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Farhan Kurniawan; Pembimbing: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari; Penguji: Mardiati Nadjib, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Bayi prematur dan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berkontribusi besar terhadap kematian neonatal dan memberikan beban ekonomi dalam sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan lama hari rawat dan biaya perawatan bayi prematur dan BBLR pada peserta JKN. Penelitian ini menggunakan kohort retrospektif dengan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2022–2024. Sebanyak 2.119 pasangan ibu dan anak dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan 73,77% bayi dirawat di tingkat RITL dengan median lama rawat 4 hari. Median biaya RJTL per individu mencapai Rp195.850,00, sementara RITL mencapai Rp7.453.400,00. Faktor usia ibu, usia bayi, kelompok diagnosis bayi, komplikasi neonatal, dan tipe FKRTL secara signifikan memengaruhi lama hari rawat serta biaya perawatan RJTL maupun RITL. Status kelengkapan ANC hanya memengaruhi biaya perawatan RITL secara signifikan. Sementara segmentasi kepesertaan JKN dan regionalisasi tarif INA-CBGs hanya secara signifikan memengaruhi biaya perawatan RJTL maupun RITL. Usia bayi menjadi faktor dominan yang memengaruhi lama hari rawat dan biaya perawatan bayi prematur dan BBLR pada peserta JKN tahun 2022–2023. Dengan demikian, strategi pengendalian biaya dan peningkatan efisiensi perawatan perlu difokuskan pada usia bayi dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek klinis dan karakteristik fasilitas kesehatan yang bekerja sama dalam skema JKN.
Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants represent a significant public health concern, contributing substantially to neonatal mortality and imposing an economic burden on Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) system. This study aims to analyze the determinants of length of stay and treatment cost for preterm and LBW infants covered by JKN. A retrospective cohort design was employed using the Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2022–2024, involving 2,119 mother-infant pairs. Results show that 73.77% of infants received care at advanced inpatient facilities (RITL), with a median length of stay of 4 days. The median outpatient (RJTL) and inpatient (RITL) care costs per individual were Rp195,850 and Rp7,453,400, respectively. Maternal age, infant age, diagnosis group, neonatal complications, and type of referral hospital significantly influenced both the length of stay and healthcare costs in RJTL and RITL settings. Completeness of antenatal care (ANC) visits was significantly associated only with the RITL costs, while JKN membership segmentation and INA-CBGs tariff regionalization significantly affected healthcare costs. Infant age emerged as the most dominant factor in influencing length of stay and treatment cost. These findings highlight the need for cost-control strategies and care efficiency improvements that prioritize infant age, clinical conditions, and facility characteristics within the JKN.
S-11875
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Athifa Asha Calista; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Latar Belakang: Osteoarthritis (OA) merupakan salah satu penyakit muskuloskeletal kronis yang berdampak pada kualitas hidup dan fungsi gerak, terutama pada kelompok usia lanjut. Fisioterapi menjadi salah satu layanan penting dalam penanganan OA, khususnya di fasilitas kesehatan rujukan tingkat lanjutan (FKRTL). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis utilisasi pelayanan rawat jalan fisioterapi pada peserta BPJS Kesehatan dengan diagnosis Osteoarthritis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan kuantitatif berdasarkan data sekunder dari sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2024. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta dengan osteoarthritis (OA) memanfaatkan fisioterapi di FKRTL dengan frekuensi rendah (<8 sesi), yakni sebesar 88,6%. Seluruh variabel independen (karakteristik peserta dan pelayanan) memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap pemanfaatan layanan fisioterapi. Faktor dominan adalah variabel usia, terutama pada kelompok dewasa akhir (36–45 tahun) dengan OR 1,90 (95% CI: 1,81–2,01). Kesimpulan: Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan edukasi dan intervensi promotif-rehabilitatif secara lebih aktif, khususnya pada kelompok yang memiliki risiko tinggi osteoarthritis, guna mendorong pemanfaatan fisioterapi secara optimal dalam pengelolaan osteoarthritis.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorders that affects quality of life and physical function, particularly among the elderly. Physiotherapy plays an essential role in OA management, especially in advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL). Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of outpatient physiotherapy services among BPJS Kesehatan participants diagnosed with osteoarthriti. Methods: This research employed a non-experimental study design with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample. Results: The results show that the majority of osteoarthritis (OA) participants utilized physiotherapy services at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) with low frequency (<8 sessions), accounting for 88.6%. All independent variables comprising both participant and service characteristics were significantly associated with physiotherapy utilization. The dominant factor was age, particularly in the late adulthood group (36–45 years), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.81–2.