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COVID-19 is a global health problem. Clinical manifestations are asymptomatic to death. This study aims to determine the risk factors for death of COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta Province. The study design was a retrospective cohort using secondary data from the Epidemiological Investigation Form at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office (2 March - 20 December 2020). The sample is a confirmed patient of COVID-19 based on RT-PCR, age 18 years, the last condition recorded: alive or dead, recorded at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, and comes from the DKI Jakarta Province. Patients who were self-isolating and being treated were excluded from this study. Cox regression analysis of 100,540 samples showed that the variables that increased the risk of death of COVID-19 patients were male (RR = 1.28 [95% CI: 1.11-1.47]; p = 0.001), age 40-59 years (RR = 5.62 [95% CI: 4.37-7.23]; p<0.001), age 60 years (RR = 12.99 [95% CI: 10.03-16.81]; p<0.001), shortness of breath (RR = 2.50 [CI 95%: 2.06-3.03]; p<0.001), pneumonia (RR = 5.39 [CI95%: 4.14-6.59]; p0).
The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 and its spread in various countries occurred quite quickly and in a short time. As of May 4, 2021, the total global confirmed cases of COVID-19 were 152,534,452 with 3,198,528 deaths. The Indonesian government has reported 1,682,004 people with confirmed COVID-19, the highest in Southeast Asia. A total of 45,949 COVID-19-related deaths were reported, with a CFR of 2.7%. Deaths from COVID-19 in Indonesia are ranked 2nd in Asia and 17th in the world. A case-control study was conducted using medical records of COVID-19 patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan for the period March 2020-December 2020. This study describes the characteristics and identifies factors associated with death in COVID-19 patients. The results of the study through multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was an increased risk of death at age 60 years (OR = 5,495, 95% CI: 2,398-12,591), fever (OR = 4,441, 95% CI: 1,401-14,077), shortness of breath. breath (OR=8,310, 95% CI: 3,415-20,220), history of hypertension (OR=2,454, 95% CI: 1.159-5,196), history of chronic kidney disease (OR=10,460 times, 95% CI: 3.282-33,331) history of cancer (OR=16,137, 95% CI: 2,798-96,147) in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2020
Introduction: Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) mortality. Aim of this study is to determine the association of comorbid diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in DKI Jakarta for period March-August 2020, after being controlled with confounding variables. Methode: The study design is a retrospective cohort. The inclusion criteria are confirmed cases of COVID-19 with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reported to the DKI Jakarta provincial health office, with complete variables. Exclusion criteria is pregnant women. Of the total 41,008 cases in the Jakarta provincial health office's COVID-19 report, there are 30,641 cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1,480 samples in this study are taken from all (740) COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM and 740 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM which are taken through simple random sampling of 29,901 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM. The data were analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression. The study result indicates that the crude association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases is Crude Hazard Ratio (CHR) 7,4 (95% CI 4,5-12,3, pValue < 0,001). While association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases after being controlled by covariates (hypertensive comorbidities and age groups (> 50 years and < 50 years) is 3.9 (95% CI 2.2- 6.8, p Value <0.001), which means that COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM have a 3.9 times risk of death. Discussion: The results of this study are in line with other studies that indicate DM co- morbidities increase the risk of death from COVID-19. To reduce the incidence of death in COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM, a strategy for preventing and treating COVID- 19 with triage and special attention is needed for rapid and prompt management and monitoring for COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM.
There are an estimated 120 million cases of pneumonia every year worldwide, resultingin as many as 1.3 million deaths. Every year pneumonia is always ranked as the leadingcause of death of infants and toddlers in Indonesia. This study aims to determine thefactors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants (12-59 months) in DKIJakarta Province. The study used secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. The researchdesign used was cross sectional. The results showed the proportion of the incidence ofpneumonia in toddlers was 5.7%. There is no statistically significant relationship betweentoddler characteristics and mother characteristics with the incidence of pneumonia. Theproportion of pneumonia is higher in toddlers aged 25-59 months (OR = 1.852), male(OR = 1.2), complete measles immunization status (OR = 1,448), complete DPT-HB-HiBimmunization status (OR = 1.069), complete vitamin A status (OR = 1.189), and havehighly educated mothers (OR = 1.779). Therefore it is necessary to develop a pneumoniaprevention program for toddlers based on these risk factors, as well as counseling to thecommunity especially mothers and other closest people who is taking care of toddlersabout the symptoms and prevention of pneumoniaKey words:Pneumonia, toddlers, DKI Jakarta.
Tuberkulosis sensitif obat (TB SO) salah satu penyakit infeksius penyebab kematian utama dunia. Terjadi peningkatan kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status bekerja, klasifikasi lokasi anatomi, klasifikasi riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV dengan kematian pasien TB SO selama masa pengobatan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode : Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif dengan metode analisis survival Kaplan meier. Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan proporsi kematian pasien sebesar 4,5% dengan probabilitas kesintasan mencapai 90,1%. Faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kematian pasien adalah usia >40 tahun (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2,3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1,925-2,629), jenis kelamin laki-laki (HR 1,2; 95% CI 1,047-1,396), pasien kambuh dan lainnya (HR 2,8; 95% CI 2,351-3,339), memiliki komorbid DM (HR 1,4; 95% CI 1,159-1,598), dan status positif HIV (HR 4,7; 95% CI 3,879-5,623). Kesimpulan : Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV merupakan faktor kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Saran berupa dilakukan audit penyebab kematian dan peningkatan standar prosedur layanan oleh pihak Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi direkomendasikan.
Drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB SO) is one of the world's leading causes of death. There has been an increase in the deaths of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of age, gender, work status, anatomical location classification, treatment history classification, DM comorbidities, and HIV status on the death of TB SO patients during the treatment period in DKI Jakarta Province. Methods: The study design of this research was a retrospective cohort with the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method. Results: The results showed that the proportion of patient deaths was 4.5% with survival probability was 90.1%. Factors of death were age >40 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.925-2.629), male gender (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.047-1.396), patient relapse and others ( HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.351-3.339), having comorbid DM (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.159-1.598), and HIV positive (HR 4.7; 95% CI 3.879-5.623). Conclusion: Age, gender, treatment history, comorbid DM, and HIV status are death factors of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Suggestions in the form of an audit of the causes of death and improving standard service procedures by the Provincial Health Service are recommended.
