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Pelayanan pre operatif anestesi merupakan tahap pertama dari seluruh tindakan anestesi. Dikatakan bahwa 40% risiko kematian atau komplikasi akibat tindakan anestesi yang berkaitan dengan masalah gangguan jalan nafas dapat dicegah dengan pengkajian pre operatif anestesi. Namun hingga saat ini pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi yang tidak pernah mencapai 100% menjadi masalah yang dihadapi hampir semua rumah sakit tidak terkecuali Rumah Sakit Myria Palembang. Sebuah kerangka berpikir keselamatan pasien “swiss cheese model” yang lebih mengutamakan pendekatan sistem digunakan untuk analisis pre operatif anestesi. Identifikasi celah dalam setiap proses pelayanan pre operatif anestesi digunakan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan perbaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pelayanan pre operatif anestesi dengan pendekatan mixed method. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 106 responden. Data kualitatif didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam, fokus group discussion, telaah literatur dan dokumen terkait untuk mendapatkan analisis yang lebih komprehensif terhadap pengaruh organisasi, supervisi, teknologi, prekondisi dan perilaku individu pada pre operatif anestesi. Hasil analisis deskriptif didapatkan capaian pre operatif anestesi sebesar 61.3%; keseluruhan pre operatif anestesi dilakukan di hari yang sama dengan hari operasi; terdapat ketidaksesuaian regulasi yang ditetapkan manajemen rumah sakit; lemahnya supervisi pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi; kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi; sikap pasif pasien terhadap pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi tergambar dari tanggapan responden terhadap variabel prekondisi termasuk dalam kategori rendah; operasi tetap berjalan meskipun tidak dilakukan pre operatif anestesi; budaya keselamatan pasien yang rendah pada perawat dan penata anestesi; proses admisi dan pelaporan pasien yang terlalu malam; perilaku individu tidak aman dokter spesialis anestesi dengan tidak melakukan pre operatif anestesi. Strategi rumah sakit sebagai pemecahan masalah rendahnya pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi antara lain perbaikan regulasi; peningkatan supervisi; optimalisasi pemanfaatan sistem informasi rumah sakit; memperbaiki proses admisi pasien dan pelaporan pasien; meningkatkan kerja sama dengan operator bedah untuk kemudahan pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi serta meningkatkan komitmen dokter spesialis anestesi untuk melakukan pre operatif anestesi.
Pelayanan pre operatif anestesi merupakan tahap pertama dari seluruh tindakan anestesi. Dikatakan bahwa 40% risiko kematian atau komplikasi akibat tindakan anestesi yang berkaitan dengan masalah gangguan jalan nafas dapat dicegah dengan pengkajian pre operatif anestesi. Namun hingga saat ini pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi yang tidak pernah mencapai 100% menjadi masalah yang dihadapi hampir semua rumah sakit tidak terkecuali Rumah Sakit Myria Palembang. Sebuah kerangka berpikir keselamatan pasien “swiss cheese model” yang lebih mengutamakan pendekatan sistem digunakan untuk analisis pre operatif anestesi. Identifikasi celah dalam setiap proses pelayanan pre operatif anestesi digunakan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan perbaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pelayanan pre operatif anestesi dengan pendekatan mixed method. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 106 responden. Data kualitatif didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam, fokus group discussion, telaah literatur dan dokumen terkait untuk mendapatkan analisis yang lebih komprehensif terhadap pengaruh organisasi, supervisi, teknologi, prekondisi dan perilaku individu pada pre operatif anestesi. Hasil analisis deskriptif didapatkan capaian pre operatif anestesi sebesar 61.3%; keseluruhan pre operatif anestesi dilakukan di hari yang sama dengan hari operasi; terdapat ketidaksesuaian regulasi yang ditetapkan manajemen rumah sakit; lemahnya supervisi pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi; kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi; sikap pasif pasien terhadap pelaksanaan pre operatif anestesi tergambar dari tanggapan responden terhadap variabel prekondisi termasuk dalam kategori rendah; operasi tetap berjalan meskipun tidak dilakukan pre operatif anestesi; budaya keselamatan pasien yang rendah pada perawat dan penata anestesi; proses admisi dan pelaporan pasien yang terlalu malam; perilaku individu tidak aman dokter spesialis anestesi dengan tidak melakukan pre operatif anestesi.