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for increased education and more active promotive-rehabilitative interventions, especially among groups at high risk of osteoarthritis, to encourage optimal physiotherapy utilization in OA management.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorders that affects quality of life and physical function, particularly among the elderly. Physiotherapy plays an essential role in OA management, especially in advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL). Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of outpatient physiotherapy services among BPJS Kesehatan participants diagnosed with osteoarthriti. Methods: This research employed a non-experimental study design with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample. Results: The results show that the majority of osteoarthritis (OA) participants utilized physiotherapy services at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) with low frequency (<8 sessions), accounting for 88.6%. All independent variables comprising both participant and service characteristics were significantly associated with physiotherapy utilization. The dominant factor was age, particularly in the late adulthood group (36–45 years), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.81–2.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for increased education and more active promotive-rehabilitative interventions, especially among groups at high risk of osteoarthritis, to encourage optimal physiotherapy utilization in OA management.
S-12035
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aghata Fisca Fatya Prasasti; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Penguji: Kurnia Sari, Laksmi Damaryanti
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Penelitian ini membahas terkait analisis utilisasi dan biaya pelayanan kesehatan pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) pada peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta berdasarkan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui rancangan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dari sampel seluruh data peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan diagnosis penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM). Data sampel menunjukkan bahwa dari populasi 46.348 peserta, 3.598 di antaranya mengidap diabetes mellitus (DM). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rata-rata peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengakses layanan rawat jalan tingkat lanjut (RJTL) sebanyak 8,36 kali per tahun dan rawat inap tingkat lanjut (RITL) sebanyak 4,07 kali per tahun. Total biaya pelayanan kesehatan untuk peserta diabetes mellitus (DM) di RITL 86,67% dan di RJTL 13,33%. Karakteristik peserta yang paling banyak mengakses layanan kesehatan adalah lansia, perempuan, pilihan FKTP di Puskesmas, peserta segmen PBPU dan PBI APBD, serta hak rawat kelas III. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki tingkat utilisasi layanan kesehatan yang cukup tinggi, terutama untuk RJTL. Biaya pelayanan kesehatan untuk pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) di RITL tinggi, yang menunjukkan bahwa penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM) memberikan beban biaya yang signifikan bagi program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN).
This study discusses the analysis of utilization and costs of health service for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients among National Health Insurance (JKN) participants in DKI Jakarta Province based on the 2023 BPJS Health Sample Data. This research is a quantitative study with data collection method through a cross-sectional design. This research’s sampling technique uses total sampling from a sample of all National Health Insurance (JKN) participants data in DKI Jakarta Province with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Sample data shows that out of a population of 46,348 participants, 3,598 have diabetes mellitus (DM). The research results show that on average, participants of the National Health Insurance (JKN) with diabetes mellitus (DM) in DKI Jakarta Province access outpatient advanced care (RJTL) 8.36 times per year and inpatient advanced care (RITL) 4.07 times per year. The total healthcare service costs for diabetes mellitus (DM) participants are 86.67% in RITL and 13.33% in RJTL. Characteristics of participants who access healthcare services the most include the elderly, females, choosing FKTP in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas), participants in the PBPU and PBI APBD segments, and entitled to class III care. The research concludes that National Health Insurance (JKN) participants with diabetes mellitus (DM) in DKI Jakarta Province have a relatively high healthcare service utilization rate, especially for RJTL. Healthcare service costs for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in RITL are high, indicating that diabetes mellitus (DM) imposes a significant cost burden on the National Health Insurance (JKN) program.
