat menyusui. Pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak (PPIA) merupakan intervensi yang sangat efektif untuk mencegah penularan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi program pencegahan penularan penyakit HIV dari ibu ke anak (PPIA) di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Johar Baru Jakarta Pusat tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara wawancara dan telaahan dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu perlu adanya komitmen dalam menanggulangi masalah HIV dalam pelaksanaan program pencegahan penularan penyakit HIV dari ibu ke anak dengan meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada sasaran program yakni ibu hamil, pelatihan untuk SDM pelaksana program, peningkatan kualitas kegiatan konseling pra-tes dan pasca tes tentang HIV/AIDS, pengintegrasian pencatatan dan pelaporan serta penjadwalan monitoring dan evalusi yang lebih jelas. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu komunikasi, dana, standar operasional prosedur, sumber daya manusia, dan fasilitas mempengaruhi pelaksanaan proses pelayanan PPIA yang meliputi kegiatan konseling pra-tes dan pasca tes tentang HIV/AIDS, skrining HIV pada Ibu hamil, mekanisme rujukan, pencatatan dan pelaporan, serta kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi. Seluruh proses tersebut memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketercapaian cakupan tes HIV kepada semua Ibu hamil
The cause of babies with HIV is mostly due to transmission from their mother. Pregnant women with HIV can pass the virus to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth or while breastfeeding. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is a very effective intervention to prevent such transmission. This study aims to understand the implementation of the prevention program of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Puskesmas Cempaka Putih and Puskesmas Johar Baru Central Jakarta 2020. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing and reviewing documents. The results of this study are that there needs to be a commitment to tackling the problem of HIV in the implementation of prevention programs for HIV transmission from mother to child by increasing socialization to program targets, namely pregnant women, training for program implementing human resources, improving the quality of pre-test and post-test counseling activities about HIV/AIDS, the integration of recording and reporting as well as a clearer scheduling of monitoring and evaluation. The conclusion of this study is that communication, funds, standard operating procedures, human resources, and facilities affect the implementation of the PMTCT service process which includes pre-test and post-test counseling activities about HIV/AIDS, HIV screening for pregnant women, referral mechanisms, recording and reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation activities. The entire process has an impact on the achievement of HIV testing coverage for all pregnant women
T-6053
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Erlin Friska; Pembimbing: Helen Andriani; Penguji: Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Pujiyanto, Novita Setiyanti, Amirati Dwishinta Widhiasri Widjajanto
Abstrak:
Pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Kudus telah berkomitmen untuk percepatan pencegahan kasus stunting dan berupaya dalam mewujudkan Kudus zero stunting dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Bupati Kudus No. 53 tahun 2020 tentang Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting di Kabupaten Kudus. Namun pelaksanaan konvergensi di Kabupaten Kudus belum berjalan optimal. Hasil rapat kerja penilaian aksi konvergensi pencegaham stunting terintegrasi di Jawa Tengah tahun 2020, kapasitas pelaksanaan analisis situasi dan inputing serta kualitas analisis situasi dengan keterlibatan lintas sektor di Kabupaten Kudus belum optimal, rembug stunting belum dilakukan secara intensif, dan belum adanya regulasi untuk memperkuat publikasi pencegahan stunting. Selain itu pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan adanya refocusing anggaran dari pelayanan dan program yang lain termasuk pencegahan stunting. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan percepatan pencegahan stunting pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada informan dan telaah dokumen dengan framework Edward III meliputi variabel komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi dan Van Meter dan Van Horn meliputi variabel lingkungan ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Informan penelitian yaitu perwakilan dari perangkat daerah yang tergabung dalam tim percepatan pencegahan stunting pada tingkat kabupaten, kecamatan, maupun desa/kelurahan serta Kader Pembangunan Manusia (KPM). Penelitian dilakukan bulan April hingga Mei 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sudah berjalan namun intervensi gizi sensitif belum maksimal, komunikasi yang dilakukan terbatas dikarenakan kondisi pandemi COVID-19, sumber daya yang tersedia cukup memadai, terdapat panduan kebijakan yang telah diketahui dan dipahami oleh pelaksana kebijakan, koordinasi yang terjalin belum optimal, lingkungan ekonomi dan sosial yang belum cukup mendukung dan lingkungan politik cukup mendukung kebijakan. Kesimpulannya implementasi kebijakan percepatan pencegahan stunting pada masa pandemi COVID-19 belum berjalan dengan optimal dengan masih adanya kendala pada variabel sumber daya manusia, koordinasi, serta lingkungan ekonomi dan sosial. Dengan demikian pelaksanaan konvergensi masih perlu ditingkatkan dengan melaksanakan kegiatan secara koordinatif antar lembaga. Sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tetap digencarkan agar tujuan kebijakan dapat tercapai. Diperlukan adanya penyesuaian kebijakan dengan Perpres terbaru tantang percepatan penurunan stunting.
