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The prevalence of illicit drug use among adolescents in Indonesia still needs to be reduced. Previous studies have suggested that family is a protective factor against illicit drug use. This study examined the role of family social capital against illicit drug use. The study analyzed secondary data. A total of 31,439 adolescents aged 10 24 years old and not yet married were involved in the present study. This study created an index of family social capital that was grouped in four dimensions from 14 variables. The cumulative explained of Principle Component Analysis was 61.8%. The findings showed that family social capital plays a protective factor against illicit drug use. However, when controlled by two permissive behaviors, it was shown that the older the adolescents, the stronger and more consistent the effect of family social capital. Other findings, family social capital did not directly affect illicit drug use, but the pathway was through two permissive behaviors. This study encourages illicit drug use prevention programs that involve the dimensions of family social capital and accommodate the development age of adolescents. In addition, the program should synergize with other risk behavior prevention programs
Perubahan iklim berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyakit berbasis lingkungan, termasuk diare. Di Indonesia, prevalensi diare balita masih tergolong tinggi, meskipun menurun dari 12,3% (Riskesdas 2018) menjadi 9,8% (SSGI 2020). Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya faktor lain yang memengaruhi, termasuk parameter iklim yang belum banyak diteliti secara spesifik dalam konteks Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model prediksi risiko diare secara komparatif pada dua zona iklim berbeda: monsunal (Nusa Tenggara Barat) dan ekuatorial (Sumatera Barat). Desain penelitian adalah studi ekologi, dengan data sekunder tahun 2017-2021 yang diperoleh dari Kementerian Kesehatan (kasus diare), BPS (akses air minum tidak aman, sanitasi terbatas, higiene terbatas, status ekonomi dan kepadatan penduduk), dan BMKG (suhu udara, kelembapan, curah hujan). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi binomial negatif.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan berhubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian diare di Sumbar (IRR=0,998) dan NTB (IRR=1,002). Suhu udara hanya signifikan di Sumbar (IRR= 0,955), sedangkan kelembapan hanya signifikan di NTB (IRR=0,954). Akses air minum tidak aman dan sanitasi terbatas berhubungan signifikan di kedua provinsi, sedangkan higiene terbatas tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan. Tingkat kemiskinan berpengaruh signifikan hanya di NTB (IRR=1,025). Model prediksi menunjukkan performa yang baik, meskipun akurasinya berada pada kategori rendah hingga sedang.
Kesimpulannya, variabilitas iklim berkontribusi terhadap risiko diare dengan pola yang berbeda antarwilayah. Faktor lokal seperti letak geografis, infrastruktur, dan ketersediaan layanan dasar—khususnya akses terhadap air minum aman dan sanitasi layak—memegang peran penting. Diperlukan penguatan kolaborasi lintas sektor dan keterlibatan masyarakat untuk pengendalian diare yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim.
Climate change can exacerbate environment-related disease, including diarrhea. In Indonesia, diarrhea prevalence among children under five remains high, although it declined from 12,3% (Basic Health Research, 2018) to 9,8% (National Health Survey, 2020). This indicates the influence of additional factors, including climatic parameters that have not been thoroughly examined in the Indonesian context.
This study developed a comparative diarrhea risk prediction model across two climate zones: monsunal (West Nusa Tenggara) and equatorial (West Sumatera). An ecological design was employed using 2017-2021 secondary data from the Ministry of Health (diarrhea cases), the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) (unsafe drinking water access, sanitation, hygiene, economic status, population density), and the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) (temperature, humidity, rainfall). Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression.
Rainfall was significantly associated with diarrhea incidence in both provinces (West Sumatera IRR = 0,998; West Nusa Tenggara IRR = 1,002). Air temperature was significant only in West Sumatera (IRR = 0,955), while humidity was significant only in West Nusa Tenggara (IRR = 0,954). Unsafe water access and poor sanitation were significant in both provinces, whereas hygiene showed no association. Poverty was significant only in West Nusa Tenggara (IRR = 1,025). The model performed well, with accuracy in the low-to-moderate range.
In conclusion, climate variability contributes to diarrhea risk, with distinct patterns across regions. Local factors such as geography, infrastructure, and the availability of basic services— particularly access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation—play a crucial role. Strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration and community engangement is essential for developing climate-adaptive diarrhea control strategies.
Latar belakang: Keberhasilan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih rendah. Self-efficacy ayah dan ibu berperan penting dalam praktik menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan model prediksi penghentian ASI eksklusif pada 0-12 postpartum menggunakan Paternal dan Maternal BSE framework.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Studi kualitatif menggunakan FGD terhadap 5 informan ayah secara purposive dengan tujuan menggali infomasi mengenai paternal BSE. Desain studi kuantitatif longitudinal bertujuan mengevaluasi model penelitian. Sebanyak 201 pasangan yang bersalin di rumah sakit ibu dan anak di Kota Tangerang Selatan berhasil diikuti sampai 12 minggu postpartum. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan SEM-PLS untuk menguji pengaruh antar variabel dan mendapatkan nilai prediktif model.