S-11770
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Alya Syaharani Tajuddin; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Wilda Alvernia Lumban Gaol
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Kasus katastropik menghabiskan 25% dari total biaya klaim BPJS Kesehatan dengan total biaya sebesar Rp20,0 triliun di tahun 2020, sementara penyakit kanker berada di posisi kedua dengan biaya terbesar Rp3,5 triliun. Penelitian ini menganalisis klaim biaya penyakit kanker peserta JKN yang berkunjung ke FKRTL dan faktor- faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sampel BPJS tahun 2022 yang berisi data kunjungan tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa proporsi terbesar pasien dengan penyakit kanker di FKRTL adalah kanker payudara (C50). Ditemukan bahwa rata-rata klaim kanker sebesar Rp358.865 per pasien rajal dan Rp11.200.000 pasien ranap. Biaya tinggi ditemui pada karakteristik pasien yang berusia ≥ 61 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, di regional 3, status telah menikah, dengan hari rawat tinggi, diagnosis C69-C72 (Kanker mata, otak, dan bagian lain dari sistem saraf pusat), severity level 2, di FKRTL milik TNI AL, dan kelas perawatan 1. Tingkat keparahan merupakan prediktor utama tingginya biaya penyakit kanker. Oleh karena itu, skrining dan deteksi dini perlu digencarkan terus untuk mengendalikan biaya penyakit kanker.
Catastrophic cases account for 25% of the total BPJS Kesehatan claim costs, with a total cost of IDR 20.0 trillion in 2020, while cancer ranks second with the highest cost of IDR 3.5 trillion. This study analyzes the cancer disease claim costs of JKN participants who visited FKRTL and the related factors. The study uses a cross-sectional design with BPJS sample data from 2022, which contains visit data from 2021. The results show that the largest proportion of patients with cancer at FKRTL is breast cancer (C50). It was found that the average cancer claim is IDR 358,865 per outpatient and IDR 11,200,000 per inpatient. High costs were found in patients aged ≥ 61 years, male, in region 3, married status, with high hospital stay days, diagnoses C69-C72 (eye, brain, and other parts of the central nervous system cancer), severity level 2, in FKRTL owned by the Indonesian Navy, and in class 1 care. Severity level is the main predictor of high cancer costs. Therefore, continuous screening and early detection are needed to control cancer costs.
S-11778
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Divyra Rizqina Adiva; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Budi Haryanto, Budi Hidayat, Khaterina Kristina Manurung
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Latar Belakang: Stroke menyumbang angka kecacatan jangka panjang yang berdampak pada aktivitas sehari-hari pasien dan pemulihannya memerlukan penaganan rehabilitasi medik yang berkelanjutan. Layanan rehabilitasi medik di Fasilitas Kesehatan Rujukan Tingkat Lanjutan (FKRTL) menjadi salah satu layanan esensial dalam penanganan pasien stroke dengan defisit fungsional. Tujuan: Menganalisis pemanfaatan layanan rehabilitasi medik serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pasien stroke peserta JKN di FKRTL. Metode: Desain cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif berdasarkan data sekunder berupa Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2024-2025. Hasil: Selama masa perawatan 1 tahun setelah pulang dari rawat inap, pemanfaatan kelompok kunjungan rendah (≤8 kunjungan) sebesar 50,3% dan kunjungan tinggi (>8 kunjungan) sebesar 49,7%, dengan penumpukan terbesar pada pasien yang hanya berkunjung satu kali dalam setahun setelah pulang rawat inap (17,4%), sehingga pemanfaatan berpotensi belum optimal. Seluruh variabel independen (karakteristik peserta, klinis, dan pelayanan) berhubungan signifikan dengan pemanfaatan layanan rehabilitasi medik, dengan peserta yang tinggal di Kalimantan (OR = 10,364; 95% CI = 8,879–12,097), memanfaatkan di RS Tipe A (OR = 6,315; 95% CI = 5,707–6,987), dan memiliki hak kelas rawat Kelas I (OR = 6,311; 95% CI = 5,815–6,848) menjadi kelompok dengan probabilitas tertinggi untuk memanfaatkan layanan rehabilitasi medik. Kesimpulan: Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya penguatan kontinuitas layanan melalui rehabilitasi yang lebih fleksibel, pemerataan tenaga dan fasilitas rujukan, penjaminan akses bagi kelompok kebutuhan tinggi dengan pemanfaatan rendah, serta penguatan upaya promotif berupa edukasi dan sosialisasi pemanfaatan layanan kepada pasien dan caregiver untuk mendukung kesinambungan utilisasi rehabilitasi medik dalam mencegah perburukan fungsional dan stroke berulang pada pasien stroke, guna mendorong pemanfaatan yang optimal dan berkeadilan dalam pengelolaan defisit fungsional pada pasien stroke selama masa pemulihan.
