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Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif (analitik observasional) untuk melihat alur pelayanan resep obat dan mengidentifikasi pemborosan pelayanan resep obat. Dan didukung oleh penelitian kuantitatif (analisis deskriptif) untuk memperoleh data perhitungan waktu setiap tahapan proses pelayanan resep obat.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui rata-rata waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat non racikan selama 89.6 menit (88.17% kegiatan menunggu) dan 124.70 menit (82.10% kegiatan menunggu) pada pelayanan resep obat racikan.
Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi bahwa terdapat 8 jenis pemborosan (DOWNTIME) pada pelayanan resep obat. Usulan perbaikan dengan metode lean diharapkan dapat menurunkan waktu tunggu menjadi 66.67% pada pelayanan resep obat non racikan dan 56.67% pada pelayanan resep obat racikan.
Kata kunci : farmasi; metode lean; pemborosan; waktu tunggu
Long waiting times on prescription services will reduce patient satisfaction and lead to inefficient services. Lean is one of the methodologies that can be used to deal with inefficiencies in health services. This study aims to analyze the application of lean method in reducing waiting time of outpatient prescription services at Pasar Minggu public hospital in 2017.
This study used qualitative research methods (observational analytics) to examine the flow and identify waste of prescription drug services. And also supported by quantitative research (descriptive analysis) to get the exact calculation of every step of prescription drug services.
Based on the result of the research, it is known that the average waiting time of medicine prescription services is 89.6 minutes (88.17% waiting activity) and 124.70 minutes (82.10% waiting activity) of personalized medicine prescription services.
The study identified that there were 8 types of waste (DOWNTIME) in prescription services. The future improvement by lean method is expected to reduce waiting time to 66.67% on medicine prescription services and 56.67% on personalized medicine prescription services.
Keywords : pharmacy; lean methode; waste; waiting times
Latar Belakang : Waktu tunggu obat merupakan salah satu indikator rumah sakit untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan terhadap pasien. Waktu tunggu yang lama akan berdampak pada penurunan kepuasan pasien yang datang berobat ke rumah sakit. Standar pelayanan minimal waktu tunggu obat yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu kurang dari 60 menit untuk obat racikan dan kurang dari 30 menit untuk obat non racikan. Sepanjang tahun 2024 pencapaian data patient experience Mayapada Hospital Bogor untuk waktu tunggu obat racikan adalah 83% dan non racikan adalah 75%, masih dibawah target yang ditetapkan (>90%).
Tujuan : Menurunkan waktu tunggu obat racikan dan non racikan dengan menggunakan konsep Lean six sigma di Departemen Rawat Jalan Mayapada Hospital Bogor
Metode : Penelitian ini mempunyai desain operational research yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Peneliti melakukan observasi dengan time motion study. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 264 pasien yang berobat dan mendapat obat di rumah sakit. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada shift berobat, dan jenis penjaminan yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma berhasil mengidentifikasi lead time waktu tunggu obat non racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor yaitu sebesar 1 jam 10 menit 45 detik dimana 78% merupakan kegiatan non-value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 49 menit 55 detik. Sedangkan waktu tunggu obat racikan sebesar 57 menit 56 detik dimana 60% merupakan kegiatan non-value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 28 menit 23 detik. Akar masalah dari memanjangnya waktu tunggu obat berada di fase pembayaran obat pada kegiatan konfirmasi penjamin, tunggu bayar dan pada fase penginputan obat pada kegiatan input resep. Penerapan lean six sigma dalam proses waktu tunggu obat racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor berhasil mengurangi lead time sebesar 23% post intervensi dan 14% pada tahap kontrol, dari 57 menit 56 detik menjadi 38 menit 30 detik, sedangkan penurunan lead time waktu tunggu obat non racikan mengalami penurunan 25% post intervensi dan 27% pada tahap kontrol, dari 1 jam 10 menit 45 detik menjadi 38 menit 16 detik pada tahap kontrol. Pengurangan lead time ini diikuti dengan penurunan waste di seluruh tahapan waktu tunggu obat, dengan penurunan waste terbesar terjadi pada fase penginputan resep, yaitu sebesar 69%, dari 4 menit 39 detik menjadi 1 menit 58 detik detik untuk obat racikan. Pada fase pembayaran sebesar 63% dari 52 menit 23 detik menjadi 24 menit 35 detik untuk obat non racikan.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan waktu tunggu obat racikan dan non racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor setelah penerapan lean six sigma. Penurunan waktu tunggu obat masih diatas target standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan oleh Mayapada Hospital.