Preoperative anesthesia is the first stage of any anesthetic procedure. It is said that the 40% risk of death or complications from anesthesia related to airway obstruction can be prevented by recovering from preoperative anesthesia. However, until now the implementation of preoperative anesthesia which has never reached 100% is a problem faced by almost all hospitals, Myria Palembang Hospital is no exception. A “Swiss cheese model” patient safety framework supporting the systems approach was used to analyze preoperative anesthesia. Identification of gaps in each process of preoperative anesthesia services is used as a basis for making improvements. This study aims to analyze preoperative anesthesia services using a mixed methods approach. Statistical tests were carried out using a questionnaire which was distributed to 106 respondents. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, literature review and related documents to obtain a more comprehensive analysis of the influence of organization, supervision, technology, conditions and individual behavior on preoperative anesthesia. The results showed that the preoperative anesthetic performance was 61.3%; Overall preoperative anesthesia was carried out on the same day as the day of surgery; there is a non-compliance with the regulations set by the hospital management; weak supervision of the implementation of preoperative anesthesia; lack of utilization of technology; the patient's passive attitude towards the implementation of preoperative anesthesia is reflected in the respondents' responses to the precondition variables included in the low category; the operation continues even though preoperative anesthesia is not performed; low patient safety culture among nurses and anesthesiologists; late admission process and patient reporting; Unsafe individual behavior of anesthesiologists by not performing preoperative anesthesia. The hospital's strategy as a solution to the problem of low implementation of preoperative anesthesia includes regulatory improvements; increased supervision; optimizing the utilization of hospital information systems; improve admission and patient reporting processes; increase cooperation with surgical operators to facilitate the implementation of preoperative anesthesia and increase the commitment of anesthesiologists to perform preoperative anesthesia.
Kata kunci: lean thinking, , medication error, swiss chesse model waktu tunggupelayanan
Quality improvement and patient safety are two things that cannot separated and mustbe continuous. Effort to improve quality and patient safety at Outpatient PharmacyPusat Otak Nasional Prof. DR.dr. Mahar Mardjono Hospital is described through theachievement of service indicators according to the hospital minimum service standardsthet have not resched the standard. This study was conducted to analyze the waitingtime for JKN patient medication services and risk activities of medication errors usingprinciples of lean thinking and the swiss cheese model. This type of research isoperational research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data isobtained through the process of observation and document review, while quantitativedata is based on waiting time data from electronic health records and waiting time forobservations. The result showed that the waiting time was 1 hour 3 minutes 11 seconds,with the longest waiting time was in the process of receiving the recipe (30 minutes 42seconds). Value_added activity (79%) was 13 minutes 13 seconds, non value addedactivity (21%) for 49 minutes 21 second. Most of waste is in waiting activities with apresentation time of 92% of the time for non value added. The bottleneck in this studywas taken from the longest waiting time process and the result of the swiss cheesemodel analysis at the assessment and examination stage of drug preparations.Reviewing the waiting time indicator profile for the finished medicine according to theSPM of the hospital. There is a need for workload analysis, and monitoring of thereview of prescription services. Proposed improvements are described in a future statemap by reducing non value added activity which can be directly eliminated withoutintervention.
Key words: lean thinking, medication error, swiss chesse model, medication error,service waiting time.
Digital marketing is currently widely used and sought after by business people. The development of increasingly sophisticated technology makes the marketing process easier. The need for digital marketing continues to increase, resulting in hospital businesses using online marketing strategies. Especially during the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many people avoid visiting hospitals and prefer to use digital-based medical applications. This study is to determine the evaluation acceptance of the use of Digital Marketing on Instagram media using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach at Bunda Hospital Palembang. TAM is a model that explains the behavior of information technology users based on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and user behavior relationships. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design. The dimension of Perceived usefulness had an impact of 31.1% on the acceptance of the use of digital marketing on Instagram media. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use had an impact of 13.1% on the acceptance of the use of digital marketing on Instagram media, the attitude toward using had given 17% impact on acceptance of digital marketing use on Instagram media. Meanwhile, behavioral intention to use had given 17.5% impact on acceptance of digital marketing use on Instagram media at Bunda Hospital Palembang. The evaluation by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach from various dimensions. Perceived usefulness dimension was found significantly affected on the acceptance of the use of digital marketing on Instagram media at Bunda Hospital Palembang.
Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dengan tipe penelitian kombinasi Sequential Explenatory Desain (Sugiyono, 2012), dimana pengumpulan dan analisis data terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu: 1. pengumpulan dan analisis data kuantitatif pada tahap pertama (Pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner dilakukan untuk mengetahui mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit RK Charitas, melalui penggunaan Kriteria Baldrige) 2. pengumpulan dan analisis data kualitatif pada tahap ke dua (melakukan wawancara untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih utuh terhadap hasil pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner).