Background: Stroke contributes to long-term disability that affects patients's daily activities, and its recovery requires sustained medical rehabilitation management. Medical rehabilitation services at Advanced Referral Health Facilities (FKRTL) constitute one of the essential services in the management of stroke patients with functional deficits. Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of outpatient medical rehabilitation services and the factors associated with it among stroke patients insured by the National Health Insurance (JKN) at FKRTL. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional design with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from the 2024–2025 BPJS sample data. Results: Over a one-year period after discharging from inpatient care, 50.3% of patients are in the low-frequency utilization group (≤8 visits) and 49.7% are in the high-frequency group (>8 visits), with the largest concentration among patients who attended only a single visit per year (17.4%), indicating that utilization remains potentially suboptimal. All independent variables, comprising participant, clinical, and service characteristics, were significantly associated with the frequency of medical rehabilitation visits with participants residing in Kalimantan (OR = 10.364; 95% CI = 8.879–12.097), treated at Type A hospitals (OR = 6.315; 95% CI = 5.707–6.987), and entitled to Class I inpatient care (OR = 6.311; 95% CI = 5.815–6.848) constituting the group with the highest probability of utilizing medical rehabilitation services. Conclusion: This study finds that strengthening the continuity of care is needed through more flexible rehabilitation models, a more equitable distribution of personnel and referral facilities, guaranteed access for groups with high need but low utilization, and strengthened promotive efforts through education and outreach on service utilization for patients and caregivers to support continuity of the utilization of medical rehabilitation in preventing functional decline and recurrent stroke, in order to promote optimal and equitable service utilization in the management of functional deficits in stroke patients during recovery period.
S-12425
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Alif Musyaffa; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Amila Megraini
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan beban pembiayaan tertinggi dalam program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Tingginya biaya layanan rawat jalan dan rawat inap penderita DM Tipe 2 berpotensi memberikan tekanan signifikan terhadap keberlanjutan pembiayaan JKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya rawat jalan dan rawat inap rumah sakit peserta JKN penderita DM Tipe 2 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder sampel klaim BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2025 dengan total sampel sebesar 3.865 peserta. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji t-test dan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok usia, jenis kelamin, hak kelas rawat, segmentasi peserta, dan hubungan keluarga berhubungan signifikan dengan biaya layanan DM Tipe 2 (p < 0,05). Sementara itu, status perkawinan dan jenis FKTP tidak sepenuhnya berhubungan signifikan dengan biaya layanan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor demografis dan kepesertaan JKN berperan penting dalam menentukan besaran biaya layanan DM Tipe 2. BPJS Kesehatan dan Kementerian Kesehatan disarankan untuk memperkuat strategi pengendalian biaya berbasis karakteristik peserta guna menjaga efisiensi dan keberlanjutan pembiayaan JKN.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases with the highest financial burden in Indonesia's National Health Insurance (JKN) program. The high costs of outpatient and inpatient services for Type 2 DM patients pose a significant threat to the financial sustainability of JKN. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with outpatient and inpatient hospital costs among JKN participants with Type 2 DM in Indonesia. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed using secondary data from BPJS Kesehatan claims sample of 2025, with a total sample of 3,865 participants. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses t-test an ANOVA. The results showed that age group, sex, inpatient class entitlement, participant segmentation, and family relationship status were significantly associated with Type 2 DM service costs (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, marital status and type of primary healthcare facility were not fully associated with service costs. This study concludes that demographic and JKN membership factors play an important role in determining the magnitude of Type 2 DM service costs. BPJS Kesehatan and the Ministry of Health are recommended to strengthen cost-control strategies based on participant characteristics to maintain the efficiency and sustainability of JKN financing.
