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Dislipidemia adalah suatu gangguan yang mengacu pada kadar lipid yang tidak normal dalam aliran darah yang ditandai dengan ditemukannya salah satu tanda keabnormalan kadar lipid darah, meliputi kadar kolesterol total, LDL, trigliserida, atau HDL. Prevalensi dislipidemia pada usia dewasa (19–49 tahun) di Indonesia tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dislipidemia pada penduduk usia 15–49 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder SKI 2023. Analisis data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji kai kuadrat, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 15.827 subjek, 90,7% responden laki-laki dan 80,2% responden perempuan mengalami dislipidemia. Analisis bivariat pada responden laki-laki menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan antara usia, status pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, indeks massa tubuh, hipertensi, dan obesitas sentral dengan kejadian dislipidemia (p-value <0,05). Analisis bivariat pada responden perempuan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan antara usia, wilayah tempat tinggal, tingkat pendidikan, konsumsi makanan berlemak, minuman manis, minuman beralkohol, indeks massa tubuh, diabetes melitus, hipertensi, dan obesitas sentral dengan kejadian dislipidemia (p-value <0,05). Analisis multivariat pada responden laki-laki menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh merupakan faktor dominan (p-value = 0,000; OR 2,3; 95% CI : 1,752-3,249), sedangkan pada responden perempuan menunjukkan bahwa interaksi indeks massa tubuh dan konsumsi makanan berlemak merupakan faktor dominan (p-value = 0,038; OR 3,4; 95% CI : 1,070-10,834).
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels that can lead to various physiological complications. Based on 2018 Riskesdas data, there is a disparity in Indonesia between the prevalence of DM diagnosed by doctors (2%) and prevalence identified through blood glucose testing (8.5%). This difference suggests a significant number of undiagnosed DM cases. Understanding the factors that influence diabetes diagnosis, especially in specific age groups, can help develop effective prevention and treatment plans. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults (ages 25-60) in Indonesia in 2018. This study uses a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2018 Riskesdas. Data analysis includes univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The results indicate that out of 24,434 individuals in Indonesia, 9.6% of adults (ages 25-60) have undiagnosed DM. The dominant factor for undiagnosed DM in this population is level of education (AOR =1,224).
Central obesity is a condition where there is an accumulation of fat in the abdomen. Central obesity is associated with the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. The prevalence of central obesity is known to increase in both developed and developing countries. As many as 40.2% of individuals in the world are estimated to have central obesity. Indonesia is a developing country with an increasing prevalence of central obesity with an increase from 2007, 2013, and 2018 according to riskesdas data, respectively, by 18%, 26%, and 31%. The increase in central obesity is associated with economic development and urbanization leading to unfavorable changes in consumption habits of high-calorie foods and sugary drinks, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress. Riskesdas 2018 data states that the prevalence of central obesity in urban areas is higher than the national prevalence, which is 35%. This study aims to further analyze the dominant factors in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia. There were 194,049 riskesdas 2018 respondents who were involved in this study. Data analysis used chi-square bivariate test and multiple logistic regression multivariate test on the applicationThe results showed that there were 15 variables that were significantly associated with the incidence of central obesity, including: age, gender, education level, employment status, emotional mental health, consumption of sweet foods, sugary drinks, fatty foods, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking habits (p-value <0,05). Female gender is known as the dominant factor in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia (p-value 0,0005). The OR of the incidence of central obesity was 4.06 (95%CI: 3,947-4,175) higher in the female respondent group, after being controlled by other variables. Thus, people in urban areas, especially women, are urged to increase awareness regarding central obesity. The public is encouraged to reduce the consumption of risky foods, do exercise regularly, avoid stress, and avoid smoking and alcohol consumption. Health agencies are expected to help the community by providing nutrition education and promotion of health related to central obesity.
