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Pendahuluan: Kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan kendaraan berat menduduki peringkat kedua setelah sepeda motor di Indonesia, namun rasio jumlah kendaraan dengan korban, kendaraan berat menduduki peringkat pertama. Sepanjang 2019 – 2021, 41% kecelakaan kendaraan berat yang ditangani oleh Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) terkait dengan kegagalan pengereman (rem blong). Mayoritas kegagalan pengereman disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan dari pengemudi, sistem rem yang bermasalah, dan terjadi di jalan menurun. Kasus kegagalan ini melibatkan faktor manusia sebesar 84,6%, untuk itu faktor manusia menjadi hal penting yang perlu ditindaklanjuti. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pengemudi khususnya tentang teknik pengereman di jalan menurun dan pemeriksaan sistem rem kendaraan sebelum keberangkatan perlu dilakukan pelatihan. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan menggunakan permainan papan (board game) yang didesain khusus untuk materi ini. Terdapat tiga materi yaitu prosedur pengereman, pemeriksaan sistem rem hidraulis, dan pemeriksaan sistem rem pneumatis.
Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah dengan menggunakan metode kuasi-eksperimen pre-test dan post-test dengan kelompok kontrol, dan juga diukur perubahan keyakinan diri, sikap, dan minat perilaku pada pengemudi kendaraan berat di Indonesia. Kelompok kontrol merupakan peserta pelatihan yang pernah mendapatkan pelatihan tentang pengereman di jalan menurun dengan metode konvensional. Data tentang kelompok kontrol diperoleh dari perusahaan yang pernah mengikutsertakan dalam pelatihan tersebut. Kedua kelompok dibandingkan untuk kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut.
Hasil: Baik metode kovensional maupun permainan papan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil akhir pembelajaran, namun metode konvensional hanya naik sebesar 20,61 poin, sedangkan metode permainan papan terjadi kenaikan sebesar 35,46 poin. Pelatihan metode konvensional mampu memberikan konfirmasi atas pengetahuan pengemudi tentang pengereman di jalan menurun karena adanya komunikasi interaktif dengan narasumber. Pelatihan keselamatan mengemudi belum cukup memberikan pengetahuan tentang pengereman di jalan menurun. Persepsi konten perlu adanya penyesuaian pada materi pemeriksaan sistem pengereman pneumatis. Metoda pembelajaran dengan menggunakan permainan papan dapat diterima oleh peserta pelatihan. Keyakinan diri, sikap, dan minat perilaku untuk melaksanakan hasil pelatihan juga menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan.
Simpulan: Pelatihan dengan metode permainan papan dapat diterima oleh berbagai pihak dan efektif digunakan dalam peningkatan pengetahuan tetang pengereman di jalan menurun untuk kendaraan berat, namun demikian perlu adanya pengembangan lebih lanjut agar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Permainan papan yang digunakan tidak cukup untuk membangun komunikasi dengan narasumber yang diharapkan terjadi interaksi untuk mengonfirmasi pengetahuan sebelumnya yang dimiliki oleh peserta pelatihan.
Introduction: Traffic accidents involving heavy vehicles rank second after motorcycles in Indonesia, but the ratio of the number of vehicles to victims, heavy vehicles rank first. Throughout 2019 - 2021, 41% of heavy vehicle accidents handled by the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) were related to braking failure (brake failure). The majority of braking failures are caused by lack of driver knowledge, problematic brake systems, and occur on downhill roads. This failure case involves human factors by 84.6%, therefore the human factor is an important thing that needs to be followed up. To improve driver knowledge, especially about braking techniques on downhill roads and checking the vehicle's brake system before departure, training is needed. The training is carried out using a board game specifically designed for this material. There are three materials, namely braking procedures, checking the hydraulic brake system, and checking the pneumatic brake system.