S-12411
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nadia Fourina Surya; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji:Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Donny Hendrawan
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Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), talasemia sudah ditetapkan sebagai penyakit katastropik kelima setelah jantung, kanker, strok, dan gagal ginjal Tujuan: Mengetahui biaya perawatan peserta JKN penderita talasemia di Indonesia dalam satu tahun dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya perawatan tersebut. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan analisis univariat, bivariate, dan multivariate. Sampel penelitan ini ialah pasien talasemia yang terdaftar sebagai peserta JKN berdasarkan data BPJS Kesehatan 2019-2020. Hasil: BPJS Kesehatan menghabiskan anggaran sebesar Rp. 564,780,608,656.64 untuk pengobatan pasien talasemia dalam satu tahun. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap biaya perawatan pasien talasemia yaitu jenis kelamin, umur, tingkat kunjungan RITL, riwayat komplikasi dan komorbiditas, jenis talasemia, dan obat kelasi besi (p-value < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Pengobatan talasemia membutuhkan biaya yang besar dengan prediktor utama biaya perawatan talasemia adalah penggunaan obat kelasi besi.
Background: Based on data from the National Health Insurance (JKN), thalassemia has been designated as the fifth catastrophic disease following heart disease, cancer, stroke and kidney failure. Objective: To find out the cost of treating JKN participants with thalassemia in Indonesia in one year period and the factors associated with the cost of the treatment. Methods: a cross-sectional study design using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The study sample is thalassemia patients who are registered as JKN participants based on BPJS Health data for 2019-2020. Result: BPJS Health spends a budget of Rp. 564,780,608,657 for the treatment of thalassemia patients in one year. Factors related to the cost of treating thalassemia in JKN participants are gender, age, treatment class, outpatient visits, inpatient visits, case severity, type of thalassemia and the use of iron chelation drugs. Conclusion: Treatment of thalassemia requires a large amount of money and the main predictor of thalassemia treatment costs is the use of iron chelation drugs.
S-11214
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Enzelika Rahel Sininta; Pembiming: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan persalinan sectio caesarea di fasilitas rujukan tingkat lanjut di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2023, menggunakan desain penelitian non-eksperimental analitikal dengan pendekatan cross-sectional data sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2024. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 77,6% peserta melahirkan dengan tindakan sectio caesarea. Beberapa faktor ditemukan memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap pemilihan metode persalinan ini, antara lain: usia >35 tahun (OR: 1,93; 95% CI: 1,68–2,21), domisili di Jakarta Timur (OR: 4,68; 95% CI: 4,18–5,25), status kepesertaan PBPU (OR: 2,50; 95% CI: 2,23–2,79), hak kelas rawat Kelas I, kepemilikan fasilitas swasta (OR: 3,19; 95% CI: 3,08–3,32), tipe FKRTL kelas C (OR: 1,50; 95% CI: 1,47–1,75), serta lokasi FKRTL di Jakarta Timur (OR: 3,75; 95% CI: 3,53–3,98). Faktor riwayat sectio caesarea merupakan prediktor terkuat (OR: 77,2; 95% CI: 61,42–97,2), yang menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan tinggi untuk menjalani sectio berulang. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya perhatian terhadap keputusan medis pada persalinan pertama yang berpotensi memengaruhi pola persalinan berikutnya. Intervensi perlu dilakukan secara menyeluruh, baik pada sisi ibu melalui intervensi preventif dan penguatan kesiapan sejak di layanan primer, maupun pada sisi pelayanan melalui audit medis dan penerapan panduan klinis yang ketat.
