Ditemukan 21626 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Rifka Putri Salma; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji SyafranArrazy, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari
Abstrak:
Hingga tahun 2021 IDF melaporkan sekitar 537 juta orang dewasa hidup dengan diabetes dan diproyeksikan akan terus meningkat, serta 90% diantaranya adalah tipe 2. Salah satu faktor utama yang dapat menyebabkan risiko Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah polusi udara termasuk polutan PM2.5. Namun, penelitian dengan topik ini belum banyak diteliti terutama di Indonesia sehingga untuk menelaah lebih jauh penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor terkait pajanan PM2.5 serta faktor individu dalam meningkatkan risiko kejadian Diabetes melitus tipe 2 berdasarkan kajian sistematis terhadap literatur. Sebanyak 12 literatur berupa artikel jurnal ilmiah dari berbagai negara yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2013-2021 disintesis dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan kajian sistematis, diketahui bahwa faktor risiko pajanan PM2.5 jangka panjang, konsentrasi PM2.5 yang tinggi, dan tinggal pada daerah padat penduduk, dekat dengan jalan raya, serta pada daerah dengan aktivitas industri dapat meningkatkan risiko Diabetes melitus tipe 2. Kejadian ini kemudian dapat lebih berisiko pada populasi dengan usia lebih tua (>40 tahun) dan IMT kelebihan berat badan (25 kg/m3 -30 kg/m3) dan obesitas (?30 kg/m3). Namun untuk faktor risiko jenis kelamin lebih banyak pada laki-laki dan pada yang sudah berhenti atau tidak pernah merokok, yang mana hasil ini merupakan penemuan baru yang berbeda dari teori dan penelitian sebelumnya sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut beserta faktor risiko lainnya.
Until 2021, the IDF reports that around 537 million adults live with diabetes and that number is projected to continue to increase, and 90% of them are type 2. One of the main factors that can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus is air pollution, including PM2.5 pollutants. However, research on this topic has not been widely studied, especially in Indonesia, so to examine further, this study was conducted to determine the description of factors related to PM2.5 exposure and individual factors in increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a systematic review of the literature. A total of 12 literatures in the form of scientific journal articles from various countries published in 2013-2021 were synthesized in this study. Based on a systematic study, it is known that the risk factors for long-term PM2.5 exposure, high PM2.5 concentrations, and living in densely populated areas, close to roads, and in areas with industrial activity can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. They may be more vulnerable in the population with an older age (> 40 years) and a BMI of overweight (25 kg/m3-30 kg/m3) or obese (30 kg/m3). However, the risk factors for sex are higher in men and in those who have stopped or have never smoked, which is a new finding that is different from previous theories and research, so further research needs to be done along with other risk factors.
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Until 2021, the IDF reports that around 537 million adults live with diabetes and that number is projected to continue to increase, and 90% of them are type 2. One of the main factors that can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus is air pollution, including PM2.5 pollutants. However, research on this topic has not been widely studied, especially in Indonesia, so to examine further, this study was conducted to determine the description of factors related to PM2.5 exposure and individual factors in increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a systematic review of the literature. A total of 12 literatures in the form of scientific journal articles from various countries published in 2013-2021 were synthesized in this study. Based on a systematic study, it is known that the risk factors for long-term PM2.5 exposure, high PM2.5 concentrations, and living in densely populated areas, close to roads, and in areas with industrial activity can increase the risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. They may be more vulnerable in the population with an older age (> 40 years) and a BMI of overweight (25 kg/m3-30 kg/m3) or obese (30 kg/m3). However, the risk factors for sex are higher in men and in those who have stopped or have never smoked, which is a new finding that is different from previous theories and research, so further research needs to be done along with other risk factors.
