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Analisis Faktor Manusia pada Kasus Cedera Tangan dan Jari dengan Menggunakan Kerangka HFACS di PT. X
Diah Kusumawati; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, Ridwan Zahdi Syaaf, Fajar Seno Jati, Doni Agus Sumitro
Abstrak:
Pendahuluan: Di dalam industri hulu migas, cedera tangan dan jari merupakan tantangan besar. Setidaknya 50% dari kasus cedera di dalam industri migas merupakan cedera tangan dan jari. Di beberapa perusahaan, proporsi tersebut dapat menjadi lebih besar. Dalam analisis yang pernah dilakukan terhadap kecelakaan di perusahaan anggota IOGP, lebih dari delapan puluh persen diakibatkan karena factor manusia, baik yang disebabkan oleh faktor pribadi ataupun faktor organisasi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis factor manusia di dalam kasus cedera tangan dan jari yang teradi di PT. X sepanjang tahun 2014 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan kerangka HFACS. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X dari tahun 2014 hingga 2020. Hasil: Cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak disebabkan oleh skill-based errors dan routine violations. Kasus cedera yang diakibatkan skilled-based errors juga diperparah oleh pelanggaran aturan yang dilakukan bersama secara terus menerus (routine violations). Kondisi yang menjadi prekondisi dari tindakan tidak aman yang berkontribusi dalam cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak terkait crew/ resource management. berbagai faktor yang termasuk ke dalam kategori ini di antara lain komunikasi, koordinasi, perencanaan dan kerja tim yang mempengaruhi kinerja. Pengawasan yang tidak aman yang paling banyak terjadi adalah failed to correct known problems dan inadequate supervision. Inadequate supervision terkait dengan pengelolaan personil dan sumber daya termasuk pelatihan, panduan professional dan kepemimpinan operasional. Sedangkan failed to correct known problems terkait dengan kekurangan pada individu, peralatan, pelatihan atau area keselamatan lain “diketahui” oleh supervisor, namun dibiarkan tidak dikoreksi. Di level 4, pengaruh organisasi yang terbesar adalah Organisational Process. Organisational process adalah proses formal di mana visi sebuah organisasi dijalankan termasuk operasi, prosedur, dan kesalahan di antaranya. Kesimpulan: Gambaran HFACS pada kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X sejalan dengan gambaran umum HFACS yang ada dalam industri hulu migas, kecuali di level 2 yakni preconditions for unsafe acts. Sistem pembelajaran kejadian di PT. X masih dipengaruhi oleh teori domino dan belum mengintegrasikan konsep faktor manusia secara menyeluruh. Kerangka HFACS dapat membantu PT. X dalam menelaah lebih dalam defisiensi di dalam faktor manusia untuk dapat menetapkan tindakan perbaikan yang lebih tepat.
Introduction: Hand and finger injuries have always been major challenges in upstream oil and gas industry. At least 50% of injuries in upstream oil and gas impacting hand and fingers. In some companies, the proportion could be larger. More than 80% of incidents in IOGP members were caused by human factors, both personal and organizational factors. This study aims to analyze human factors in hand and finger injuries at PT. X by using HFACS framework. Methodology: The study was conducted by applying qualitative descriptive analysis by using secondary data, investigation report of hand and finger injures from 2014 to 2020. Results: Skill-based errors and routine violations contributed in most of hand and finger injuries in PT.X. Routine violations were found as aggravating factors in skill-based errors injuries/ crew resource management were dominating level 2, preconditions for unsafe acts, it consists of coordination, communication, planning and team work that impacting performance. Unsafe supervision that occurred the most are inadequate supervision and failed to correct known problems. Inadequate supervision related to personnel and resources management including trainings, professional guidance and operational leadership. Failed to correct known problems related to deficiencies in individual, equipment, training or the safety area “known” to supervisor but left uncorrected. In level 4, Organizational process was the weak chain of organizational influences. Organizational process is a formal process where organization’s vision is implemented on Site, including operations, procedures. Conclusion: HFACS of hand and finger injuries in PT. X is in line with general HFACS description in upstream oil and gas industry, except for level 2, pre-conditions for unsafe acts. Learning from incident system in PT. X was still highly influenced by domino theory and has not yet integrated human factors. HFACS framework can help PT. X to dig deeper in human factors deficiencies in organization so PT. X can define more effective mitigation & preventive measures.
