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Stunting merupakan permasalahan serius di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia tahun 2023 sebesar 21,5% menurun 0,1% dari tahun 2022. Prevalensi stunting di DKI Jakarta sebesar 17,6% meningkat 2,8% dari tahun 2022 sedangkan Jakarta utara memiliki kenaikan prevalensi stunting terendah dari 4 Kota Administrasi di DKI Jakarta yaitu 1,3% dari tahun 2022 dengan prevalensi stunting sebesar 19,8%. Jakarta utara memiliki kebijakan berupa modul aksi cegah stunting yaitu Jakarta Utara menuju Zero Stunting. Berdasarkan data BPS tahun 2023, terdapat 13,33% perempuan usia 10 tahun ketas di Jakarta Utara yang tidak menyelesaikan pendidikannya dan terdapat 7,24% penduduk miskin di Jakarta Utara. Berdasarkan Perpres RI No. 72 Tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting, target prevalensi stunting tahun 2024 sebesar 14%. Jakarta Utara masih memiliki gap sebesar 5,8% untuk mencapai target 14% prevalensi stunting di tahun 2024. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis implementasi kebijakan stunting di Jakarta Utara dari aspek ekonomi berupa program pemberian susu, telur untuk balita bermasalah gizi, makanan tambahan bagi ibu hamil Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) dan aspek pendidikan melalui edukasi stunting kepada ibu hamil dan orang tua balita sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting. Model implemntasi kebijakan yang digunakan adalah model Van Meter Van Horn. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 15 informan dari instansi pemerintah, orang tua balita dan ibu hamil serta FGD kepada kader posyandu di wilayah Cilincing dan Tanjung priok sebagai lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian dari aspek ekonomi pemberian susu dan telur bagi balita bermasalah gizi pada tahun 2023 berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan dan penanganan balita stunting di Jakarta Utara. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari 72,11% balita weight faltering mengalami kenaikan berat badan, 59,01% balita under weight sudah tidak under weight, 54,9% balita gizi kurang sudah tidak gizi kurang dan 45,34% gizi buruk sudah tidak menjadi gizi buruk serta 149 balita stunting sudah tidak menjadi stunting berdasarkan status gizi. Dari aspek pendidikan pemberian edukasi mengenai stunting kepada ibu hamil kurang optimal karena hanya 9,93% ibu hamil mendapatkan edukasi melalui kelas ibu yang dianggarkan oleh puskesmas di Jakarta Utara, namun semua orang tua balita bermasalah gizi sudah mendapatkan edukasi mengenai stunting. Diperlukan edukasi mengenai pencegahan dan penanganan stunting secara masif kepada ibu hamil dan orang tua balita serta perlu adanya regulasi mengenai pemberian pangan tinggi protein hewani bagi ibu hamil dan balita bermasalah gizi dan bagi balita dari keluarga dengan penghasilan di bawah UMP
Stunting is a serious problem throughout the world. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2023 is 21.5%, a decrease of 0.1% from 2022. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta is 17.6%, an increase of 2.8% from 2022, while North Jakarta has the lowest increase in stunting prevalence of the 4 Administrative Cities in DKI Jakarta, namely 1.3% from 2022 with a stunting prevalence of 19.8%. North Jakarta has a policy in the form of an action module to prevent stunting, namely North Jakarta towards Zero Stunting. Based on BPS data for 2023, there are 13.33% of women aged 10 years and above in North Jakarta who have not completed their education and there are 7.24% of poor people in North Jakarta. Based on RI Presidential Decree No. 72 of 2021 concerning the Acceleration of Reducing Stunting, the target for stunting prevalence in 2024 is 14%. North Jakarta still has a gap of 5.8% to achieve the target of 14% stunting prevalence in 2024. Therefore research was conducted regarding the analysis of the implementation of stunting policies in North Jakarta from an economic aspect in the form of programs providing milk, eggs for toddlers with nutritional problems, additional food. for pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) and educational aspects through stunting education for pregnant women and parents of toddlers as an effort to prevent and overcome stunting. The policy implementation model used is the Van Meter Van Horn model. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 informants from government agencies, parents of toddlers and pregnant women as well as FGDs with posyandu cadres in the Cilincing and Tanjung Priok areas as research locations. The results of research from the economic aspect of providing milk and eggs to toddlers with nutritional problems in 2023 will contribute to the prevention and handling of stunting toddlers in North Jakarta. This can be seen from 72.11% of underweight toddlers experiencing weight gain, 59.01% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight, 54.9% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight and 45.34% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight. malnutrition and 149 stunted toddlers were no longer stunted based on nutritional status. From an educational aspect, providing education about stunting to pregnant women is less than optimal because only 9.93% of pregnant women receive education through maternal classes budgeted for by the community health center in North Jakarta, but all parents of toddlers with nutritional problems have received education about stunting. Massive education regarding the prevention and handling of stunting is needed for pregnant women and parents of toddlers and there is a need for regulations regarding providing food high in animal protein for pregnant women and toddlers with nutritional problems and for toddlers from families with incomes below the UMP
This study described health worker training planning policies to see the performance of the implementation policies. This study uses qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and document observation. The analysis was carried out using the policy implementation model of Edward III (1980) and Van Meter & Van Horn (1975) to analyze factors that influence the process of the implementation policies, such as size and policy objectives, resources, communication between organization and implementation of activities, bureaucratic structure and characteristics of implementing agencies, disposition, social, economic and political environment, and implementation policies. The results show that the performance of planning policy implementation for health worker training was not optimal: the training program has not been based on training needs, and there are still policy outputs that are not in accordance with the guidelines. Factors influencing the implementation of the health worker training planning policies are still found to have obstacles: the size and objectives of the policy are not yet clear, the resources are inadequate, the socialization of the policy is still limited, the inconsistencies in policy implementation, the application of SOP is not optimal, and supervision mechanisms are not yet clear. This is necessary to evaluate these factors for successful policy implementation.
The current condition of the percentage of Puskesmas with types of health workers according to new standards has reached 23% and the target in 2024 is 83%, so Indonesia has a duty to meet 60% of its shortcomings. In addition to the indicators above, the 2020-2024 RPJMN also targets that 100% of puskesmas in Indonesia already have doctors, but according to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health as of 2018 there are still 15% of puskesmas in Indonesia that do not have doctors. In responding to problems regarding the fulfillment of health workers, special assignments can be carried out individually or in teams to support the Healthy Nusantara Program. The special assignment of health workers in supporting the Nusantara Sehat program is a potential policy to solve the problem of equal distribution of health services in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Health Workforce Special Assignment Policy in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 of 2018. In this study using qualitative methods with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews and secondary data through document review. The study used Van Meter and Van Horn's theory of policy analysis with variables of size and objectives, resources, characteristics of the implementing agency, communication between organizations, implementing dispositions, and the economic, social and political environment that influence policy implementation.The results showed that the objectives of this policy are still not measurable. Resources are constrained by a lack of understanding of the use of BOK Pusekesmas funds available by the Nusantara Sehat team. Good communication between implementing organizations. The characteristics of the implementer are constrained by limited human resources. The attitude of the executor is supportive. Good economic and political conditions can be conditioned by good communication. The conclusion was that the implementation went well even with the obstacles that were found. The recommendation of this research is that the successful implementation will be achieved if evaluation and monitoring and correction of deficiencies are carried out. This Permenkes policy is conditioned to undergo revision again so that improvements are needed that will simplify and clarify how this policy is implemented