Hasil : Dari hasil penelitan, didapatkan seluruh variabel (Kepemimpinan, Perencanaan Strategi, Fokus Pelanggan, Fokus Sumber daya manusia, Fokus Proses, Pengukuran-analisa dan manajemen pengetahuan) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi kinerja rumah sakit. Didapatkan dari tujuh kriteria Malcolm Baldridge, terdapat 3 variabel yang memiliki nilai diatas total rerata, dan 4 kriteria memiliki nilai dibawah total rerata. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan variabel kepemimpinan merupakan variabel yang memiliki nilai rata-rata terendah iii dibandingkan variabel lainnya. Pada variabel kepemimpinan, dinilai peran kepemimpinan dalam transparasi, supevisi, kaderisasi di masa yang akan datang, serta proses perencanaan dan pengelolaan perencanaan strategi dinilai kurang optimal.
Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dibuat oleh peneliti, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit Charitas dikaji berdasarkan integrasi TQM dan Six Sigma melalui pendekatan Malcolm Baldridge, perlu ditingkatkan. Dimana terdapat 4 (empat) variabel yang memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih rendah dari total nilai rata-rata 7 (tujuh) variabel dalam Kriteria Malcolm Baldridge. Empat kriteria tersebut ialah kepemimpinan, perencanaan strategi, manajemen sumber daya manusia, serta pengukuran, analisis dan manajemen.Variabel yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian besar karena memiliki nilai yang paling rendah ialah variabel kepemimpinan dan perencanaan strategi. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam, peran yang paling besar dalam peningkatan kinerja ialah peran kepemimpinan. Dilihat dari hasil pencapaian indikator kinerja RS. Charitas yang mengalami penurunan tiga tahun terakhir, tidak sejalan dengan hasil kuantitatif yang dicapai pada kriteria variabel kinerja rumah sakit, dimana menghasilkan nilai yang baik. Salah satu penyebabnya ialah ketidakselarasan antara program kerja dan target unit dengan rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini dipertegas melalui wawancara mendalam, rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan tidak secara menyeluruh disosialisasikan ke unit-unit. Sehingga tujuan dari program kerja seringkali ditemukan tidak sejalan dengan rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan, yang berpengaruh pada perbedaan persepsi pencapaian kinerja unit dengan kinerja rumah sakit secara keseluruhan. Selain itu ditemukan tidak adanya pedoman penilaian kinerja unit.Maka melalui penelitian ini diharapkan penerapan Integrasi TQM dan Six Sigma untuk mencapai kinerja rumah sakit melalui: meningkatkan peran kepemimpinan di rumah sakit; mengembangkan dan melaksanakan rencana strategis yang optimal; meningkatkan kemampuan untuk fokus terhadap pasien/pelanggan; memberikan perhatian tinggi terhadap pengelolaan dan pemberdayaan karyawan; mengembangkan; meningkatkan sistem dan proses dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan; serta melaksanakan upaya mutu berkelanjutan dengan menekankan pada pengukuran melalui indikator-indikator individu, unit maupun rumah sakit serta mengembangkan sistem informasi yang akurat.
Kata kunci : Mutu Rumah Sakit, TQM, Six SIGMA, Malcolm Baldridge
Background : Hospital as an organization working in the field of public health services increasingly demanded to provide better health services (Muchtar, 2011). Excellent service and quality will have an impact on patient satisfaction and impact on customer loyalty to the improvement of services offered. One measure of the achievement of the quality of a service is the loyalty of consumers. Charitas Hospital, there is a decline in customer loyalty from the year 2013 to 2015 by 80%. It was determined by a decrease in the quality indicators that BOR, LOS, TOI, GDR, NDR which dropped on the last three years (Data RS-Caritas, 2016). It is known that the quality management TQM and Six Sigma have each proven concepts and empirical as continuous quality improvement methods that can help improve the performance of organizations including hospitals. How is the quality of service at the Charitas Hospital observed from the criteria Malcolm Baldrige Criteria with the integration of TQM and Six Sigma approach?
Method : The method used is quantitative and qualitative research methods, combination of the research type Explenatory Sequential Design (Sugiyono, 2012), where the data collection and analysis consists of two phases: 1. The collection and analysis of quantitative data on the first stage (The data was collected through a questionnaire conducted to determine the quality of RK Charitas Hospital services, through the use of Baldrige Criteria) 2. the collection and analysis of qualitative data in the second phase (conducting interviews to get a fuller picture of the data collected through questionnaires). v
Results : From the research results, obtained all the variables (Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer Focus, Focus Human Resources, Process Focus, Measurementanalysis and knowledge management) had a significant association in influencing the performance of the hospital. Obtained from seven Malcolm Baldridge criteria, there are three variables that have a total value above the average, and four criterias have a value below the total average. From the results, the leadership variable is a variable that have the lowest average value compared to other variables. In the leadership variable, assessed a leadership role in transparency, supervision, regeneration in the future, as well as the planning and management processes were considered less optimal than strategy planning.