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Pendahuluan: Di dalam industri hulu migas, cedera tangan dan jari merupakan tantangan besar. Setidaknya 50% dari kasus cedera di dalam industri migas merupakan cedera tangan dan jari. Di beberapa perusahaan, proporsi tersebut dapat menjadi lebih besar. Dalam analisis yang pernah dilakukan terhadap kecelakaan di perusahaan anggota IOGP, lebih dari delapan puluh persen diakibatkan karena factor manusia, baik yang disebabkan oleh faktor pribadi ataupun faktor organisasi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis factor manusia di dalam kasus cedera tangan dan jari yang teradi di PT. X sepanjang tahun 2014 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan kerangka HFACS. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X dari tahun 2014 hingga 2020. Hasil: Cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak disebabkan oleh skill-based errors dan routine violations. Kasus cedera yang diakibatkan skilled-based errors juga diperparah oleh pelanggaran aturan yang dilakukan bersama secara terus menerus (routine violations). Kondisi yang menjadi prekondisi dari tindakan tidak aman yang berkontribusi dalam cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak terkait crew/ resource management. berbagai faktor yang termasuk ke dalam kategori ini di antara lain komunikasi, koordinasi, perencanaan dan kerja tim yang mempengaruhi kinerja. Pengawasan yang tidak aman yang paling banyak terjadi adalah failed to correct known problems dan inadequate supervision. Inadequate supervision terkait dengan pengelolaan personil dan sumber daya termasuk pelatihan, panduan professional dan kepemimpinan operasional. Sedangkan failed to correct known problems terkait dengan kekurangan pada individu, peralatan, pelatihan atau area keselamatan lain “diketahui” oleh supervisor, namun dibiarkan tidak dikoreksi. Di level 4, pengaruh organisasi yang terbesar adalah Organisational Process. Organisational process adalah proses formal di mana visi sebuah organisasi dijalankan termasuk operasi, prosedur, dan kesalahan di antaranya. Kesimpulan: Gambaran HFACS pada kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X sejalan dengan gambaran umum HFACS yang ada dalam industri hulu migas, kecuali di level 2 yakni preconditions for unsafe acts. Sistem pembelajaran kejadian di PT. X masih dipengaruhi oleh teori domino dan belum mengintegrasikan konsep faktor manusia secara menyeluruh. Kerangka HFACS dapat membantu PT. X dalam menelaah lebih dalam defisiensi di dalam faktor manusia untuk dapat menetapkan tindakan perbaikan yang lebih tepat.
Introduction: Hand and finger injuries have always been major challenges in upstream oil and gas industry. At least 50% of injuries in upstream oil and gas impacting hand and fingers. In some companies, the proportion could be larger. More than 80% of incidents in IOGP members were caused by human factors, both personal and organizational factors. This study aims to analyze human factors in hand and finger injuries at PT. X by using HFACS framework. Methodology: The study was conducted by applying qualitative descriptive analysis by using secondary data, investigation report of hand and finger injures from 2014 to 2020. Results: Skill-based errors and routine violations contributed in most of hand and finger injuries in PT.X. Routine violations were found as aggravating factors in skill-based errors injuries/ crew resource management were dominating level 2, preconditions for unsafe acts, it consists of coordination, communication, planning and team work that impacting performance. Unsafe supervision that occurred the most are inadequate supervision and failed to correct known problems. Inadequate supervision related to personnel and resources management including trainings, professional guidance and operational leadership. Failed to correct known problems related to deficiencies in individual, equipment, training or the safety area “known” to supervisor but left uncorrected. In level 4, Organizational process was the weak chain of organizational influences. Organizational process is a formal process where organization’s vision is implemented on Site, including operations, procedures. Conclusion: HFACS of hand and finger injuries in PT. X is in line with general HFACS description in upstream oil and gas industry, except for level 2, pre-conditions for unsafe acts. Learning from incident system in PT. X was still highly influenced by domino theory and has not yet integrated human factors. HFACS framework can help PT. X to dig deeper in human factors deficiencies in organization so PT. X can define more effective mitigation & preventive measures.
