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Stunting is a condition of growth failure caused by chronic nutritional deficiencies and repeated infections that have long-term effects. Stunting is still a public health problem in Banten Province because the prevalence is still high. This study aims to determine the determinants of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months in Banten Province. The research design used was cross sectional with a total sample of 1,643 toddlers obtained from total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data used is the SSGI 2021 data belonging to the Indonesian Ministry of Health's BKPK. The independent variables in this study were child factors (age, sex, birth weight, birth length, dietary diversity), maternal factors (mother's education and mother's occupation); food insecurity factor; environmental health factors (latrine ownership); infection disease factors (ARI, diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis) and health service factors (giving vitamin A and treating sick toddlers in health facilities). Data were analyzed using complex data analysis. Bivariate analysis used the chi-square test and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of stunting among toddlers aged 6-59 months was 22.7%. Based on multivariate analysis, the determinant of stunting for children aged 6-59 months in Banten Province is gender (p-value 0.021; AOR 1.351; 95% CI 1.047 – 1.744); mother's education (p-value 0.009; AOR 1.484; 95% CI 1.103 – 1.998); birth length (p-value 0.001; AOR 2.094; 95% CI 1.512 – 2.899); food insecurity (p-value 0.009; AOR 1.629; 95% CI 1.131 – 2.347). The dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months in Banten Province is short birth length (AOR 2.09). Short-born babies need to receive health and nutrition communication, information, education interventions for mothers under five and get supplementary food for toddlers from the District/City Health Office and Community Health Centers as well as routine monitoring every month at the Posyandu so they don't grow into stunted toddlers.
Stunting is a growth and development disorder experienced by children due to malnutrition, repeated infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. A child is considered to be stunted if their height for age is <-2 standard deviations (SD) (WHO, 2015). In 2022, the stunting rate in Indonesia was 24.2%. Additionally, the prevalence of stunting in Maluku Province in 2022 is 26,1% which ranked 13th nationally (SSGI, 2022). The aim of this study is to identify the dominant factors of stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Maluku Province based on data from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Study (SSGI) 2022. This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design and utilizes secondary data from SSGI 2022 with a sample size of 1954 toddlers. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis indicate that the variables significantly associated with the occurrence of stunting include: gender, birth weight, birth length, and maternal education level. The dominant factor associated with the occurrence of stunting in toddlers (aged 6-23 months) in Maluku Province in 2022 is the level of maternal education, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.645. Based on the result, the research suggests to intensifying educational programs until high school graduation and optimizing the 1000 Days Program to prevent Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Short Birth Length (SBL), thereby reducing stunting cases in Maluku Province..
Balita gizi kurang merupakan keadaan gizi pada balita dengan berat badan menurut tinggi badan atau berat badan menurut panjang badan pada Z-score -3 SD sampai dengan <-2 SD atau lingkar lengan atas (LiLA) 11,5 cm sampai dengan <12,5 cm. Pada tahun 2021, prevalensi wasting di Provinsi Banten melebihi angka nasional yaitu sebesar 7,9%. Bahkan di Kota Serang jauh lebih tinggi sebesar 11,4%. Sedangkan Kecamatan Serang merupakan penyumbang prevalensi gizi kurang tertinggi di Kota Serang dengan angka 30,71%. Tata laksana balita gizi kurang yang menjadi program Kementerian Kesehatan dengan memberikan makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal yang dilaksanakan salah satunya di Kecamatan Serang, Kota Serang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan status gizi pada balita gizi kurang usia 12-59 bulan dalam program pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal di Kecamatan Serang tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan sampel balita gizi kurang usia 12-59 bulan berjumlah 130 balita yang telah mengikuti program pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal di Kecamatan Serang tahun 2022. Variabel independen meliputi faktor balita (usia, jenis kelamin, ASI eksklusif, PMT berbahan pangan lokal, konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, konsumsi protein hewani, konsumsi protein nabati, penyakit infeksi dan imunisasi) dan faktor orang tua (pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan). Uji statistik yang digunakan pada uji bivariat menggunakan chi square dan uji multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda model determinan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat balita yang status gizinya naik sebanyak 56,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal (p-value = 0,012), konsumsi energi (p-value = 0,001), penyakit infeksi (p-value = 0,020) dan pendapatan (p-value = 0,003). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan status gizi adalah konsumsi energi (OR = 3,600). Balita dengan konsumsi energi kurang berisiko 3,6 kali lebih tinggi status gizinya tidak naik dibandingkan balita yang mengonsumsi cukup energi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel PMT berbahan pangan lokal, konsumsi protein, konsumsi protein hewani, penyakit infeksi, imunisasi dan pendapatan. Perlunya perbaikan pola pemberian makan dan asupan makanan yang baik dalam jumlah dan kualitasnya untuk menunjang tumbuh kembang balita dan meningkatkan kewaspadaan jika terjadi masalah gizi pada balita.