This study aims to analyze the use of caesarean section deliveries in advanced referral health facilities in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023, using an non-experimental analytical cross-sectional design based on BPJS Health sample data from 2024. Results showed that 77.6% of participants gave birth via caesarean section. Several factors were significantly associated with caesarean delivery, including age over 35 years (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.68–2.21), residence in East Jakarta (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 4.18–5.25), PBPU insurance status (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 2.23–2.79), Class I inpatient entitlement, private hospital ownership (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 3.08–3.32), Class C hospital type (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.47–1.75), and facility location in East Jakarta (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 3.53–3.98). History of caesarean section was the strongest predictor (OR: 77.2; 95% CI: 61.42–97.2), indicating a high likelihood of reccuring procedures. These findings highlight the importance of careful medical decision-making during the first delivery, as it can significantly influence subsequent delivery patterns. Comprehensive interventions are needed, both on the maternal side through preventive measures and strengthened readiness starting at the primary care level, and on the service side through medical audits and strict implementation of clinical guidelines.
This study aims to analyze the use of caesarean section deliveries in advanced referral health facilities in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023, using an non-experimental analytical cross-sectional design based on BPJS Health sample data from 2024. Results showed that 77.6% of participants gave birth via caesarean section. Several factors were significantly associated with caesarean delivery, including age over 35 years (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.68–2.21), residence in East Jakarta (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 4.18–5.25), PBPU insurance status (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 2.23–2.79), Class I inpatient entitlement, private hospital ownership (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 3.08–3.32), Class C hospital type (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.47–1.75), and facility location in East Jakarta (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 3.53–3.98). History of caesarean section was the strongest predictor (OR: 77.2; 95% CI: 61.42–97.2), indicating a high likelihood of reccuring procedures. These findings highlight the importance of careful medical decision-making during the first delivery, as it can significantly influence subsequent delivery patterns. Comprehensive interventions are needed, both on the maternal side through preventive measures and strengthened readiness starting at the primary care level, and on the service side through medical audits and strict implementation of clinical guidelines.
S-12060
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hana Zakiyah; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Laksmi Damaryanti
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Latar Belakang: Gangguan kesehatan mental memberikan beban ekonomi signifikan secara global, dengan proyeksi kerugian mencapai USD 6 triliun pada tahun 2030. Di Indonesia, estimasi biaya langsung tahunan mencapai Rp87,5 triliun apabila seluruh invidiu dengan gangguan mental menjalani pengobatan rutin. Tujuan: Mengetahui besaran biaya dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya layanan kesehatan mental pada rawat jalan FKRTL Peserta JKN. Metode: Desain studi dengan potong lintang menggunakan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2024. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat terhadap 785.150 peserta aktif layanan kesehatan mental. Hasil: BPJS Kesehatan menanggung total biaya layanan kesehatan mental sebesar Rp3,4 triliun dalam satu tahun. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara biaya layanan dengan usia, segmentasi peserta, jumlah diagnosis, frekuensi kunjungan RJTL, regional FKRTL, kepemilikan FKRTL, dan kondisi penyakit kronis. Kesimpulan: Biaya tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok usia lanjut dan wilayah Regional 1, yang mencerminkan konsentrasi layanan serta akses yang lebih optimal. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya pemerataan dan pendekatan berbasis kebutuhan layanan kesehatan mental.