The local government of Kudus Regency has committed to accelerating the handling of stunting cases and is trying to realize Kudus zero stunting by issuing Regional Regulation Number 53/2020 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention in Kudus Regency. However, the implementation of convergence in Kudus has not run optimally. The results of the work meeting on the assessment of the integrated stunting prevention convergence action in Central Java in 2020, the capacity for implementing situation analysis and inputting as well as the quality of situation analysis with cross-sectoral involvement in Kudus Regency has not been optimal, the stunting discussion has not been carried out intensively, and there are no regulations to strengthen publications of stunting prevention. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a refocusing of the budget from other services and programs, including stunting prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kudus Regency. This research is qualitative research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and document review with the Edward III framework covering the variables of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure and Van Meter and Van Horn covering variables of the economic, social and political environment. Research informants are representatives from regional apparatus who are members of the stunting prevention acceleration team at the district, sub-district, and village/kelurahan levels as well as the Human Development Cadre (KPM). The study was conducted from April to May 2022. The results show that policy implementation has been running but sensitive nutrition interventions have not been maximized, communication is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the available resources are adequate, and there are policy guidelines that are known and understood by policy implementers, coordination is not optimal. , the economic and social environment is not yet sufficiently supportive and the political environment is sufficiently supportive of policies. In conclusion, the implementation of the policy to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic has not run optimally, with constraints on human resource variables, coordination, as well as the economic and social environment. Thus, the implementation of convergence still needs to be improved by carrying out activities in a coordinated manner between institutions. Socialization to the community continues to be intensified so that policy objectives can be achieved. This policy need to be adjusted with the latest Presidential Regulation on accelerating stunting reduction.
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The local government of Kudus Regency has committed to accelerating the handling of stunting cases and is trying to realize Kudus zero stunting by issuing Regional Regulation Number 53/2020 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention in Kudus Regency. However, the implementation of convergence in Kudus has not run optimally. The results of the work meeting on the assessment of the integrated stunting prevention convergence action in Central Java in 2020, the capacity for implementing situation analysis and inputting as well as the quality of situation analysis with cross-sectoral involvement in Kudus Regency has not been optimal, the stunting discussion has not been carried out intensively, and there are no regulations to strengthen publications of stunting prevention. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a refocusing of the budget from other services and programs, including stunting prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kudus Regency. This research is qualitative research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and document review with the Edward III framework covering the variables of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure and Van Meter and Van Horn covering variables of the economic, social and political environment. Research informants are representatives from regional apparatus who are members of the stunting prevention acceleration team at the district, sub-district, and village/kelurahan levels as well as the Human Development Cadre (KPM). The study was conducted from April to May 2022. The results show that policy implementation has been running but sensitive nutrition interventions have not been maximized, communication is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the available resources are adequate, and there are policy guidelines that are known and understood by policy implementers, coordination is not optimal. , the economic and social environment is not yet sufficiently supportive and the political environment is sufficiently supportive of policies. In conclusion, the implementation of the policy to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic has not run optimally, with constraints on human resource variables, coordination, as well as the economic and social environment. Thus, the implementation of convergence still needs to be improved by carrying out activities in a coordinated manner between institutions. Socialization to the community continues to be intensified so that policy objectives can be achieved. This policy need to be adjusted with the latest Presidential Regulation on accelerating stunting reduction.
