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Penggunaan BBM di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh penggunaan bensin bertimbal, sehingga makin besar konsumsi energi BBM dari bensin bertimbal, maka makin tinggi tingkat pencemaran timbal (Pb) di udara ambien. Efek Pb terhadap sistem haemapoietic menyebabkan berkurangnya synthesis haemoglobin dan rnenyebabkan anemia. Di Kota Sukabumi saat ini penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) masih didominasi oleh penggunaan bensin bertimbal. Salah satu pekerja yang memiliki resiko tinggi terpapar Pb adalah pegawai UPTD Terminal Dinas Perhubungan Kota Sukabumi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pb di udara ambien dan hubungannya dengan Pb dalam darah serta kejadian anemia pada pegawai UPTD Terminal Dinas Perhubungan Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2007. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel adalah pegawai UPTD Terminal, dengan besar sampel sebanyak 44 pegawai yang diambil secara total sampling. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah secara statistik menggunakan teknik analisis distribusi frekuensi dan uji chi square. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa : ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar Pb di udara ambien pada lingkungan kerja dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar Pb dalam darah dengan kadar Hb darah pada pegawai, dan ada hubungan yang signiiikan antara umur dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai UPTD Terminal. Selanjutnya, didapat bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara; kebiasaan merokok, memakai masker, dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai UPTD Temainal. Hasil penelitian ini semakin memperjelas betapa pentingnya pengendalian pencemaran udara khususnya pencemaran Pb di udara Upaya penghapusan bensin bertimbal sudah tidak dapat ditunda lagi untuk mencegah dampak kesehatan dan kerugian biaya yang ditanggung oleh masyarakat.
BBM usage in Indonesia still dominated by lead gasoline, so that consumption of BBM energy from lead gasoline increasing, then lead (Pb) pollution level in ambient air is more and more increasing. Pb effect toward haemopoietic system caused the decreasing of hemoglobin synthesis and causing anemia. At Sukabumi recently, BBM usage still dominated by lead gasoline usage. One of the workers that has high risk of exposed to Pb is Terminal UPTD employee of Sukaburni City Transportation Department. The purpose of the study is to find out the relation between Pb in the ambient air and Pb in blood and anemia cases of transportation department a employees of UPTD terminal at Sukabumi 2007. Research design used is cross sectional. Population and sample are Tenninal UPTD employee, with total samples of 44 employees that gathered by total sampling. Further obtained data processed statistically using analysis technique of frequency distribution and chi square test. From research result, obtained that: there is significant relation between Pb level in ambient air of working environment with Pb level in employees blood, there is significant relation between Pb level in blood and blood Hb in employees, and there is significant relation between age and Pb level in employees blood of Terminal UPTD. Accumulation of Pb level could not define in those employees blood because exposed to Pb in ambient air of work environment Furthermore, obtained that there are no signiiicant relations between smoking behaviors along as well as using mask with Pb level in employees? blood of Terminal UPTD. The result of this research clarifies the importance of controlling air pollution especially from Pb contamination. The effort for elimination of gasoline containing Pb can not be delay to prevent the impact to health and the loss of expense that burden by the people.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
The existence of benzene in the glue of footwear is endangering the health of the workers in the footwear workshop because of its toxic and carcinogenic nature. The impact is the disruption of the bone marrow which is where the production of red blood cells, white blood and platelets. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of benzene exposure through the examination of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) concentration in urine on platelet levels in base workshop workers. The design of the study was cross sectional on footwear factory workers in Sukajaya Village with a sample of 73 workers. Samples taken are urine and blood from workers to know the concentration of S-PMA and platelet levels. The concentration of S-PMA was measured by LC-MS / MS and platelets with Automated Hematology Analyzer. Individual characteristics with direct interview. The results showed the value of OR = 2.28 between S-PMA concentration to platelet level. Variables of exercise habits with OR = 1.58 between non-routine exercise on platelets and alcohol consumption OR = 1.78 among those who consume to platelet levels. Multivariable logistic regression test results showed OR = 2.59 workers with S-PMA concentration (> 0.67 μg / g creatinine) on platelet count after controlled for age and alcohol consumption.