T-6942
Depok : FKM UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Allif Fahriyani Masiha; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Chandra Satrya, Hendra, Taufik Akbar Dermawan, Irma Lestari
Abstrak:
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Dewasa ini industri minyak dan gas bumi mengalami peningkatan kejadian insiden. Data IOGP (2022) menyebutkan bahwa, total keseluruhan tingkat cedera yang tercatat adalah 0,77, 10% lebih tinggi dari tahun 2020 yaitu 0,70. Peningkatan ini menunjukkan bahwa industri hulu migas masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam meningkatkan kinerja keselamatannya. Salah satu insiden yang sering terjadi adalah cedera tangan dan jari. Hal ini sejalan dengan data di PT. XYZ yang bergerak di industri eksplorasi dan eksploitasi minyak dan gas bumi. Terjadinya kenaikan insiden cedera tangan dan jari pada PT. XYZ di tahun 2021-2022, dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis insiden cedera tangan dan jari yang terjadi di PT. XYZ pada tahun 2021-2022, dengan menggunakan metode Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengkajian mendalam bersifat deskriptif analitik untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai insiden, dilaksanakan pada Maret – Juni 2023. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan telaah dokumen dari data sekunder PT. XYZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. XYZ mengalami lima kasus cedera tangan dan jari dengan penyebab yang berbeda-beda. Dari hasil analisis investigasi insiden menggunakan HFACS diketahui bahwa faktor yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinya insiden adalah unsafe act sebesar 34%. Dapat dikatakan bahwa unsafe act menjadi active failure yang paling dominan sebagai penyebab terjadinya insiden cedera tangan dan jari. Namun hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi laten pada lapisan lainnya dalam kerangka HFACS. Disarankan kepada PT. XYZ untuk melakukan pencegahan insiden dengan pendekatan yang holistik, melibatkan perubahan di berbagai tingkatan, dari individu hingga tingkat organisasi. Melalui pemahaman yang mendalam tentang semua lapisan ini, langkah-langkah pencegahan yang efektif dapat diambil untuk mengurangi insiden cedera pada tangan dan jari, serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman secara keseluruhan.
In recent times, the oil and gas industry has experienced an escalation in incident occurrences. According to IOGP data (2022), the overall recorded injury rate is 0.77, which is 10% higher than the rate of 0.70 in 2020. This increase signifies that the upstream oil and gas industry still faces various challenges in enhancing its safety performance. One of the frequently occurring incidents is hand and finger injuries. This aligns with the data at PT. XYZ, which operates in the oil and gas exploration and exploitation sector. The rise in hand and finger injury incidents at PT. XYZ in 2021-2022 is concerning as it can potentially disrupt productivity. This study aims to analyze hand and finger injury incidents that occurred at PT. XYZ in 2021-2022 using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. The research design is an analytical descriptive in-depth assessment. The study was conducted from March to June 2023. Data collection was performed through document review of secondary data from PT. XYZ. The results of the study reveal that PT. XYZ encountered five cases of hand and finger injuries with varying causes. From the analysis of incident investigations using HFACS, it is evident that the most influential factor in incident occurrence is unsafe acts, accounting for 34%. Unsafe acts can be considered the most dominant active failure leading to hand and finger injury incidents. However, this is also influenced by latent conditions in other layers within the HFACS framework. It is recommended that PT. XYZ undertakes incident prevention with a holistic approach, involving changes at various levels, from individual to organizational levels. Through an in-depth understanding of all these layers, effective preventive measures can be implemented to reduce hand and finger injury incidents and create an overall safer working environment.
T-6826
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nurcahyo Kurniawan Prihatsono; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Alwahono dan Ridha Renaldi
Abstrak:
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Industri pertambangan dikenal sebagai lingkungan kerja dan aktivitas operasional dengan risiko tinggi, bahkan dikategorikan sebagai salah satu aktivitas paling berbahaya pada industri modern. Industri ini berada di antara peringkat tertinggi yang mengalami cedera dan hari kerja hilang, terdapat banyak jenis cedera yang terjadi dan cedera adalah salah satunya. Jari dilaporkan menjadi salah satu bagian tubuh yang paling sering mengalami cedera. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada salah satu perusahaan tambang di Indonesia, PT X, dalam jangka waktu lina tahun (2018-2022) menggunakan data hasil investigasi kecelakaan. Dalam periode ini data statistik menunjukkan adanya tren peningkatan dan berdasarkan hasil investigasi kecelakaan menggunakan metode RCA ditemukan bahwa 74% kasus akibat dari perilaku atau kegagalan manusia. Analisis lebih mendalam dilakukan menggunakan kerangka kerja HFACS-MI untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya kegagalan dalam berbagai lapisan pertahanan di dalam perusahaan. Faktor penyebab terbesar dibandingkan dengan jumlah kasus adalah kategori Organizational Influences (196,17%) dikuti oleh Unsafe Acts (156,28%), Precondition for Unsafe Acts (117,49%), dan Unsafe Leadership (97,27%).
