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Long term contraceptive method effective in controlling fertility but the usage islower than other methods. This study aims to determine the relationship betweenperception of the characteristic of long term contraceptive method and using oflong term contraceptive method in Tuban, East Java. This research used the dataof Operational Research on Family Planning to Improve Contraceptive MethodMix in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara Province held by Center for HealthResearch University of Indonesia, with sample size of 1.370 subjects. Statisticaltest used was multiple logistic regressions. The subject is women of childbearingage who used contraception method. Perception of long term contraceptivemethod associated with using of long term contraceptive method among womenof childbearing age in Tuban (p= <0,005 POR= 4,64 CI 95%= 2,74-7,86).Logistic regression analysis showed that perception associated with the use oflong term contraceptive method after controlled by decision-making andinteraction between decision making and perception of long term contraceptivemethod.Keywords: contraception, long term contraceptive method, perception.
Background: Indonesia faces population problems such as a high number and rate of population growth with a total fertility rate (TFR) which is bigger than ASEAN average and ideal standard of TFR. The utilization of contraception, especially LAPMs, is one of program to ensure the implementation of family planning program. However, based on the results of the 2017 IDHS, there was only 13.4% of women used LAPMs. And from year to year, the utilization of contraception in Indonesia is still dominated by female users compared to men, especially in MKJP, namely 13.2% of them are female users and only 0.2% are male users. This study aims to examine the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive (LAPMs) among married women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia based on analysis of IDHS data 2017. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and uses secondary data (2017 IDHS data). The dependent variables of this study is the utilization of LACPMs with the main independent variables were women's empowerment. Descriptive, bivariate and stratified analysis were used to see the description of each variable and to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables and to examine the confounding variables between them. Result: Empowered women had 1.15 [95% CI=1.03-1.27] times higher risk of using MKJP than powerless women. The result of this study also found that women's education and household wealth index are confounding variables in the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of LACPMs. Conclusion: The utilization of LACPMs which is low is one of the public health challenges in Indonesia. The association between women's empowerment and the utilication of LACPMs can be taken into considerations for government agencies to develop health by focusing on the role of women.
Mental health problems in workers are things that should not be underestimated because they can interfere with the productivity of workers themselves and agencies. This thesis discusses the relationship between work-life balance, motivation and demographic factors with job satisfaction of employees who work at the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. 59.3% of employees were not satisfied working, 56.7% of employees had an unbalanced work-life balance and 54.7% had high work motivation. Work-life balance is not statistically related in this study while motivation is related to employee job satisfaction, employees who have high motivation feel more satisfied with their work than those with low motivation. Demographic factors related to employee job satisfaction are education. Low-educated employees are more satisfied with their work than highly educated employees after being controlled by work-life balance and motivation. Age and length of work are not related to employee job satisfaction. Suggestions that can be given based on the results of the study are the provision of incentives, regular training, division of tasks according to workload proportionally and the use of good information and communication technology to help employees achieve work-life balance and satisfaction.
Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY), merupakan masalah yang serius di Indonesia. Pada saat ini di Indonesia diperkirakan ada sekitar 10 juta orang menderita gondok, 750.000-900.000 menderita kretin endemik dan 3,5 juta menderita GAKY Iainnya. Dampak negatif dari GAKY berpengaruh langsung terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia, anak-anak yang menderita kekurangan yodium mempunyai rata-rata IQ 13,5 point lebih rendah dibandingkan mereka yang cukup mendapat yodium.Pemerintah menempuh 2 macam upaya penanggulangan GAKY di Indonesia, yaitu melalui upaya pemberian kapsul minyak beryodium yang diprioritaskan pada wanita usia subur 15-49 tahun termasuk ibu hamil dan ibu nifas dan penggalakkan penggunaan garam beryodium di masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan demand masyarakat terhadap penggunaan garam beryodium, Pusat Promosi Kesehatan telah melakukan kampanye penggunaan garam beryodium melalui media TV dan Radio pada tahun 1998/1999. Namun data yang telah dikumpulkan baru dianalisis secara univariat, sehingga dirasa perlu untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut melalui penulisan ini.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian garam beryodium rumah tangga di 10 propinsi daerah endemik Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) di Indonesia tahun 1999.Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder hasil evaluasi kampanye garam beryodium melalui media TV dan Radio yang dilakukan Pusat Promosi Kesehatan pada tahun 1999 terhadap 600 responden wanita usia subur di 10 propinsi GAKY di Indonesia. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program komputer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 462 responden (77%) menggunakan garam beryodium, sedangkan sisanya menggunakan garam lain. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium antara lain: Pengetahuan, Pendidikan, Niat, Ketersediaan garam beryodium, dan Keterpaparan terhadap media. Dari ke-lima faktor tersebut, ketersediaan garam beryodium merupakan faktor yang mempunyai hubungan paling dominan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR)=l,36I (95% CI 1,30 - 1,43). Artinya responden dengan ketersediaan garam beryodium di sekitar tempat tinggalnya, kemungkinan akan menggunakan garam beryodium 1,361 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang disekitar tempat tinggalnya tidak tersedia garam beryodium.Atas dasar hasil penelitian tersebut, kepada pengelola program GAKY disarankan untuk melakukan advokasi secara intensif kepada lintas sektor, terutama sektor yang berkaitan dengan distribusi garam beryodium untuk menjamin ketersediaan garam beryodium di seluruh Indonesia. Disamping itu, kampanye penggunaan garam beryodium perlu dijaga kesinambungannya, karena dari hasil penelitian juga terbukti bahwa keterpaparan media berhubungan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium.
Factor Related to Iodized Salt Usage in Ten Province Subjected to Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) in Indonesia Year of 1999There are many people in Indonesia still suffer from goiter. 10 million from 42 million people which living in area with deficiency of iodine are suffering this disease. IDD has negative impact directly to quality of human resources, especially concerned to intelligence and productivity.In this study we looking for some factor related to iodized salt usage in ten IDD province in Indonesia. Independent factors in this study are predisposition factors (knowledge, willingness, and education), enabling factor (salt availability), and enforcing factor (media). We were looking for some relation of these three variables with iodized salt usage as dependent variable.This study using cross sectional design to secondary data of 600 respondents (women in fertile age) in ten IDD province (GAKY) in 1999, which collected by Health Promotion Center of Health Department of Republic of Indonesia. From 600 respondents which being studied, 462 respondents (77%) using iodized salt. Factor that related to iodized salt usage is availability of iodized salt, media exposure, knowledge, and level of education. The most dominant factor is iodized salt availability (OR 1,361; 95%CI 1,30-1,43), which means respondents which easy to find iodized salt have 1,361; possibility to use iodized salt compared to those who difficult to find iodized salt.We recommend to Department of Trade and Industry to ensure the availability of iodized salt in public, and to IDD program's management to improve campaign of benefits of iodized salt usage to public.