Hasil: Instrumen Paternal BSE dan sumber self-efficacy ayah valid dan reliabel. Faktor signifikan yang berpengaruh terhadap penghentian ASI eksklusif meliputi paternal BSE, maternal BSE, pengalaman ayah, pengalaman ibu, persuasi verbal bagi ibu, kondisi fisik emosi ibu, usia ibu, frekuensi ANC, dan tipe keluarga. Secara tidak langsung, ada pengaruh pengalaman ayah terhadap penghentian ASI eksklusif melalui paternal dan maternal BSE.
Simpulan: Model paternal-maternal BSE dapat memprediksi penghentian ASI eksklusif dengan baik.
Saran: Penghentian ASI eksklusif dapat dicegah dengan melibatkan ayah secara aktif melalui edukasi, pendampingan, dan penguatan paternal BSE sejak masa kehamilan.
Background: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia remains low. Both paternal and maternal self-efficacy play a crucial role in supporting breastfeeding practices. This study aims to develop a predictive model for exclusive breastfeeding cessation during the first 0–12 months postpartum using the Paternal and Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) framework.
Methods: This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative phase involved focus group discussions (FGDs) with five purposively selected fathers to explore aspects of paternal BSE. The quantitative phase used a longitudinal design to evaluate the proposed model. A total of 201 couples who delivered at a maternal and child hospital in South Tangerang City were followed up to 12 weeks postpartum. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine relationships between variables and assess model predictive.
Results: The Paternal BSE instrument and sources of paternal self-efficacy were found to be valid and reliable. Significant factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding cessation included paternal BSE, maternal BSE, fathers’ experience, mothers’ experience, verbal persuasion for mothers, mothers’ physical and emotional condition, maternal age, antenatal care (ANC) frequency, and family type. Indirectly, there was a relationship between fathers’ experience and exclusive breastfeeding cessation through paternal and maternal BSE.
Conclusion: The paternal-maternal BSE model effectively predicts exclusive breastfeeding cessation.
Recommendation: Exclusive breastfeeding cessation can be prevented by actively involving fathers through education, support, and strengthening paternal BSE starting from pregnancy.
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu kondisi medis yang cukup serius karena dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, otak, ginjal dan penyakit lainnya. Wilayah di DKI Jakarta dengan prevalensi hipertensi tertinggi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter yaitu Kota Jakarta Pusat sebesar 12,16%. Partikulat meter organik dan komponen partikulat meter dapat memicu proinflammatory effects pada paru-paru karena kemampuannya mengakibatkan stress oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun model pengaruh pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien terhadap kejadian hipertensi melalui stress oksidatif dan sitokin inflamasi pada penduduk di Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian dilakukan pada penduduk dewasa (18-65 tahun) di Kota Jakarta Pusat dengan disain studi hybrid cross sectional ecology. Pengumpulan data secara cluster random sampling dengan analisis data dilakukan melalui pemodelan regresi logistik multilevel dan cox regresi proporsional hazard.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat asosiasi antara PM2,5 di udara ambien dengan biomarker stress oksidatif (IOR PM2,5: 2,185173-2,185176) dan dengan biomarker sitokin inflamasi (IOR PM2,5: 1,21-1,91). Pemodelan multivariat dengan cox regresi proporsional hazard menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur dan indeks massa tubuh merupakan confounder hubungan antara stress oksidatif dengan hipertensi dan antara sitokin inflamasi dengan hipertensi dengan nilai Rasio Prevalens adjusted (95% CI) masing-masing sebesar 1,19 (0,69-2,03) dan 0,99 (0,58-1,72). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ambien memiliki peran terhadap terjadinya hipertensi, stress oksidatif dan sitokin inflamasi pada penduduk di Jakarta Pusat.
Hypertension is a serious medical condition that can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. The area in DKI Jakarta with the highest prevalence of hypertension based on doctor diagnosis is Central Jakarta city about 12.16%. Organic particulate matters and particulate matter components can trigger proinflammatory efects in the lung due to their ability to cause oxidative stress. This study aims to develop a model of the Influence of PM2,5 Exposure in Ambient Air on Hypertension Occurrence through Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines among residents in Central Jakarta. The study was conducted among adult residents (age 18-65 years) in Central Jakarta with hybrid cross sectional study design. Data collected using cluster random sampling with data analysis carried out through multilevel logistic regression modeling and cox proportional hazard regression. Results show there is an association between PM2.5 in ambient air with oxidative stress biomarkers (IOR PM2.5: 2.185173-2.185176) and with inflammatory cytokine biomarkers (IOR PM2.5: 1.21-1.91). Multivariate modeling with Cox regression proportional hazard shows that age and body mass index are confounders of the relationship between oxidative stress with hypertension and between inflammatory cytokines with hypertension with an adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) value of 1.19 (0.69-2.03) and 0.99 (0.58-1.72). It can conclude that concentration of PM2.5 in ambient air has a role on hypertension, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine among residents in Central Jakarta.