Mining industries are known as high-risk working environments and operational activities, they are categorized as one of the most dangerous activities in modern industry today. It ranks among the highest producers of injuries and lost working days, there are many types of injuries that contribute to this, finger injury is one of them. Fingers are reported to be one of the most injured body parts. This research carried out in a mining company in Indonesia, PT X, within a period of five years (2018-2022) based on their accident investigation data. Within this period statistical data shows an increasing trend and referring to accident investigation conducted using RCA method it was found that 74% due to behavior or human error. Further analysis conducted using HFACS-MI framework to find out causal factors contributing to failure in various defence layer within organization. The biggest contributing factors, compared to number of cases, are Organizational Influences category (196.17%) followed by Unsafe Acts (156.28%), Precondition for Unsafe Acts (117.49%), and Unsafe Leadership (97.27%).
T-7090
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nathania Andine Nariswari; Pembimbing: Chandra Satrya; Penguji: Zulkifli Djunaidi, Mohammad Adiwirabrata
Abstrak:
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Sektor konstruksi yang memiliki proses dan tahapan kerja yang kompleks membuat tempat kerjanya berisiko tinggi mengalami berbagai jenis kecelakaan kerja, tidak terkecuali cedera tangan dan jari. Cedera tangan dan jari, mulai dari luka sayat hingga cacat permanen pada tangan dan jari dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas bahkan dapat mengakhiri karir seseorang. PT X merupakan perusahaan sektor konstruksi dengan persentase cedera tangan dan jari yang mendominasi selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran risiko terkait cedera tangan pada sektor konstruksi, lebih tepatnya pada proses pemasangan dan pembongkaran aluminium formwork di Jobsite Y PT X. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi deskriptif dengan metode campuran, yaitu metode kualitatif dengan observasi lapangan dan konsultasi, serta metode semi kuantitatif untuk analisis risiko. Analisis risiko dilakukan secara mendalam mulai dari mengidentifikasi bahaya mekanik dan kejadian tak terduga, menganalisis tingkat kemungkinan, pajanan, dan konsekuensi, serta menghitung penurunan risiko dari upaya pengendalian yang telah dilakukan oleh PT X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko tertinggi terkait cedera tangan dan jari memiliki dampak tangan atau jari terputus, serta terendah dengan dampak cedera ringan akibat terkilir. Terdapat rata-rata penurunan risiko sebesar 37,53% dari upaya pengendalian yang telah dilakukan Jobsite Y PT X terkait cedera tangan dan jari.
The construction sector, which has complex work processes and stages, puts workplaces at high risk of experiencing various types of work accidents, including hand and finger injuries. Hand and finger injuries, ranging from cuts to permanent defects in the hands and fingers, can affect productivity and can even end a person's career. PT X is a construction sector company with a dominant percentage of hand and finger injuries over the last few years. This research aims to provide an overview of the risks related to hand injuries in the construction sector, more precisely in the process of installing and dismantling aluminum formwork at Jobsite Y PT X. The research uses a descriptive study design with mixed methods, namely qualitative methods with field observations and consultations, as well as semi-quantitative methods for risk analysis. Risk analysis is carried out in depth starting from identifying mechanical hazards and unexpected events, analyzing the level of probability, exposure and consequences, as well as calculating risk reduction from control efforts that have been carried out by PT X. The results of the study showed that the highest level of risk related to hand and finger injuries was due to a severed hand or finger, and the lowest was due to minor injuries due to sprains. There is an average risk reduction of 37.53% from the control efforts that have been carried out by Jobsite Y PT X regarding hand and finger injuries.
S-11669
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Andini Aisyah Putri; Pembimbing: Mufti Wirawan; Penguji: Zulkifli Djunaidi, Imam Pratama Azi
Abstrak:
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Kasus kecelakaan kerja di industri semen, khususnya area packer merupakan masalah serius yang dapat berdampak pada banyak hal termasuk produktivitas, keselamatan, dan kesejahteraan pekerja. Data menunjukkan bahwa kecelakaan kerja di area Packer Industri Semen PT X Tahun 2024 mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan tahun 2023 dan menjadi lokasi dengan frekuensi kecelakaan tertinggi selama 2024. Investigasi kecelakaan kerja dan tindakan perbaikan telah dilakukan oleh PT X, tetapi kecelakaan terus berulang. Hal tersebut mungkin saja karena terlewatnya analisis faktor manusia dalam proses investigasi kecelakaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran kontribusi faktor manusia berupa kondisi laten dan kegagalan aktif terhadap kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di area packer PT X selama 2023-2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitik menggunakan metode Human Factor Analysis Classification System (HFACS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi laten lebih banyak berkontribusi terhadap kecelakaan kerja di area packer PT X dibandingkan kegagalan aktif. Faktor kondisi laten yang paling berkontribusi terhadap kecelakaan kerja diantaranya organizational climate, organizational process, resource management, dan inadequate supervision. Sementara, faktor kegagalan aktif yang paling banyak berkontribusi adalah decision error. PT X perlu melakukan perbaikan kondisi laten dari level organisasi dan pengendalian kegagalan aktif atas faktor-faktor yang ditemukan berkontribusi terhadap kecelakaan kerja di area packer.