Background: Mental health disorders present a significant global economic burden, with projected losses reaching USD 6 trillion by 2030. In Indonesia, the estimated annual direct cost may reach IDR 87.5 trillion if all individuals with mental disorders undergo routine treatment. Objective: To identify the total cost and factors associated with mental health service expenditures in outpatient care at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) for JKN participants. Methods: This study uses cross-sectional design using the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on 785,150 active mental health service users. Results: BPJS Kesehatan covered a total of IDR 3.4 trillion in mental health outpatient services within one year. There was a significant relationship between service costs and age, participant segmentation, number of diagnoses, outpatient visits frequency, advanced health facilities regional, advanced referral health facilities ownership, and chronic disease conditions. Conclusions: The highest costs were observed among the elderly and in Regional 1, reflecting a concentration of services and better access. These findings highlight the importance of equitable distribution and need-based approaches in mental health service financing.
Background: Mental health disorders present a significant global economic burden, with projected losses reaching USD 6 trillion by 2030. In Indonesia, the estimated annual direct cost may reach IDR 87.5 trillion if all individuals with mental disorders undergo routine treatment. Objective: To identify the total cost and factors associated with mental health service expenditures in outpatient care at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) for JKN participants. Methods: This study uses cross-sectional design using the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on 785,150 active mental health service users. Results: BPJS Kesehatan covered a total of IDR 3.4 trillion in mental health outpatient services within one year. There was a significant relationship between service costs and age, participant segmentation, number of diagnoses, outpatient visits frequency, advanced health facilities regional, advanced referral health facilities ownership, and chronic disease conditions. Conclusions: The highest costs were observed among the elderly and in Regional 1, reflecting a concentration of services and better access. These findings highlight the importance of equitable distribution and need-based approaches in mental health service financing.
S-12051
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ahmad Saepu Bahril Ulum; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Penguji: Puput Oktamianti, Laksmi Damaryanti
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Gagal ginjal kronis (GGK) merupakan penyakit kronik yang memerlukan pengobatan jangka panjang dan menimbulkan beban biaya kesehatan yang tinggi, khususnya dalam sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Beban biaya tersebut berpotensi meningkat apabila pasien GGK disertai dengan komorbiditas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cost of illness kasus gagal ginjal kronis dengan dan tanpa komorbiditas pada peserta JKN di Indonesia tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2024 yang merepresentasikan pelayanan kesehatan peserta JKN tahun 2023. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh peserta JKN dengan diagnosis gagal ginjal kronis, baik dengan maupun tanpa komorbiditas. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan komparatif terhadap biaya pelayanan rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien gagal ginjal kronis merupakan pasien dengan komorbiditas. Kelompok usia terbanyak berada pada rentang usia 45–64 tahun. Biaya pelayanan rawat jalan relatif rendah dan stabil, sedangkan biaya rawat inap menunjukkan variasi yang lebih besar. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditemukan pada lama rawat inap antara pasien GGK dengan dan tanpa komorbiditas, sementara perbedaan biaya total tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan komorbiditas tidak selalu meningkatkan biaya pelayanan kesehatan per episode pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan penyakit kronik secara terintegrasi serta penguatan upaya promotif dan preventif perlu terus ditingkatkan untuk menekan beban biaya pelayanan GGK dalam sistem JKN.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment and imposes a substantial financial burden on the healthcare system, particularly within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme. This burden may increase when CKD patients have comorbid conditions. This study aimed to analyze the cost of illness of chronic kidney disease with and without comorbidities among JKN participants in Indonesia in 2023. This study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The data used were secondary sample data from BPJS Kesehatan in 2024, representing healthcare services for JKN participants in 2023. The study population consisted of all JKN participants diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, both with and without comorbidities. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and comparatively to assess outpatient and inpatient healthcare costs. The results showed that the majority of CKD patients had comorbidities, with the largest proportion found in the 45–64 age group. Outpatient costs were relatively low and stable, while inpatient costs showed greater variation. A significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay between CKD patients with and without comorbidities, whereas total healthcare costs did not show a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the presence of comorbidities does not always lead to higher healthcare costs per episode among CKD patients. Therefore, strengthening integrated chronic disease management as well as promotive and preventive efforts is essential to reduce the financial burden of CKD within the JKN system.
S-12176
[s.l.] :
FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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