S-11086
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Mustika Marwah; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Meiliana Sari
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko keberadaan agen COVID-19 dalam bentuk aerosol serta bagaimana kontrol teknik udara dalam ruangan dapat berperan terhadap risiko penularan penyakit tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menilik bagaimana kebijakan eksisting sebagai kontrol administratif dalam mengatur risiko penularan COVID-19 dengan menilik kontrol teknik udara dalam ruangan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kajian sistematis dan kebijakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan risiko keberadaan aerosol agen COVID-19 pada udara dalam ruangan. Selain itu, kontrol teknik udara dapat berperan dalam mereduksi risiko penularan COVID-19 via aerosol melalui (1) peningkatan pergantian udara dalam ruangan dengan udara luar ruangan, (2) penggunaan perangkat pembersih udara, serta (3) Memperhatikan tata letak perangkat ventilasi, arah dan distribusi alirah udara, serta alur udara bersih dan udara kotor pada suatu ruangan. Adapun kebijakan yang ada saat ini masih minim dalam mempertimbangkan risiko penularan COVID-19 via aerosol dalam ruangan sehingga masih dibutuhkan pengembangan kebijakan.
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S-10811
Depok : FKM UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nada Syifa; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Syafran Arrazy
Abstrak:
Pencemaran udara luar ruangan telah menjadi salah satu risiko lingkungan terbesar terhadap kesehatan. Pedagang kaki lima dianggap sebagai populasi yang paling berisiko karena bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama dan secara terus-menerus terpapar polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan agen risiko partikulat yaitu Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, dan PM2.5 terhadap pedagang kaki lima di Kelurahan Glodok, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah sampel pedagang kaki lima sebanyak 65 responden. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, konsentrasi TSP sebesar 43 μg/m3, PM10 sebesar 25 μg/m3, dan PM2.5 sebesar 16 μg/m3. Seluruh konsentrasi partikulat masih di bawah standar baku mutu Indonesia, namun untuk PM2.5 sudah sedikit melebihi standar baku mutu World Health Organization (WHO). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan nilai rata-rata dan nilai tengah, tingkat risiko seluruh pajanan partikulat (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) menunjukkan nilai RQ 1 atau dinyatakan aman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan setiap responden, terdapat 2 responden berisiko terhadap pajanan PM10 dan PM2.5. Pengelolaan risiko yang dapat dilakukan adalah menurunkan konsentrasi partikulat hingga batas aman, salah satunya dengan mengembangkan substitusi bahan bakar dengan yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan menggunakan sumber tenaga alternatif rendah polusi seperti tenaga listrik.
Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
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Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
S-11140
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Avatari Khumaira Hadi; Pembimbing: Al Asyary; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Resyana Yunita
Abstrak:
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Pencemaran udara, khususnya PM2.5, menjadi masalah serius karena partikel halus ini mampu masuk hingga alveoli paru dan peredaran darah. Wilayah Jalan Margonda Raya merupakan salah satu kawasan di Kota Depok dengan lalu lintas padat dan aktivitas ekonomi yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan emisi PM2.5 dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat risiko pajanan PM2.5 terhadap pekerja luar ruangan di sepanjang Jalan Margonda Raya, Kota Depok. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) terhadap 100 responden pekerja luar ruangan. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dilakukan selama satu jam pada lima titik berbeda dan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 166,8 µg/m³, sedangkan estimasi konsentrasi 24 jam menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 88,3 µg/m³ yang telah melebihi baku mutu udara ambien. Karakteristik antropometri responden menunjukkan nilai median berat badan sebesar 59,6 kg. Pola aktivitas pekerja menunjukkan nilai median waktu pajanan adalah 8 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 310 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 6 tahun. Nilai asupan PM2.5 yang dihitung menghasilkan rata-rata 0,0038 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario realtime dan 0,0158 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario lifetime. Nilai RQ (Risk Quotient) masing-masing adalah 1,078 (realtime) dan 4,382 (lifetime), yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko berada pada kategori tidak aman (RQ > 1). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan manajemen risiko seperti penurunan konsentrasi paparan PM2.5 menjadi 0,038 mg/m³, pengurangan durasi pajanan menjadi 7,6 jam/hari, serta pengurangan frekuensi kerja menjadi 294 hari/tahun.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