Occupational accident cases in the cement industry, especially the packer area, are a serious problem that can have an impact on many things including productivity, safety, and worker welfare. Data shows that occupational accidents in the Packer area of the PT X Cement Industry in 2024 have increased compared to 2023, making it the area with the highest accident frequency in 2024. Occupational accident investigations and corrective actions have been conducted, but accidents continue to recur. This may be due to the absence of human factor analysis during the investigation process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine contribution of human factors specifically latent conditions and active failures to occupational accidents that occurred in the PT X packer area during 2023-2024. This study was conducted using a descriptive analytical method using the Human Factor Analysis Classification System (HFACS) method. The results of the study showed that latent conditions contributed more to occupational accidents than active failures. The latent condition factors that contributed the most to occupational accidents included organizational climate, organizational process, resource management, and inadequate supervision. Meanwhile, the active failure factor that contributed the most was decision error. PT X needs to improve latent conditions at the organizational level and implement control to mitigate active failures in the packer area.
Occupational accident cases in the cement industry, especially the packer area, are a serious problem that can have an impact on many things including productivity, safety, and worker welfare. Data shows that occupational accidents in the Packer area of the PT X Cement Industry in 2024 have increased compared to 2023, making it the area with the highest accident frequency in 2024. Occupational accident investigations and corrective actions have been conducted, but accidents continue to recur. This may be due to the absence of human factor analysis during the investigation process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine contribution of human factors specifically latent conditions and active failures to occupational accidents that occurred in the PT X packer area during 2023-2024. This study was conducted using a descriptive analytical method using the Human Factor Analysis Classification System (HFACS) method. The results of the study showed that latent conditions contributed more to occupational accidents than active failures. The latent condition factors that contributed the most to occupational accidents included organizational climate, organizational process, resource management, and inadequate supervision. Meanwhile, the active failure factor that contributed the most was decision error. PT X needs to improve latent conditions at the organizational level and implement control to mitigate active failures in the packer area.
S-12103
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Jesslyn; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Hendra, Puti Aspita Yulianti
Abstrak:
Cedera jari dan tangan sangatlah umum terjadi pada Divisi Maintenance. Hal inidikarenakan tipe pekerjaan pada Divisi Maintenance adalah pemasangan danpelepasan komponen yang bervariasi tahapannya, pekerjaan dilakukan saatberjalannya proses, menggunakan mesin yang rumit dan bekerja dengan tekananwaktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan gambaran kecelakaankerja dan analisis penyebab kecelakaan kerja pada insiden cedera jari dan tangandi Divisi Maintenance PT X. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitiancampuran (mixed methods research) yang diawali dengan pengumpulan 102 datakecelakaan kemudian wawancara mendalam pada 6 orang yang mengalamicedera jari dan tangan, pengawas dan manajemen. Penyebab langsung palingbanyak adalah tidak mengetahui adanya potensi bahaya, mengambil keputusanyang tidak tepat dan penggunaan perkakas secara tidak tepat. Penyebab dasarpaling banyak adalah pengembangan PSP yang tidak memadai, perilaku amanyang penting tidak cukup diidentifikasi. Pekerja masih kurang memiliki kesadaranterkait kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Peran supervisor dalam mencegahkecelakaan adalah dengan mengingatkan pekerja terkait aspek keselamatan.Manajemen berperan dalam membuat dan mengembangkan prosedur kerja dalammencegah kecelakaan.
Kata kunci :Kecelakaan kerja, cedera jari dan tangan, divisi maintenance,penyebab langsung, penyebab dasar.
Hand and finger injuries commonly happen in maintenance division. This happenbecause type of work in maintenance division have various stage, workingalongside a running process, using complicated machinery, and time contraints.The objective of this study was to describe occupational accident and analyzeaccident causes hand and finger injury in Maintenance Division PT X. Thisresearch use mixed method research, that start with collecting accident data and indepth interview to 6 person hand and finger injuried, supervisor and management.The most direct causes were lack of knowledge of hazards present, improperdecision making or lack of judgement, and improper use of tools. The underlyingcauses were inadequate development of policies / standards / procedures andinadequate identification of critical safe behaviors. Workers have inadequateawareness to health and safety. The roles of supervisor are reminder workersabout safety issues. Management have made and developed work procedure toprevent accident.