Background : Drug waiting time is one of the hospital indicators to assess the quality of service to patients. Long waiting times will have an impact on reducing the satisfaction of patients who come to the hospital for treatment. The minimum service standard for drug waiting time set by the Ministry of Health is less than 60 minutes for compounding drugs and less than 30 minutes for non compounding drugs. Throughout 2024, the achievement of Mayapada Hospital Bogor's patient experience data for waiting time for compounding drugs was 83% and non- compounding was 75%, still below the set target (>90%) Objective: Reducing the waiting time for compounding and non compounding drugs by using the Lean six sigma concept in the Outpatient Department of Mayapada Hospital Bogor Methodology : This study employs an operational research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher conducted observations using a time-motion study. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total sample size of 264 patients who received treatment and medication at the hospital. Sample selection was based on the distribution of days, treatment shifts, and types of insurance coverage as defined. Results : The study using the Lean Six Sigma approach successfully identified the lead time for non-compounded medication waiting time at Mayapada Hospital Bogor as 1 hour, 10 minutes, and 45 seconds, with 78% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting-type waste of 49 minutes and 55 seconds. Meanwhile, the waiting time for compounded medications was 57 minutes and 56 seconds, with 60% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting-type waste amounting to 28 minutes and 23 seconds. The root cause of the prolonged waiting time for medications lies in the medication payment phase during the insurance confirmation and payment waiting activities, as well as in the medication input phase during the prescription input activities. The implementation of Lean Six Sigma in the waiting time process for compounded medications at Mayapada Hospital Bogor successfully reduced lead time by 23% post-intervention and 14% during the control phase, from 57 minutes and 56 seconds to 38 minutes and 30 seconds. Meanwhile, the reduction in lead time for non-compounded medications decreased by 25% post-intervention and 27% during the control phase, from 1 hour 10 minutes 45 seconds to 38 minutes 16 seconds during the control phase. This reduction in lead time was accompanied by a decrease in waste across all stages of medication waiting time, with the largest reduction in waste occurring during the prescription input phase, amounting to 69%, from 4 minutes 39 seconds to 1 minute 58 seconds for compounded medications. In the payment phase, there was a 63% reduction from 52 minutes 23 seconds to 24 minutes 35 seconds for non-compounded medications. Conclusion : There was a reduction in waiting time for compounded and non-compounded medications at Mayapada Hospital Bogor after the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. The reduction in medication waiting time remains above the minimum service standard target set by Mayapada Hospital.
The length of waiting time is one of the indicators for a hospital in maintaining the quality of its services, waiting too long will give rise to negative assessments from customers regarding the product and quality of service. Outpatient outpatient visits of BPJS Kesehatan at Grha Permata Ibu Depok Hospital since 2017-2018 averaged about 450-600 visits/day, this is in line with the number of prescriptions that must be served in outpatient pharmacy installations. The schedule of doctors at the same time and human resources are less the reason has not been achieved the minimum time standard of prescription services set permenkes that is ≤60 minutes for concoction drugs and ≤30 minutes for non-concoction drugs. The purpose of this study is to know the waiting time of outpatient prescription services bpjs health patients in current state and future state after the application of lean kaizen in the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation Of Grha Permata Hospital. This research method is operational research with qualitative and quantitative approach with primary data source taken through direct observation with time motion study technique and in-depth interview. The results of this study found 3 types of waste, namely 53.3% waste waiting, 40% waste overprocessing, 6.7% waste motion, after the implementation of lean kaizen with PDCA approach using 2 scenarios, there was a decrease in lead time from 135.31 minutes to 9.11 minutes in scenario-1 and 7.49 minutes in scenario-2. With TNVAT decreasing from 128.62 minutes to 5.65 minutes on scenario-1 and 3.75 minutes on scenario-2 on non-blend recipes and there was a decrease in Lead time from 185.17 minutes to 31.09 minutes on scenario-1 and 29.15 minutes on scenario-2. With TNVAT decreasing from 160.79 minutes to 5.02 minutes on scenario-1 and 3.49 minutes on scenario-2 on the concoction. The conclusion of this study is that the PDCA approach on lean kaizen is precisely done in conditions where the most waste is related to human behavior, The results of this study are not yet maximal because there is still waste motion that has not been intervened and potentially make officers produce waste waiting and overprocessing, so the advice of researchers is to be able to make priority changes lay out pharmaceuticals because it is the root of the problem that can cause a lot of waste, need to be carried out continuous supervision and encourage IT hospitals to develop pharmaceutical services based on IT
Kata kunci: Waktu tunggu, pelayanan resep, farmasi rumah sakit
This study analyzes the waiting time of prescription services in Installation of Pharmacy Awal Bros Hospital, Bekasi. It is a qualitative and quantitative research, with sampel of 172 prescriptions, both concoction and non concontion drugs. This study found that the average waiting time of conconction drugs is 41 minutes, while the non concoction drugs is 22 minutes. The factors affecting those waitng time is insufficient of human resources, lack of drugs provision, inadequate correction of IT system lack of work experience, improper working space for doing concoction drugs.
Keyword : waiting time, prescription service, hospital pharmacy