Method: The research design is to use a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test method with a control group and changes in self-confidence, attitudes, and behavioral interests in heavy vehicle drivers in Indonesia. The control group was participants who had received training on braking on downhill roads using conventional methods. Data on the control group were obtained from companies that had participated in the training. The two groups were compared for further analysis.
Results: Both conventional methods and board games had a significant effect on the final learning outcomes, but the conventional method only increased by 20.61 points, while the board game method increased by 35.46 points. Conventional method training was able to confirm the driver's knowledge of braking on downhill roads because of interactive communication with the resource person. Driving safety training did not provide enough knowledge about braking on downhill roads. The perception of content needs to be adjusted to the pneumatic braking system inspection material. The learning method using board games is acceptable to the training participants. Self-confidence, attitudes, and behavioral interests to implement the training results also showed significant differences between before and after training.
Conclusion: Training using the board game method is acceptable to various parties and is effective in increasing knowledge about braking on downhill roads for heavy vehicles; however, further development is needed to be in accordance with the learning objectives. The board games used were not sufficient to build communication with the resource person, which was expected to result in interaction to confirm the previous knowledge possessed by the training participants.
Background: The obligation to include information on the content of Sugar, Salt and Fat SSF also health messages on ready to eat foods has been regulated in Minister of Health Regulation No. 30 of 2013 on inclusion of information on sugar, salt and fat contents also health message for prepared food and ready to eat State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia No. 617 of 2013 as already amended by Minister of Health Regulation No. 63 of 2015 on Amendment to Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 30 of 2013, shall be effective in 2019 four years after the enactment . It isn rsquo t currently known the success of the inclusion of information on SSF contents also health messages for the improvement of knowledge, improvement of menu selection and the decrease of SSF intake to reduce the risk of NonCommunicable Diseases NCDs and the technical guidance inclusion of information on SSF contents and health message is not yet available at the food seller.
In the reproductive cycle, the increasing age, number of children and health conditions lead to the need for more rational types of new contraceptives. Switching contraception to irrational methods may cause unintended pregnancies. High knowledge and perceptions of the effectiveness and efficiency of contraceptive use are related to the rational switching method pattern. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the pattern of switching contraceptive methods, and to prove the difference association of knowledge and perception of contraceptive use with the pattern of rational switching contraceptive methods among women of Family Planning FP acceptors in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara.This study used a quantitative approach with Cross Sectional study design. Research subjects were women of reproductive age with 4616 women in East Java and 4819 women in West Nusa Tenggara. Changes in types of contraceptives were reviewed from the different types of contraceptives with the previous one during the timeframe of the FP program. Assessment of rationality was reviewed from the compatibility of the last method of contraception with age, number of children and family planning motivation. Knowledge was measured related to Long Term Contraceptive Method LTCM . While, perception rsquo s measurement was related to the effectiveness side effects and mode of use and efficiency cost and ease of obtaining of contraceptives. Data were analyzed using Multilevel Multiple Logistic Regression analysis to prove the research hypothesis.The switching pattern of contraceptive methods was dominated by changing from non LTCM to other non LTCM. Only a small proportion of high risk women switched to use rational contraception both in West Nusa Tenggara and East Java. Perceptions of side effect was associated with rational patterns of switching method in women in East Java, and perceptions of the use of contraceptives had relationship with patterns of rational contraceptive methods for women in West Nusa Tenggara. Perceptions of the cost of contraceptives was foundto be related withrational switching pattern of contraceptive methods among women in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara.In conclusion, there was a difference relationship of perceptionon contraception use and switching contraceptive method between East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. Therefore, it is recommended that Communication, Information and Education CIE strategies for women in East Java should focus on solving perceptual problems related to side effect while in West Nusa Tenggara women more focus on solving perception problems about how to use contraceptives. To solve the problems related to perception of contraceptive cost among women in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara, it is necessary to support the continuity of contraceptive application program for the poor and other categories through the Social Insurance Administration Organization Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial BPJS program.