Key words : accident, finger and hand injury, maintenance division, direct causes, underlying causes, supervisor, management.
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Kata kunci :Kecelakaan kerja, cedera jari dan tangan, divisi maintenance,penyebab langsung, penyebab dasar.
Hand and finger injuries commonly happen in maintenance division. This happenbecause type of work in maintenance division have various stage, workingalongside a running process, using complicated machinery, and time contraints.The objective of this study was to describe occupational accident and analyzeaccident causes hand and finger injury in Maintenance Division PT X. Thisresearch use mixed method research, that start with collecting accident data and indepth interview to 6 person hand and finger injuried, supervisor and management.The most direct causes were lack of knowledge of hazards present, improperdecision making or lack of judgement, and improper use of tools. The underlyingcauses were inadequate development of policies / standards / procedures andinadequate identification of critical safe behaviors. Workers have inadequateawareness to health and safety. The roles of supervisor are reminder workersabout safety issues. Management have made and developed work procedure toprevent accident.
Key words : accident, finger and hand injury, maintenance division, direct causes, underlying causes, supervisor, management.
S-9161
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Cahyo Hardo Priyoasmoro; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Mufti Wirawan, Achmad Dahlan, Ivan Fadlun Azmy
Abstrak:
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Resiko bekerja di perusahaan migas PT X yang berlokasi di offshore Natuna adalah relatif tinggi. Sepanjang tahun 2018 – 2023 terjadi fluktuasi kecelakaan kerja di PT. X. Bahkan setelah dua tahun (tahun 2020 dan 2019) tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja untuk kategori recordable injury (kasus di atas FAC), di tahun 2021 terjadi lagi 3 kasus (1 RWDC dan 2 MTC) dan di tahun 2022 terjadi 4 kasus (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, dan 2 MTC). Di tahun 2023 terjadi 1 kasus (1 RWDC). Korban kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2021 didominasi oleh pekerja kontrak dan pekerja tetap sedangkan kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2022 dan 2023 semuanya terjadi pada pekerja kontrak. Sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi penyebab langsungnya adalah unsafe acts. Sampai saat ini belum ada analisis menyeluruh dari data investigasi kecelakaan-kecelakaan yang telah dilakukan PT X untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor penyebab dasar dari semua kecelakaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian perlu dilakukan, dan karena berhubungan dengan human factor, maka pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut dengan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X antara tahun 2018 – 2023 dengan metode HFACS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa rekaman kejadian kecelakaan dan laporan investigasi atas 41 kecelakaan di PT X. Data sekunder tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan empat (4) tahapan kegagalan di metode HFACS, yaitu unsafe acts, precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, dan organizational influence. Pengklasifikasian ini divalidasi oleh dua ahli keselamatan kerja, di mana hasil validasinya relatif tinggi (96%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor HFACS yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan terbesar berturut-turut adalah adverse mental state (51,2%), skill-based error (39%), routine violations (34,1%), dan tools/technological dan resource management (masing-masing 31,7%). Kemudian disusul oleh decision error (29,3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problem dan organizational process masing-masing (17,1%), lalu supervisory violation dan organizational climate masing-masing (9,8%). Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor HFACS yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan program K3 perusahaan guna menurunkan angka kecelakaan dengan memprioritaskannya pada faktor HFACS yang bersifat latent failure baru kemudian pada faktor active failure-nya, karena latent failure - jika diperbaiki- akan menjadi kunci untuk mencegah berulangnya kecelakaan.
The risks of working for the PT X , an oil and gas company located offshore Natuna are relatively high. Throughout 2018 – 2023 there were fluctuations in work accidents at PT. X. Even after two years (2020 and 2019) there was no work accident for the recordable injury category (cases above FAC), in 2021 there were 3 cases (1 RWDC and 2 MTC) and in 2022 there were 4 cases (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, and 2 MTC). In 2023 there was 1 case (1 RWDC). Work accident victims in 2021 are dominated by contract workers and permanent workers, while work accidents in 2022 and 2023 all occur in contract workers. Most of the accidents that occur are directly caused by unsafe acts. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of accident investigation data that has been carried out by PT X to obtain the basic causal factors of all these accidents. Thus, research needs to be carried out, and because it is related to human factors, this research will analyze the factors that cause work accidents using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. Objective: Analyzing the factors that influence work accidents at PT X between 2018 – 2023 using the HFACS method. Method: This research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used is in the form of recordings of accidents and investigation reports on 41 accidents at PT X . This classification was validated by two occupational safety experts, where the validation results were relatively high (96%). Results: The research results explain that the HFACS factors that influence the biggest accidents are adverse mental state (51.2%), skill-based errors (39%), routine violations (34.1%), and tools/technological and resources, respectively. management (31.7% each). Then followed by decision errors (29.3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problems and organizational processes respectively (17.1%), then supervisory violations and organizational climate respectively (9.8%). Conclusion: The HFACS factors that influence work accidents in PT X can be used as input for improving the company's H&S program to reduce the number of accidents by prioritizing the HFACS factors which are latent failures and then the active failure factors, because latent failures - if corrected - will become key to preventing recurrence of accidents.
