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Tuberkulosis sensitif obat (TB SO) salah satu penyakit infeksius penyebab kematian utama dunia. Terjadi peningkatan kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status bekerja, klasifikasi lokasi anatomi, klasifikasi riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV dengan kematian pasien TB SO selama masa pengobatan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode : Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif dengan metode analisis survival Kaplan meier. Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan proporsi kematian pasien sebesar 4,5% dengan probabilitas kesintasan mencapai 90,1%. Faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kematian pasien adalah usia >40 tahun (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2,3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1,925-2,629), jenis kelamin laki-laki (HR 1,2; 95% CI 1,047-1,396), pasien kambuh dan lainnya (HR 2,8; 95% CI 2,351-3,339), memiliki komorbid DM (HR 1,4; 95% CI 1,159-1,598), dan status positif HIV (HR 4,7; 95% CI 3,879-5,623). Kesimpulan : Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV merupakan faktor kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Saran berupa dilakukan audit penyebab kematian dan peningkatan standar prosedur layanan oleh pihak Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi direkomendasikan.
Drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB SO) is one of the world's leading causes of death. There has been an increase in the deaths of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of age, gender, work status, anatomical location classification, treatment history classification, DM comorbidities, and HIV status on the death of TB SO patients during the treatment period in DKI Jakarta Province. Methods: The study design of this research was a retrospective cohort with the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method. Results: The results showed that the proportion of patient deaths was 4.5% with survival probability was 90.1%. Factors of death were age >40 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.925-2.629), male gender (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.047-1.396), patient relapse and others ( HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.351-3.339), having comorbid DM (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.159-1.598), and HIV positive (HR 4.7; 95% CI 3.879-5.623). Conclusion: Age, gender, treatment history, comorbid DM, and HIV status are death factors of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Suggestions in the form of an audit of the causes of death and improving standard service procedures by the Provincial Health Service are recommended.
Introduction: Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) mortality. Aim of this study is to determine the association of comorbid diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in DKI Jakarta for period March-August 2020, after being controlled with confounding variables. Methode: The study design is a retrospective cohort. The inclusion criteria are confirmed cases of COVID-19 with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reported to the DKI Jakarta provincial health office, with complete variables. Exclusion criteria is pregnant women. Of the total 41,008 cases in the Jakarta provincial health office's COVID-19 report, there are 30,641 cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1,480 samples in this study are taken from all (740) COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM and 740 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM which are taken through simple random sampling of 29,901 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM. The data were analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression. The study result indicates that the crude association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases is Crude Hazard Ratio (CHR) 7,4 (95% CI 4,5-12,3, pValue < 0,001). While association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases after being controlled by covariates (hypertensive comorbidities and age groups (> 50 years and < 50 years) is 3.9 (95% CI 2.2- 6.8, p Value <0.001), which means that COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM have a 3.9 times risk of death. Discussion: The results of this study are in line with other studies that indicate DM co- morbidities increase the risk of death from COVID-19. To reduce the incidence of death in COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM, a strategy for preventing and treating COVID- 19 with triage and special attention is needed for rapid and prompt management and monitoring for COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUD Al Ihsan pada periode Maret 2020 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2021 dengan kriteria inklusi merupakan pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 melalui pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) berusia lebih dari sama dengan 18 tahun. Perbedaan probabilitas kesintasan didapatkan dari analisis kesintasan dengan kaplan meier. Analisis Cox Proporsional Hazard digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19.
Hasil. Sebanyak 308 pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selama 21 hari pengamatan, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 (71,24% vs 84,13%). Sampai akhir pengamatan selama 49 hari, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 menurun dan berbeda dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mana probabilitas kesintasannya 48,98% vs 84,13% dengan nilai p 0,0056. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel confounder yaitu umur, gejala batuk, ARDS, vaksinasi, gagal ginjal kronis, penggunaan ventilator, terapi antivirus dan persentase BOR Isolasi COVID-19 saat admisi. Hazard ratio adjusted hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 pada model akhir analisis multivariat sebesar 2,676 (95% IK 1,24-5,73).
Kesimpulan. Probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkatkan resiko kematian pada pasien COVID-19.
Introduction. The high prevalence of diabetes in the population causes diabetes to become one of the comorbidities that many COVID-19 patients suffer from. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 and even death. This study aims to determine the difference in survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province.
Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The population of study were COVID-19 patients who were treated at Al Ihsan Hospital in the period March 2020 to December 31, 2021 with inclusion criteria being confirmed as COVID-19 patients through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination and aged ≥ 18 years. Differences in survival probability were obtained from survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier. Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality.
Results. Results indicated that a total of 308 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were involved in this study. During the 21 days of observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus (71.24% vs. 84.13%). Until the end of the 49-day observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased and differed from that of COVID-19 patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus which the survival probability was 48.98% vs. 84.13% (p = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality after controlling for confounder variables, age, cough symptoms, ARDS, vaccination, chronic kidney disease, ventilator use, antiviral therapy and the percentage of Bed Occupation Rate COVID-19 isolation at admission. The hazard ratio adjusted relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality in the final model of multivariate analysis was 2,676 (95% CI 1,24-5,73).
Conclusion. It appears that survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
