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Kata kunci : biaya obat, pengelolaan obat, pembelian/pengadaan obat, metode lean, kegiatan value added, kegiatan non-value added, kaizen, kendali mutu, kendali biaya.
Drugs is the most disturbing management process in the drug cycle management in the pharmacy unit of Sari Mutiara Medan Public Hospital. The high consumption and purchase level of chronic drugs represent the high consumption and purchase the whole drugs. Efficiency increasing of chronic drugs procurement/purchase is expected to represent the efficiency increasing of drug management in generally. This qualitative research, using the lean method, observed the time spent from when the drug was ordered until the drug was ready to distribute, with the aim to increase the efficiency of drug management in the pharmacy unit of Sari Mutiara Medan Public Hospital. The results formulate variation of purchasing flow to be one standard future state mapping, and it shows improvement in waiting time, increasing value added activity and reduction non-value added activity. Efficiency increasing of drugs procurement/purchase is expected to have a domino effect for the continuous drug management process. Cost and quality control in this research are obtained through the proposed short-term fixes : using pareto and VEN in drugs demand planning and using error proofing method in every end evaluation of drugs procurement/purchase. Kaizen is applied for the proposed long term fixes and for every flow analysis using lean method.
Keywords : drug cost, drug management, drugs procurement/purchase, lean method, value added activity, non-value added activity, kaizen, quality control, cost control
ABSTRAK Nama : Ainurinsan Amaludin Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Efisiensi Pengadaan dan Penyimpanan Obat dalam Penyusunan Rencana Pengadaan Obat di RSUD Pasar Minggu Masalah terkait pengadaan obat di rumah sakit kerapkali terjadi, tidak terkecuali di RSUD Pasar Minggu. Masalah pengadaan obat yang sering terjadi di RSUD Pasar Minggu adalah peningkatan anggaran obat, seringnya terjadi kekosongan stok obat, dan lead time pengadaan obat yang relatif lama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya efisiensi pengadaan dan penyimpanan obat dalam penyusunan rencana kebutuhan obat untuk memperlancar kegiatan operasional dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah riset operasional dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk menyusun upaya efisiensi baik dari pendekatan farmasi dan non farmasi. Pendekatan farmasi dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan obat menurut Analisis ABC nilai investasi kemudian membandingkan beberapa model inventori demi mendapatkan model dengan total biaya pengadaan dan penyimpanan obat terkecil, sementara pendekatan non farmasi melalui upaya manajemen formularium. Hasil Analisis ABC nilai investasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 34 jumlah obat kelompok A yang menjadi fokus utama efisiensi pengendalian biaya obat. Obat kelompok A tersebut kemudian dihitung perencanaan kebutuhannya dengan menggunakan model inventori Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) untuk menghasilkan perhitungan total biaya pengadaan dan penyimpanan obat (TIC) terkecil. Untuk mengantisipasi kejadian kekosongan stok obat dilakukan dengen menentukan nilai safety stock yang mempertimbangkan jumlah pemakaian dan lead time masing – masing obat. Kata kunci: Analisis ABC; Efisiensi; EOQ; TIC.
ABSTRACT Name : Ainurinsan Amaludin Program of Study : Hospital Administration Study Title : Medication Procurement and Inventory Efficiency in Planning Medication Procurement in RSUD Pasar Minggu Problems related to procuring medication often occur in hospital, including in RSUD Pasar Minggu. The problems involved are increased medication budget, the frequent occurrence of out of stock medication, and relatively long medication procurement lead time. Therefore, it is necessary to determine efforts to maximize efficiency in medication procurement and inventory in planning medication needs so that operational activities can be reinforced and the quality of health service can be improved. This is an operational research with qualitative and quantitative method to establish efficiency efforts both from pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical approaches. Pharmaceutical approach involves doing ABC Analysis to group the medication based on its investment values. Then, three inventory models will be compared to get the model with the lowest total inventory cost (TIC). Meanwhile, nonpharmaceutical approach is done by formulary management efforts. ABC Analysis of investment value indicates that group A medication consist of 34 items. Those items become the main focus of medication cost containment. The medication needs for group A are then calculated by Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model to generate the lowest TIC. In addition, safety stock calculation that determines not only the demand of the medication but also the procurement lead time of each drug is vital to anticipate the occurrence of out of stock medication. Keywords: ABC Analysis; Efficiency; EOQ; TIC.