T-6952
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Az Zahra Amalia Putri; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Mufti Wirawan, Herna Rosalin
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Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor kegagalan yang terjadi terhadap insiden di jalur hauling PT.X, dimana insiden di jalur hauling merupakan insiden berulang dengan persentase tertinggi selama dua tahun terakhir. Fokus penelitian merupakan analisis dari faktor individu ke organisasi, yaitu kondisi laten dan kegagalan aktif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibuat berdasarkan Human Factor Analysis Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI) dengan teknik telaah dokumen dan wawacara sebagai pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kondisi laten lebih banyak ditemukan, khususnya organizational influence dan unsafe leadership yang berinteraksi dengan kegagalan aktif, dimana skill based error paling banyak ditemukan dalam penelitian. Interaksi dari kedua faktor kegagalan tersebut meningkatkan risiko terjadinya insiden di jalur hauling.
This study analyzes the factors contributing to incidents on the hauling route of PT.X, where incidents on the hauling route have been recurring with the highest percentage over the past two years. The research focuses on analyzing factors from individual to organizational levels, specifically latent conditions and active failures. The methodology employed in this study is based on the Human Factor Analysis Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI), utilizing document review and interviews as data collection techniques. The research findings reveal a predominance of latent conditions, particularly organizational influences and unsafe leadership, interacting with active failures, where skill-based errors are most frequently identified. The interaction of these two failure factors increases the risk of incidents on the hauling route.
S-11541
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Theresia Iin Wulandari; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Stevan Deby Anbiya Muhamad Sunarno, Imam Santoso, Machfud
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Industri minyak dan gas bumi merupakan sektor dengan tingkat risiko keselamatan kerja yang tinggi akibat kompleksitas operasi, penggunaan teknologi bertekanan tinggi, serta paparan energi berbahaya. Meskipun indikator kinerja keselamatan seperti Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) menunjukkan tren perbaikan, kecelakaan dengan konsekuensi tinggi seperti fatality masih tetap terjadi. Kejadian fatality tidak hanya menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa, tetapi juga berdampak terhadap aspek operasional, finansial, dan reputasi perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kejadian fatality pada Perusahaan X selama periode tahun 2021–2025 menggunakan metode Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan investigasi kejadian fatality. Unit analisis penelitian terdiri atas 12 kejadian fatality yang terjadi pada periode tahun 2021–2025. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan faktor penyebab kecelakaan ke dalam empat level HFACS, yaitu Unsafe Acts, Preconditions for Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Supervision, dan Organizational Influences. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan pada level Unsafe Acts adalah Routine Violations dan Perceptual Errors (83%) dan Decision Errors (50%). Pada level Preconditions for Unsafe Acts, faktor dominan adalah Communication, Coordination and Planning (83%), Tools/Technology (75%), dan Mental States (75%). Pada level Unsafe Supervision, faktor Inadequate Supervision ditemukan pada seluruh kasus (100%), sedangkan Planned Inappropriate Operations dan Failure to Correct Known Problem masing-masing ditemukan pada 92% kasus. Pada level Organizational Influences, faktor Operational Process dan Resource Management ditemukan pada seluruh kasus (100%), sedangkan Organizational Culture ditemukan pada 92% kasus. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar korban fatality merupakan pekerja kontraktor. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kejadian fatality pada industri migas merupakan hasil interaksi berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan mulai dari level organisasi, pengawasan, kondisi kerja, hingga tindakan individu. Pendekatan HFACS mampu mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor laten yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya fatality sehingga dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan strategi pencegahan kecelakaan berkonsekuensi tinggi pada industri migas.