S-12031
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rafika Oktivaningrum; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Ricki Marojahan Mulia
Abstrak:
Studi biomonitoring menunjukkan adanya pajanan Bisphenol A BPA terhadap penduduk dunia Aktifitas estrogenik BPA diketahui memiliki dampak kesehatan yang merugikan salah satunya terhadap sistem reproduksi dan perkembangan Oleh karena itu penelitian ini melakukan kajian sistematis terhadap dampak pajanan BPA pada sistem reproduksi dan perkembangan manusia melalui telaah terhadap berbagai penelitian in vitro dan observasional Hasil identifikasi studi dari 8 database jurnal Pubmed ACS ESCOHOST EHP JSTOR Proquest Science Direct dan Springerlink mengumpulkan 678 artikel Pemilihan studi dilakukan dengan melakukan tahap screening dan eligibility berdasarkan kriteria inklusi sehingga terpilihlah 36 artikel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat berbagai dampak pajanan BPA terhadap sistem reproduksi yang ditemukan pada studi observasional berupa gangguan fertilitas seperti penurunan kualitas semen dan disfungsi seksual bagi pria dan kegagalan implantasi pada wanita yang melakukan fertilisasi in vitro Dampak pajanan BPA yang ditemukan pada perkembangan manusia adalah perilaku depresi dan kecemasan pada anak perempuan dan agresif pada anak laki laki serta ukuran saat kelahiran berupa kejadian BBLR KMK dan peningkatan ukuran lingkar kepala Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ditemukan efek kesehatan yang merugikan akibat pajanan BPA terhadap sistem reproduksi dan perkembangan manusia namun hasil penelitian yang ditemukan masih bersifat tidak konsisten satu sama lain Kata kunci Bisphenol A BPA sistem reproduksi perkembangan kajian sistematis.
Biomonitoring studies have shown evidences of BPA exposure to world population Estrogenic activity of BPA might cause adverse impact on human health such as reproduction system and development Therefore this study did a systematic review about the impact of BPA exposure on human reproduction system and human development Identification of study collected 678 articles from 8 journal databases Pubmed ACS ESCOHOST EHP JSTOR Proquest Science Direct dan Springerlink Those articles were checked through screening and eligibility phase for some criterias 36 studies included in this systematic review Review of observational studies indicate adverse effect to human fertility For man population BPA decrease semen quality and sexual disfunction and for woman BPA cause implantation failure among woman undergoing IVF Review on development studies indicate some impacts of BPA exposure such as increase anxiety and depression in girl and agressive behaviour in boys also birth outcomes such as LBW SGA and increased of head circumference This study conclude that BPA might cause adverse effect on human reproduction system and development however the result of those studies are still inconsistent Key words Bisphenol A BPA reproduction system development systematic review.
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Biomonitoring studies have shown evidences of BPA exposure to world population Estrogenic activity of BPA might cause adverse impact on human health such as reproduction system and development Therefore this study did a systematic review about the impact of BPA exposure on human reproduction system and human development Identification of study collected 678 articles from 8 journal databases Pubmed ACS ESCOHOST EHP JSTOR Proquest Science Direct dan Springerlink Those articles were checked through screening and eligibility phase for some criterias 36 studies included in this systematic review Review of observational studies indicate adverse effect to human fertility For man population BPA decrease semen quality and sexual disfunction and for woman BPA cause implantation failure among woman undergoing IVF Review on development studies indicate some impacts of BPA exposure such as increase anxiety and depression in girl and agressive behaviour in boys also birth outcomes such as LBW SGA and increased of head circumference This study conclude that BPA might cause adverse effect on human reproduction system and development however the result of those studies are still inconsistent Key words Bisphenol A BPA reproduction system development systematic review.