T-6476
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sarah At Tauhidah; Pembimbing: Adang Bachtiar; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Dakhlan Choeron, Dewi Damayanti
Abstrak:
Permasalahan gizi di Indonesia masih merupakan pekerjaan rumah yang besar, dimana menurut Riskesdas tahun 2018 menunjukkan 17,7% balita di Indonesia masih bermasalah dengan status gizinya. Pada tahun 2020, pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi berdampak secara langsung terhadap pelayanan kesehatan, salah satunya pelayanan gizi. Dengan berbagai regulasi maupun kebijakan yang bergulir di masa pandemi, salah satunya pembatasan pelayanan, evaluasi pada pelaksanaannya harus ada dan sigap untuk disikapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi pelayanan gizi pada bayi dan balita di masa pandemi Covid-19 di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Cinere. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Kerangka konsep mengacu pada model proses implementasi kebijakan Van Matter dan Van Horn dengan pendekatan critical thinking analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja implementasi pelayanan gizi pada bayi dan balita belum terlaksana dengan optimal. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan masalah gizi yang cukup signifikan di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Cinere selama masa pandemi. Selain itu mayoritas programnya pun belum memenuhi capaian target tahunan. Hasil analisa kausalitas di masing-masing variabel ditemukan jika ketakutan dan kekhawatiran ibu, kurangnya sumber daya, baik tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarana, serta kurangnya pemahaman para pelaksana merupakan faktor paling menonjol yang mempengaruhinya. Namun dengan segala keterbatasan yang ada, Kader Posyandu Pangkalan Jati Baru dinilai sebagai pelaku positive deviance dan Posyandu Keliling sebagai creative action yang selanjutnya memungkinkan untuk diaplikasikan di daerah lain. Penelitian ini menghasilkan 3 rekomendasi utama. Untuk jangka pendek, rekomendasi rekruitmen tenaga kesehatan. Untuk jangka menengah, rekomendasi pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Untuk jangan Panjang, rekomendasi pembangunan penambahan Puskesmas baru (Unit Pelaksana Fungsional)
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T-6065
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dyah Ayu Giandhari; Pembimbing: Puput Oktamianti; Penguji: Martya Rahmaniati Makful, Mieska Despitasari
Abstrak:
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Meskipun Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah meningkatkan akses layanan kesehatan di Indonesia, hambatan seperti ketimpangan fasilitas, keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan, dan rendahnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap layanan domestik masih terjadi. Hal ini mendorong sebagian masyarakat untuk mencari layanan kesehatan ke luar negeri, yang diperkirakan menyebabkan potensi kerugian devisa negara hingga Rp165 triliun per tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan jenis layanan kesehatan luar negeri berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Desain yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif potong lintang dengan cakupan 38 provinsi. Dalam tiga tahun terakhir, medical check-up menjadi layanan yang paling banyak dipilih, disusul tindakan bedah dan pengobatan lainnya. Faktor predisposisi seperti umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, tingkat pendidikan, dan status pekerjaan tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan. Sebaliknya, faktor pendukung seperti kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, kelengkapan fasilitas layanan, dan negara tujuan berobat memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Faktor kebutuhan berupa riwayat penyakit tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan terhadap jenis layanan yang dipilih. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya pengembangan layanan unggulan nasional berdasarkan jenis layanan yang diminati masyarakat, peningkatan mutu layanan preventif, penguatan integrasi layanan kesehatan, serta perluasan layanan berbasis wellness di dalam negeri.
Despite improvements in healthcare access through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, Indonesia continues to face challenges such as uneven distribution of facilities, limited healthcare professionals, and low public trust in domestic services. These conditions have led many Indonesians to seek medical care abroad, resulting in an estimated foreign exchange loss of up to IDR 165 trillion per year. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the types of overseas health services chosen by Indonesians using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied, covering 38 provinces. Over the past three years, medical check-ups were the most frequently selected service, followed by surgical procedures and other treatments. Predisposing factors, including age, gender, marital status, education level, and employment status, showed no significant relationship. In contrast, enabling factors such as health insurance ownership, availability of complete facilities, and destination country were significantly associated with service type. Need factors, particularly medical history, were not significantly related. These findings highlight the need to develop nationally prioritized services, improve preventive care quality, strengthen health service integration, and expand wellness-based services.
Despite improvements in healthcare access through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, Indonesia continues to face challenges such as uneven distribution of facilities, limited healthcare professionals, and low public trust in domestic services. These conditions have led many Indonesians to seek medical care abroad, resulting in an estimated foreign exchange loss of up to IDR 165 trillion per year. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the types of overseas health services chosen by Indonesians using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied, covering 38 provinces. Over the past three years, medical check-ups were the most frequently selected service, followed by surgical procedures and other treatments. Predisposing factors, including age, gender, marital status, education level, and employment status, showed no significant relationship. In contrast, enabling factors such as health insurance ownership, availability of complete facilities, and destination country were significantly associated with service type. Need factors, particularly medical history, were not significantly related. These findings highlight the need to develop nationally prioritized services, improve preventive care quality, strengthen health service integration, and expand wellness-based services.
S-12089
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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