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Industrial disasters claim thousands of lives every year around the world. Most are caused by poor construction or design of facilities or large fires or explosions that engulf buildings. In addition to poor design facility, emergencies can occur as a result of a Process safety event (PSE) which involves the release/loss of containment of hazardous materials which can result in large-scale health and environmental consequences. At this time PT. J is at the design stage of the petrochemical industry. The company will process chemicals in large quantities so that the company has a high hazard and the risk of causing an emergency event, therefore PT. J requires an emergency management system that can handle any potential emergency events that might arise and impact the company at the operational stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze emergency management planning at the design stage of the petrochemical industry at PT. J, which consists of planning before an emergency occurs, when an emergency occurs and after an emergency occurs. This research is an analytic descriptive research, using a qualitative study design. Primary data collection was carried out through field survey and conduct Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using the Emergency Management Assessment Checklist for Design Stage, which has been modified from the NFPA 1600 edition 2019. Secondary data was collected through document review. Based on the research results shows that PT. J has not implemented a comprehensive emergency management life cycle. At the stage before an emergency occurred, the company did not yet have planning for competency and training, drills and trials. At the stage when an emergency occurs, it is known that the company doesn’t have procedures for testing protocols for warning, notification, and communication during an emergency. In addition, at the stage after an emergency occurs, the company does not yet have a continuity and recovery plan that includes rehabilitation and reconstruction. The company has carried out and has several plans for mitigation, preparedness and emergency response. Companies are advised to develop existing plans and create new plans to maximize emergency management planning at the design stage to deal with emergency events in the petrochemical industry at the operational stage of PT. J.
ABSTRAK Salah satu pemanfaatan sumber radiasi pengion bidang Industri di Indonesia adalah untuk pengujian suatu materi / obyek dengan cara uji tak rusak (Non Destructive Test / NDT). Pengujian tersebut dengan cara radiografi, hasil bayangan tergambar dalam sebuah film radiografi yang dapat dianalisis untuk mengetahui mutu/kualitas dari obyek. Pada umumnya sumber radiasi pengion yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk radiografi adalah sinar-X dan gamma yang dipancarkan dari isotop Selenium 75 (Se75), Iridium 192 (Ir-192), dan Cobalt 60 (Co-60) tergantung dari tebal dan obyek yang akan diuji. Dari data perizinan Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (Bapeten) yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan radiografi adalah sumber radiasi Ir-192 yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia. Pemanfaatan sumber radiasi pengion tidak terlepas dari risiko bahaya radiasi baik secara eksterna ataupun interna bagi pekerja radiasi, masyarakat dan lingkungan hidup apabila terjadi keadaan darurat atau kecelakaan radiasi. Besar kecilnya dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kondisi keadaan darurat radiasi tergantung pada persiapan dan perencanaan perusahaan yang memanfaatkan sumber radiasi untuk menghadapi keadaan darurat tersebut. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir sebagai instansi yang berwenang dalam hal pengawasan pemanfaatan sumber radiasi di Indonesia melaksanakan pengawasan melalui peraturan, perizinan dan inspeksi telah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 33 tahun 2007 tentang Keselamatan Radiasi Pengion Dan Keamanan Sumber Radioaktif. Tujuan dari PP ini adalah untuk menjamin keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, anggota masyarakat serta perlindungan terhadap lingkungan hidup. Perusahaan / instansi dalam hal ini perusahaan radiografi yang telah lama memanfaatkan sumber radiasi nuklir untuk kegiatan pekerjaannya jika tidak mengikuti prosedur, baik pemeliharaan maupun pelaksanaan kerja berpotensi menimbulkan paparan potensial yang mengarah pada paparan darurat. Untuk itu perlu adanya prosedur Perencanaan Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat Radiasi untuk menanggulangi keadaan tersebut agar paparan radiasi yang diterima pekerja, masyakarat dan lingkungan tidak melebihi Nilai Batas Dosis yang diizinkan dan mengurangi efek bahaya radiasi bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prosedur penanggulangan keadaan darurat radiografi yang sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku dalam penanggulangan keadaan darurat bahaya radiasi. Penelitian dilakukan secara analisis kualititatif terhadap data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi dokumen pada lembaga pengawas (Bapeten) dan perusahaan radiografi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh perlunya dibuat Perencanaan Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat Radiasi pada perusahaan radiografi dengan mengacu pada pedoman yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir dan disesuaikan dengan sumber radiasi yang dimanfaatkan. Bapeten sebagai lembaga pengawas perlu meningkatkan sistem pelayanan perizinan dan inspeksi yang secara tidak langsung dapat mengurangi potensi bahaya radiasi jika terjadi keadaan darurat radiasi. Daftar bacaan : 21 ( 1990 – 2008)