Wasted is a nutritional condition in children under five with weight for height Z-score or weight for length Z-score of -3 SD to <-2 SD or upper arm circumference of 11.5 cm to <12.5 cm. In 2021, the prevalence of wasting in Banten Province exceeded the national rate at 7.9%. In Serang City, it was even higher at 11.4%. Meanwhile, Serang sub-district contributed the highest prevalence of wasted in Serang city with 30.71%. The management of wasted children, which is a program of the Ministry of Health by local food-based supplementary feeding program is implemented one of them in Serang District, Serang City. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with improving nutritional status in underweight children aged 12-59 months in the local food-based supplementary feeding program in Serang District in 2022. This study used a cross sectional study design with a sample of wasted children aged 12-59 months totaling 130 children who had participated in the local food-based supplementary feeding program in Serang District in 2022. Independent variables included children factors (age, sex, exclusive breastfeeding, local food-based supplementary feeding program, energy consumption, protein consumption, animal protein consumption, vegetable protein consumption, infectious diseases and immunization) and parental factors (maternal education and income). Statistical tests used in bivariate tests using chi square and multivariate tests using multiple logistic regression determinant models. The results showed that there were children whose nutritional status improved by 56.2%. There was a significant relationship between local food-based supplementary feeding program (p-value = 0.012), energy consumption (p-value = 0.001), infectious diseases (p-value = 0.020) and income (p-value = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant factor associated with improved nutritional status was energy consumption (OR = 3.600). Children with insufficient energy consumption had a 3.6 times higher risk of not improving their nutritional status compared to children who consumed enough energy after controlling for the variables of local food-based supplementary feeding program, protein consumption, animal protein consumption, infectious diseases, immunization and income. It is necessary to improve feeding patterns and food intake both in quantity and quality to support the growth and development of children and increase vigilance in the event of nutritional problems in children under five.
ABSTRAK Nama : Gladys Apriluana Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Hubungan Pemberian MPASI dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24 Bulan di Kecamatan Pagedangan Kabupaten Tangerang Tahun 2019 Pembimbing : Dr drg. Sandra Fikawati, MPH Latar belakang: Stunting adalah masalah kurang gizi kronis yang banyak diderita balita di Indonesia. Kecamatan Pagedangan memiliki jumlah balita kurang gizi masih tinggi. Faktor penting pada pertumbuhan anak adalah asupan gizi. MPASI yang diberikan setelah balita berusia 6 bulan harus beraneka ragam dan adekuat, sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dalam mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Sayangnya, di Indonesia sulit untuk mencapai asupan gizi cukup dari MPASI yang umumnya berbasis tradisional dan tidak difortifikasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain kasus kontrol dan rasio sampel 1:1,5. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret-Mei 2019. Populasi adalah balita usia 24 bulan. Total sampel sebanyak 100 anak. Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian MPASI (p=0,033) dan pekerjaan ibu (p=0,040) dengan kejadian stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pekerjaan ibu (OR=7,6), pendapatan keluarga (OR=4,8), dan pemberian MPASI (OR=4,0). Kesimpulan: Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita adalah pekerjaan ibu, setelah dikontrol pendapatan keluarga, pemberian MPASI, frekuensi minum susu, konsumsi susu, dan usia mulai minum susu. Saran: Meningkatkan program “Isi Piringku” dengan membuat menu makanan yang bergizi untuk balita disesuaikan ketersediaan pangan dan status sosial ekonomi warga. Kata kunci: stunting, balita, pemberian MPASI, pekerjaan ibu
ABSTRACT Name : Gladys Apriluana Study Program : Public Health Title : Correlation Between Complementary Feeding with Stunting in Children Aged 24 Months in Pagedangan District, Tangerang Regency in 2019 Counsellor : Dr drg. Sandra Fikawati, MPH Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem that affects many children in Indonesia. Pagedangan district has a high number of malnourished children. An important factor in children's growth is nutritional intake. Complementary foods that given after a 6-month-old toddler must be diverse and adequate, so that it meets growth needs. Unfortunately, in Indonesia it is difficult to achieve sufficient nutritional intake from complementary foods which is generally traditional and not fortified. The purpose of study was to determine correlation between complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in children aged 24 months. Methods: The study was conducted with case control design and sample ratio of 1: 1.5. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. The population was children aged 24 months. A total sample of 100 children. Results: The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between complementary feeding (p=0.033) and maternal occupation (p=0.040) with the incidence of stunting. The results of multivariate analysis showed the most influential variables were maternal occupation (OR = 7.6), family income (OR = 4.8), and complementary feeding (OR = 4.0). Conclusion: The dominant factor associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24 months is maternal occupation, after controlled family income, complementary feeding, frequency of drinking milk, milk consumption, and age start drinking milk. Suggestion: Improving the program "Fill my plate" by making nutritious food menus for toddlers adjusted for food availability and socio-economic status of the residents. Keywords: stunting, children, complementary feeding, maternal occupation
Stunting is a growth and development disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation which is characterized by a HAZ index < -2 SD. Stunting can prevent a child from reaching his physical and cognitive potential, not only in the short but also in the long term. The 2022 Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) recorded a reduction in stunting prevalence of 2.8% from 2021 to 21.8%. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still in the high category. West Sulawesi is the province with the second-highest prevalence of stunting. There is a particular increase in prevalence in the 24-59 months age group. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of stunting and the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province in 2022. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples used was 2479 samples using total sampling. This research uses SSGI secondary data for 2022 which was obtained according to applicable procedures. The research results show that 34.8% of children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province are classified as stunted. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight (p < 0.001; OR = 2.537), birth length (p < 0.001; OR = 2.355), number of family members (p = 0.037; OR = 1.194), access to water (p = 0.004; OR = 1.382), access to sanitation (p < 0.001; OR = 1.942), and area of residence (p = 0.003; OR = 1.333) with the incidence of stunting. However, no relationship was found between the history of infectious diseases, number of children aged 0-59 months, food security, basic immunization status, use of integrated service post (posyandu), vitamin A supplementation, and administration of deworming drug (p > 0,05) with the incidence of stunting. This research found that the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province is birth length.