The oil and gas industry is recognized as a high-risk sector due to operational complexity, high-pressure technologies, and exposure to hazardous energy sources. Although safety performance indicators such as the Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) have shown improvement trends, high-consequence incidents such as fatalities continue to occur. Fatal accidents not only result in the loss of life but also have significant operational, financial, and reputational impacts on organizations. This study aimed to analyze the contributing factors of fatal occupational accidents in Company X during the period 2021–2025 using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). This study employed a descriptive-analytic design using qualitative and quantitative approaches based on secondary data obtained from fatal accident investigation reports. The unit of analysis consisted of 12 fatal incidents that occurred between 2021 and 2025. Accident contributing factors were classified according to the four HFACS levels: Unsafe Acts, Preconditions for Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Supervision, and Organizational Influences. The results revealed that the most dominant factor within the Unsafe Acts level were Routine Violations and Perceptual Errors (83%), followed by Decision Errors (50%). At the Preconditions for Unsafe Acts level, the dominant factors were Communication, Coordination and Planning (83%), Tools/Technology (75%), and Mental States (75%). Within the Unsafe Supervision category, Inadequate Supervision was identified in all fatal cases (100%), while Planned Inappropriate Operations and Failure to Correct Known Problem were identified in 92% of the cases. At the Organizational Influences level, Operational Process and Resource Management were found in all cases (100%), whereas Organizational Culture was identified in 92% of the cases. The study also found that most fatality victims were contractor personnel. This study concludes that fatal occupational accidents in the oil and gas industry are the result of interactions among organizational, supervisory, workplace, and individual factors. HFACS proved effective in identifying latent conditions contributing to fatal accidents and can therefore serve as a basis for developing high-consequence risk prevention strategies in the oil and gas industry.
T-7693
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hendarko Daris; Pembimbing: Indri HapsariSusilowati; Penguji: Chandra Satrya, Dadan Erwandi, Heru Swidatmiko, Akhmad Nurulhuda
Abstrak:
HFACS ( Human Factor Analysis and Classification System ) adalah pendekatan yang telah banyak di gunakan dalam melakukan investigasi kecelakaan untuk mengetahui kelemahan dalam suatu organisasi. HFACS ini terdiri dari empat lapisan yaitu unsafe act, precondition to unsafe act, unsafe supervision dan organizational influence. Kecelakaan dapat di cegah dengan menutup lubang pada lapisan pertahanan. Prinsip HFACS ini implementasikan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang menjadi kelemahan pada perilaku mengemudi yang tidak aman tahun 2020 di PT. X, sebuah perusahaan minyak di wilayah Indonesia. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa pengemudi yang melakukan perilaku tidak aman merupakan pengemudi dengan
HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) is an approach that has been widely used in investigating accidents to find out weaknesses in an organization. This HFACS consists of four layers, namely unsafe act, precondition to unsafe act, unsafe supervision and organizational influence. Accidents can be prevented by closing holes at each defense layer. The HFACS principle is implemented to identify factors that contribute at unsafe driving behavior at PT. X, an oil company in Indonesia. Based on research finding, drivers who commit unsafe behavior are drivers with age 44 - 55 years (77.7%), experience over 16 years (63.1%), carried out on public roads (80.6%), on the afternoon shift (81, 6%), with a position as a team member (64.1%) and in the northern part of the company (56.3%). Weaknesses at the unsafe act level are decision errors (58.3%) ie not consistently applying risk assessment and not implementing safe work procedures. Weakness at level 2 is adverse mental state (52.4%), namely lack of focus in driving. Weakness at level 3 is inadequate supervision (65%) lack of consistent level of supervision to conduct safety supervision. Weakness at level 4 is the lack of consistency in the implementation of operational processes (62.1%), namely the implementation of risk assessment in an organization
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HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) is an approach that has been widely used in investigating accidents to find out weaknesses in an organization. This HFACS consists of four layers, namely unsafe act, precondition to unsafe act, unsafe supervision and organizational influence. Accidents can be prevented by closing holes at each defense layer. The HFACS principle is implemented to identify factors that contribute at unsafe driving behavior at PT. X, an oil company in Indonesia. Based on research finding, drivers who commit unsafe behavior are drivers with age 44 - 55 years (77.7%), experience over 16 years (63.1%), carried out on public roads (80.6%), on the afternoon shift (81, 6%), with a position as a team member (64.1%) and in the northern part of the company (56.3%). Weaknesses at the unsafe act level are decision errors (58.3%) ie not consistently applying risk assessment and not implementing safe work procedures. Weakness at level 2 is adverse mental state (52.4%), namely lack of focus in driving. Weakness at level 3 is inadequate supervision (65%) lack of consistent level of supervision to conduct safety supervision. Weakness at level 4 is the lack of consistency in the implementation of operational processes (62.1%), namely the implementation of risk assessment in an organization
T-5876
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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