ABSTRACT One of ionizing radiation source usage at industrial filed in Indonesia is to testing of a material or object with Non Destructive Test (NDT). The testing is by radiography, the material image result is printed in a radiography film which analyzable to known the quality of the object. Generally ionizing radiation source which able to used for radiography are X-ray and gamma which come from Selenium isotope (Se-75), Iridium 192 (Ir-192), and Cobalt 60 (Co-60) depend on the thickness and object that tested. Based on data from Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) which mostly used for radiography needs is Ir-192 radiation source that spread at Indonesian territory. The usage of ionizing radiation source unavoidable from risk of radiation hazards either external or internal to the radiation worker, society and living environment when emergency or radiation accident happen. The magnitude of effect that emerge from the radiation emergency condition are depend on the company planning and preparedness which using radiation source to meet the emergency condition. The Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency as party which have authority in supervision and utilizing of radiation source in Indonesia, conduct the supervision through regulation, licensing and inspection by publish Government Regulatory No.33 year 2007 about Ionizing Safety Radiation and Radioactive Source Security. Objective of the regulation is to guarantee the occupational health and safety, member of society and protection towards living environment. The radiography company which has been used nuclear radiation resource for its activity, if they do not comply with the procedure either the maintenance or work implementation, it has potential to appear some potential exposure which directed to emergency exposure. Therefore, the planning of radiation emergency response procedure is needed to cope with the condition, in order that radiation exposure which accepted by the worker, society and living environment are not exceeded the permissible threshold limit and decreasing radiation hazard effect on health. This research objective is to develop radiography emergency response procedure that appropriate with the regulation in emergency response hazards radiation handling. In this research qualitative analysis is conduct towards collected data. The data collected trough document observation at supervision institution (BAPETEN) and radiography companies. The research result concludes that Radiation Emergency Response Preparedness Planning at radiography company, needs to create refer to the guidelines that published by Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency and to be appropriate with used radiation source. Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency as supervisory institution needs to increase the inspection and licensing services system which indirectly decrease the radiation hazards potential if any radiation emergency happen. Reference : 21 ( 1990 – 2008)
Development of resilience concept in the global era and industry 4.0 requires companies in various sectors to follow technology, digitization of work, setting the work environment, and business development. Resilience concept showed performance improvement in four potential aspect, the ability to respond, anticipate, monitor, and learning process both of what is going right and wrong. This study aim to analyze implementation of safety resilience concept in the maritime industry, especially at shipping companies both public company (PT J) and private company (PT K). The benefit of this research was to provide a perspective on the implementation of safety resilience to anticipate major events, especially vessel collision. This research is a descriptive study using semi-quantitative methods. Interview guideline based on the Resilience Assessment Grid. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. This study analysis showed the level of implementation of safety resilience at PT J was 75.1% while PT K had a percentage of 70.2%. Supporting factors at PT J and PT K related to the implementation of Safety Resilience were ability to respond (80%), ability to learn (74.62%), and ability to monitor (70.77%). While the inhibiting factor at PT J and PT K was the ability to anticipate (66.92%). Both company was categorized at proactive level. Overall, safety resilience was expected to improve the performance and safety management system established to beyond international and national requirements.