S-7747
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ira Wardani; Pembimbing: I Made Djaja; Penguji: Ratna Djuwita, Heny Pusputa Rokhwani Affan
S-7798
Depok : FKM UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Qory Rahmaniah; Pembimbing: Ema Hermawati; Penguji: Budi Haryanto, Satria Pratama
Abstrak:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas contact tracing, karantina, dan isolasi dalam mengendalikan COVID-19. Desain penelitian menggunakan kajian sistematis (systematic review). Literatur diperoleh melalui pencarian pada 4 database, yaitu PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus. Literatur yang didapatkan sebanyak 18 artikel (8 artikel menggunakan observational study dan 10 artikel menggunakan modelling study) yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2020 dan 2021. Literatur yang digunakan melaporkan manfaat dari contact tracing, karantina, dan isolasi terhadap pengendalian COVID-19. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan, contact tracing efektif dalam mencari kontak erat, sehingga dapat mencegah adanya onward transmission (penularan lebih lanjut) COVID-19.
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S-10615
Depok : FKM UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Budiyono; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Supratman Sukowati, Abdur Rahman
S-7522
Depok : FKM UI, 2012
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nadiya Nurul Huda; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Abdul Rahman, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Abstrak:
ABSTRAK Pekerja pengrajin batu bata berisiko terhadap dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan Particulate Matter (PM2,5) yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran batu bata dan proses pencetakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien pada pekerja batu bata di Kecamatan Taktakan Serang Banten. Penelitin ini menggunakan data primer dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 73 pekerja dan sampel lingkungan dari 9 titik menggunakan alat Haz-dust EPAM 5000. Data disajikan secara univariat dan risiko kesehatan dihitung dengan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang menghasilkan nilai intake pajanan yang diterima individu perhari, berdarkan konsentrasi PM2,5, pola pajanan, dan karakteristik antropometri berupa berat badan. Responden pada penelitian ini memiliki nilia median berat badan 56,85 Kg, dan nilai median laju inhlasi sebesar 0,6 mg/m3 lebih rendah dari nilai default EPA untuk berat badan 70 kg dan laju inhalasi 0,83 mg/m3.. Nilai median waktu pajanan untuk proses pencetakan 8 jam/hari dan 18jam/hari untuk proses pembakaran. Pekerja mulai berisiko (RQ≥1) pada proses pencetakan setelah durasi pajananan 25 tahun dengan konsentrasi rata-rata sebesar 58,7 μg/m3 sedangkan untuk proses pembakaran pekerja mulai ditemukan berisiko (RQ≥1) setelah durasi 20 tahun dengan konsentrasi rata-rata 418,5 μg/m3, dengan demikian manajemen risiko yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengurangi waktu pajanan pencetakan menjadi 7,2 jam/hari dan waktu pembakaran menjadi 13 jam/hari. Kata kunci: Analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan, batu bata, dan PM2,5 Clay brick industry worker are at risk for the health effect to exposure PM2,5, resulting from combustion and forming process. This study aimed to estimate the risk of PM2,5 exposure in ambient air to clay brick industry worker in Kecamatan Taktakan Serang Banten. This study used primary data of 73 worker and environment sampel was measured from 9 site with Haz dust EPAM 5000. Univariate data were present and health risk was calculated using environmental health risk assessment method that generates value of individual exposure intake per day. Exposure intake was calculated based on PM2,5 concentration, individual exposure patterns, and anthropometric value for body weight. responden in this study have 56,85 kg median of body weight, and 0,6 m3 median of inhalation rate. These are lower than EPA default value for 70 kg of body weight and 0,83 mg/m3 inhalation rate. Exposure time for forming process in median is 8 hours/day and 18 hours/day for combustion process. Health risk appear (RQ≥1) in forming process after 25 years exposure time with mean concentration 58,7 μg/m3 and in combustion health risk appear (RQ≥1) after 20 years exposure time with mean concentration 418,5 μg/m3. Risk management needed base on this finding is by limited worker exposure time in forming process to 7,2 hour/day and 13 hour/day in combustion process. Key words: Health risk assessment, clay brick, and PM2,5
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S-9730
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dita Garnita; Pembimbing: Besral; Penguji: R. Sutiawan, Nurjamil
S-7391
Depok : FKM-UI, 2012
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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