Conclusions : Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the quality of service of Charitas Hospital assessed based on the integration of TQM and Six Sigma approach Malcolm Baldridge, needs to be improved. Where there are 4 (four) variables that have an average value is lower than the total average value of 7 (seven) variables in the Malcolm Baldridge Criteria. Four of these criteria are leadership, strategic planning, human resources management, as well as measurement, analysis and mangement.Variable that needs great attention because it has the lowest value are leadership and strategic planning. In addition, based on the results of in-depth interviews, the greatest role in performance enhancement is the role of leadership. Judging from the results of the achievement of performance indicators Charitas Hospital which has decreased for the last three years, is not in line with the quantitative results achieved on hospital performance variable criteria, which produces a good value. One reason is the misalignment between the work program and the target unit with a strategic plan that has been set. This is confirmed through in-depth interviews, plan strategies that have been set are not thoroughly socialized into units. So the purpose of this work program are often found to be not in line with the strategic plan that has been set, which affects the perception of differences in the achievement of the unit's performance with the performance of the hospital as a whole. Also found no performance appraisal guidelines unit. So through this research are expected application of TQM and Six Sigma integration to achieve vi performance of hospitals through: increasing the role of leadership in the hospital; developing and implementing a strategic plan that is optimal; improving the ability to focus on patient/customer; giving high attention to the management and employee empowerment; developing, improving the systems and processes in service delivery; and implementing continuous quality efforts with emphasis on measuring through indicators of individual, unit or hospital and developing accurate information system.
Keywords : Hospital Quality, TQM, Six SIGMA, Malcolm Baldridge
Hasil analisis menjelaskan bahwa 84,8% dari variabel kepuasan karyawan di jelaskan oleh ke 6 kriteria Malcolm Baldrige, dan sisanya sebesar 15,2% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak ada pada penelitian ini.
Kata kunci : Kriteria Malcolm Baldrige, kepuasan Karyawan Performance analysis services Harapan Bunda Batam Hospital on employee satisfaction with Malocolm Baldrige Criteria Approach
Hospital is one of organization produce a health services that required to give quality services. One of the key factor to improve a high qualityt is employee satisfaction. This research use Malcolm Baldrige criteria that overall focus, and continues, contained in leadership, strategic planning, Customer focus, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, workforce focus, process management. Research method is the sequential explanatory mixed method design. Sampling technique is total sampling, the survey by distributing questionnaires to all employees Harapan Bunda Hospital.
The results of this study the relationship strong and positive pattern of the six criteria of the Malcolm Baldrige on employee satisfaction. And results of the analysis explains that 84.8% of the variable employee satisfaction described by Malcolm Baldrige criteria and the remaining 15.2% is explained by other variables that do not exist in this study.
Menurut survei kesehatan rumah tangga yang dilakukan pada 3 °/00 dari 213 jutajumlah penduduk di Indonesia saat ini, pertahurmya dilaporkan sebanyak 639.000 pasien pcnderita penyakit jantung koroner. Khusus di DKI Jaya dengan 12 juta penduduk, per tahunnya dilaporkan sebanyak 36.000 pasien jantung koroner. Bila 40% dari jumlah pcnderita penyakit jantung di DK1 Jakarta tersebut mcmerlukan terapi khusus, maka terdapat 10.000 pasien yang membutuhkan tindakan pengobatan baik dalam bentuk Percutanneous Trans Coronary Angioplasly ( P'I`CA ) atau operasi Coronary Artery Bypass Grajfng ( CABG ). Untuk memberikan pelayanan kcpada penderita jantung tersebut, RSCM sebagai Rumah Sakit Pemerintah terbesar dan mmah sakit rujukan nasional telah mcrcsmikan Unit Pclayanan Jantung Terpadu sebagai unit departemen baru yang khusus memberikan pelayanan kesehatan jantung dcngan tujuan untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan kcsehatan jantung bag semua lapisan masyarakat. Sesuai dengan visi dan misinya dalam memberikan pclayanan tersebut, maka diperlukan pengukuran atas kinerja PJ T dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada penderita jantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang pengukuran kinerja stratejik Pelayanan