Palu and Gorontalo cities are provincial capitals located on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. In 2018, the city of Palu was hit by the earthquake, tsunami disaster and liquefaction which a phenomenon that caused thousands of people to lose the world and thousands of people had to be displaced. Potential disasters and emergencies also discussed Gorontalo City which is different from Palu City. Natural disasters have an impact on workers and companies, including the hospitality industry. Not only natural disasters, emergency situations in the hotel industry can also occur due to non-natural disasters or social disasters. This study aims to increase the level of emergency and disaster preparedness in the hotel sector in Palu and Gorontalo. The method used in this study is a questionnaire adopted from APEC tourism risk management and tourism resilience index. Focus Group Discussions and Interviews were also conducted to discuss the implementation of emergency and disaster management in the workplace. The results of the multiple correspondence analysis of emergency preparedness and disaster management factors in hotels in Palu are relatively closer to the medium rating, while the emergency and disaasters preparedness factors in Gorontalo were relatively on the low categories for research variables. Based on these results, the participation of the private sector (hospitality industry) and the government is needed to build synergy in disaster risk reduction programs both locally and nationally
Ship fires are still a significant contributor to accidents in Indonesia and abroad. Failure to respond to a fire emergency can cause great losses such as damage to property, pollution of the environment, damage to reputation and even loss of life. Continued efforts are needed to ensure the readiness of the crew, programs, facilities and infrastructure as well as management can respond to fire emergencies properly. This study aims to explain the preparedness of a fire emergency on a delay ship based on SOLAS CHAPTER II-2 regulations and supporting regulations such as ISM Code Chapter 8, SOLAS Chapter (III, IV and V) in the company PT. ABC in 2020. This research is a descriptive analytic study by analyzing secondary data at PT. ABC on the regulation of SOLAS and ISM Code, next is to provide recommendations from the results of the analysis. The results showed the percentage value for emergency response programs, especially programmed fire hazard identification is 50% level of compliance with the standard, for facilities and infrastructure are: 1. Compliance with LSA (Life Saving Appliances) in general from 6 categories already fulfilled, there are categories that fulfill 67%, 2. Compliance with Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Equipment from 11 categories in general has fulfilled there are several categories whose fulfillment is below 100%, Air-recharging system for SCBAs (0%), Self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBAs) (80%), Fixed fire-detection and alarm systems (60%), Wheeled (mobile) fire extinguishers (71%) xi 3. Fulfillment of Fixed firefighting systems in general have met, of the 7 categories there are parts that are still below 100%, 4. Fulfillment of radio and navigational equipment there are parts below 100%. In general, the overall level of preparedness for tugboat emergency response at PT. ABC of SOLAS and ISM is in the range of 50-100%, the component that needs attention from management is the availability of tools to conduct inspections, testing and maintenance in accordance with the standards, so that compliance can be maintained and improved continuously.
This thesis discusses the risk factors for distress in emergency management officers at PT. X in 2023 using the self-report measure method. This study is a qualitative study conducted in October-November 2023 with a population of all emergency management teams at PT X involved in level 2 emergency management in 2023. It was found that out of 63 respondents, 37 workers (58.73%) with high levels of distress symptoms (score ≥27 points) and 26 workers (41.27%) with low levels of distress symptoms (score
Along with the development of the world's industry and since the beginning of theindustrial revolution, the world is never be separated from the use of chemicals. Oneof the chemicals used is hydrogen chloride/hydrochloric acid which is the rawmaterial of plastic PVC, furniture cleaning materials, to produce gelatin, foodaddictive substances, and the leather tanning process, so the risk of HCL is very large.There is no exception for the tank material as the place to store materials. Therefore,it is very necessary need the level risk assessment in design phase HCl 33% storagetank againts tank material and financial consequences aspects if there is a leak at thetank.In this study, the analysis of the risk assessment used the Quantitative Risk AnalysisMethode API-RBI 581:2008. This study shows that the value of Probability ofFailure (PoF) obtained is 3909,24 and is on category 5 (1000 < Df-total ≤10000), ifthere is a hole in the wall of the tank its cost of consequence is US$ 8.670.000, oncategory D and at the high level risk. While the cost of consequence if there is a holeat the plate of bottom tank is US$ 21.500.000.000 and is on category E and at thehigh risk level.Keywords : Storage tank, Ammonia, dispersion, BREEZE Incident analyst, FaultTree Analysis
