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Malaria is still one of the leading public-health problems that can cause death primarily in high-risk groups, namely, infants, toddlers, and expectant mothers. In addition, malaria directly causes anemia and can lower labor productivity. In 2010, in Indonesia, 65% of endemic districts were at risk of contracting malaria. By 2020 there are 515 cases of malaria in Batu Bara, and by 2021 rising to 952. The purpose of this study is to know the risk factors in the incidence of malaria in the Batu Bara. It uses a case-control design. The responders are 12 years of age and above where the cases are those who visit the health center with fever symptoms and positive malaria and controls are those with symptoms of a fever with a malaria negative. From multivariat analysis involving all risk factors simultaneously, there is a significant variable affecting the incidence of malaria that is both the age and the existence of a cattle cage. According to the age category, it shows 12-17 year old respondents with the highest risk of contracting malaria (AOR = 3.85; 1.40-10.59) by those ages 18-40 (AOR= 1.79; 070-4.58). Those who claim that there is a corral in the neighborhood, having a three times greater risk of contracting malaria than those who not.
ABSTRAK Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupatan Batu Bara merupakan wilayah endemis malaria dan masuk urutan tiga besar. Letak geografis wilayah puskesmas berada di wilayah pantai dari segi lingkungan rumah mempunyai kondisi yang berisiko sebagai jalan masuknya nyamuk anopheles antara lain kondisi dinding yang tidak rapat, tidak terapasangnya kawat kasa pada ventilasi dan tidak adanya plafon. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus dan kontrol adalah subjek yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Kasus adalah penderita berusia lima tahun keatas dengan gejala klinis malaria disertai dengan hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan positif mengandung plasmodium. Kontrol adalah pengunjung puskesmas berusia lima tahun ke atas dengan gejala demam tetapi hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan negatif malaria. Variabel lingkungan rumah yang diobservasi meliputi kondisi dinding rumah, keberadaan kawat kasa ventilasi dan keberadaan plafon. Variabel kovariat terdiri dari kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu, kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak. Analisis stratifikasi menunjukan ada modifikasi efek antara variabel lingkungan rumah dengan tiga variabel kovariat; kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak, dari empat variabel kovariat tidak ditemukan adanya confounder. Nilai OR hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), artinya responden dengan lingkungan rumah kurang baik berisiko 2,22 kali terkena malaria dibandingkan dengan responden dengan lingkungan rumah baik. Kesimpulan ada hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara
ABSTRACT Batu Bara district is a region of malaria endemic due to its geographic in a coastal area. Also the housing condition such as gap in the wall, ventilation without wire netting, and homes without ceiling make anopheles as malaria vector to break through into the house. Reseach objectives to determines relationship between housing condition and malaria incidence in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011. This study uses a case-control design. The case were people over 5 years with clinical symptoms of malaria and the blood examination showed positif plasmodium results. The controls were people over 5 years who visited Puskesmas with fever symptom but blood examination showed negative ones. Housing condition variables that observed include the walls condition, the presence of wire netting ventilation and ceiling. Covariate variable studied include the habit of using bed nets, night outs habit, mosquitos breeding sites and the shrubs. Stratification analysis showed effect modification between housing condition variables with three covariates variables; night outs habit, the presence of mosquito breeding sites, the presence of shrubs, of four variables covariates did not find any confounder. OR value relationship of housing condition with malaria incidence is 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), means respondent with poorly housing condition has 2,22 times more chance to suffer malaria than respondent with the good ones. Conclusion there is a relationship the housing condition and the incidence of malaria in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011.
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium through an infected female Anopheles mosquito. This study is conducted due to the high malaria incidence in Kab. Belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which presents itself as a public health threat. Study aims include analyzing and measuring the magnitude of the risk factors associated with malaria incidence. This study utilized a cross-sectional study design, and is part of a larger surveillance study by Sutanto et al in 2013, which conducts large-scale mass screening and selective treatment in Belu Regency, NTT, Indonesia. The number of samples included in the study were 1113 subjects, with statistical analysis using cox regression models with 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval. The results of multivariate analysis suggested that the the risk factors associated with the malaria incidence were (1) age PR 4.901 95% CI (3.093-7.766) p value 0.000, (2) occupation PR 3.838 95% CI (2.536-5.808) p value 0.000, (3) malaria drug use PR 0.448 95% CI (0.239-0.839) p value 0.012, and (4) village location. Therefore, malaria incidence in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, were heavily influenced by age, occupation, consumption of antimalarial drugs, and strategic village position for malaria vector breeding grounds