Janumg Terpadu (PJT) Rumah Sakit Cipro Mangkusurno (RSCM) dengan menggunakan pendekatan Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Metode _penelitian menggunakan analisis data sekunder atas kinerja PJT pada keempat perspektif BSC. Adapun hasil analisis tersebut adalah (1) PJT belum mcmiliki kelengkapan dalam keempat perspetif yang dapat diukur dengan menggunakan pendekatan BSC. Sehingga pengukuran yang disarnpaikan berdasarkan indikator yang ada pada pemyataan visi, misi dan nilai~nilai saja. Pada ketiga pernyataan tersebut belum pula didukxmg oleh dokumen pengukuran secara lengkap, seperti pada pendidikan, penelitian, rujukan dan kerjasama stratejik; (2) Kinerja PJT yang diukur pada keempat perspcktif didapatkan bahwa (a) pada perspektif keuangan PJT telah memiliki kinerja yang baik, karena tclah memiliki pertumbuhan pendapatan dan pencapaian target pendapatan yang direncanakan; (b) pada perspektif pelanggan, tingkat kepuasan pelanggan masih berada pada kinerja yang cukup saja., sehingga PJT perlu melakukan perbaikan atas layanan yang disampaikan, terutama kualitas layanan yang terbaik dengan tarif yang terjangkau; (c) pada perspektif internal proses, yang diukur dengan BTO, AVLOS, TOI, BOR, dan GDR, didapatkan bahwa PJT memiliki kinerja yang cukup baik, namun pengukuran kinerja tersebut bukan menjadi pemyataan stratejik PJT yang dituangkan ke dalam visi, misi dan nilai; (d) pada perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran, didapatkan tingkat kepuasan kerja karyawan yang masih berada pada sedang-sedang saja, sehingga PJT perlu melakukan perbaikan atas kesejahteraan dan fasilitas kerja dalam menunjang kepuasan kcrja. Atas dasar hasil tersebut, maka saran penelitian adalah: (1) PJT harus memperbaiki pemyataan stratejiknya, terutama pada visi dan misi, sehingga pencapaian visi dan misi dapat terukur prestasinya; (2) Pernyataan visi, misi dan nilai yang telah ada belum didukung atas indikator pencapaian kinerjanya, seperti: (a) Pemyataan rujukan, tidak didukung oleh adanya dokumen jumlah rujukan setiap bulannya; (b) Pemyataan menjadi pusat pendidikan, dan penelitian Iayanan kardiovaskuler, tidak didukung olch adanya dokumcn jumlah penelitian yang telah dilakukan setiap bulannya; (c) Kexjasama stratejik kcpada instansi Iain dalam kardiovaskuler, tidak didukung oleh adanya dokumen jumlah kerjasama stratejik yang lelah dilakukan
According to the result of survey about health conditions for household shown that 3% of 213 millions lndonesia?s population and about 639 thousands patients has coroner heart disease a year. DKI Jaya with 12 millions population has 36 thousands patients coroner heart disease. If 40% iiom those patients need special therapy, so 10.000 patients will need treatment in fomt of Percutanneous Tran Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery (CABG). in that case, for better service, RSCM which is the biggest government hospital and reference in nation had opened special division for coroner heart disease and will reach for all society. Due to point of view and mission, they need to take measure their PJT perfomiancc to give better services for heart disease patient. The purpose of this research to measure Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu (PJT) perfomiance using Balance Scorecard (BSC). This analytic method used secondary PJT data on four BSC viewpoints. 'l`he results are: 1. PJT doesn?t have all four viewpoints in order to use BSC approach. Hence, this research was using only point of view, mission, and value. On that three statements do not have complete documentation, such as trained, researched, referenced, and strategic cooperation. 2. PJT performance was using four viewpoint perspective showed : a. PJT finance has growth on revenue that they already have planned. b. On patient perspective, satisfaction level is still under target. So, PJT needs to make enhancement but on low cost. c. On internal process perspective, using BTO,AvLOS,TOL,BOR,and GDR indicated PJT has good perfomiance, but PJT did not use the statement point of view, mission, and value. d. On learning and growing perspective had showed low employee satisfaction, so PJT has to make revision for employee welfare and work facility to reach higher employee satisfaction. From the research that I made, therefore my suggestions are: 1. PJT has to make statement revision on point of view, mission, in order to reach higher performance. 2. Point of view, mission and value statement do not have performance indicator, such as: a. There are not sufficient supported of monthly reference statement. b. There are not supported by documentation of research which is already done each month for training, and cardiovascular services. c. There are not supported by completed documentation and or cooperation with other firm.
