Masalah malnutrisi balita masih menjadi tantangan global, dengan 45 juta anak mengalami wasting pada 2022. Di Indonesia, prevalensi wasting dan underweight masing-masing mencapai 8,5% dan 15,9%, termasuk di Jakarta Timur yang mencatat angka wasting 9,3% dan memiliki jumlah balita terbanyak di DKI Jakarta. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pemerintah mengimplementasikan program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Pemulihan yang didanai melalui APBD maupun Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Program PMT berbahan pangan lokal yang didanai oleh APBD dan CSR terhadap perubahan status gizi anak usia 6–59 bulan di Jakarta Timur tahun 2024. Menggunakan desain mixed methods sequential explanatory, yang menggabungkan analisis kuantitatif terhadap 2.183 anak (APBD: 1.812; CSR: 371) dan analisis kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola program. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan status gizi anak sebelum dan sesudah intervensi PMT berdasarkan sumber pendanaan (APBD dan CSR). Analisis statistik meliputi independent sampel t-test, oneway ANOVA, dan regresi linier dengan menggunakan indikator perubahan Δ z-score BB/U dan BB/TB.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan status gizi BB/U (APBD naik 6,4%; CSR naik 10%) dan BB/TB (APBD naik 1%; CSR naik 2,4%). Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi awal dengan perubahan z-score BB/U (APBD p=0,000; CSR p=0,033) dan BB/TB (APBD p=0,000). Regresi linier multivariat menunjukkan bahwa status gizi awal, frekuensi, dan jenis PMT merupakan faktor signifikan dalam perubahan z-score (p<0,05), sedangkan sumber pendanaan tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Temuan kualitatif menyoroti perbedaan dalam pelaksanaan dan pemantauan antara skema APBD dan CSR, namun keberhasilan program lebih dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan sasaran dan kualitas implementasi.
Studi ini menyimpulkan keduanya pendanaan memiliki potensi yang setara dalam mendukung perbaikan status gizi anak. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan efektivitas antara PMT berbasis APBD dan CSR, di mana keberhasilan program lebih dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan sasaran dan pelaksanaannya. Penguatan monitoring serta kolaborasi lintas sektor diperlukan untuk meningkatkan dampak intervensi gizi pada anak. Temuan penelitian ini menjadi rujukan bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam pengembangan intervensi gizi anak berbasis kebutuhan lokal.

Child malnutrition remains a global challenge, with an estimated 45 million children experiencing wasting in 2022. In Indonesia, the prevalence of wasting and underweight among children under five remains high at 8.5% and 15.9%, respectively. East Jakarta, which has the largest number of under-five children in the capital, reported a wasting prevalence of 9.3%. To address this issue, the government has implemented the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT Pemulihan), funded through both local government budgets (APBD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) schemes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of locally sourced PMT programs funded by APBD and CSR on the nutritional status improvement of children aged 6–59 months in East Jakarta in 2024. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative analysis of 2,183 children (APBD: 1,812; CSR: 371) and qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with program implementers. The analysis assessed changes in nutritional status before and after PMT interventions, based on funding sources. Statistical methods included independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression using changes in weight-for-age (Δ z-score W/A) and weight-for-height (Δ z-score W/H) as indicators. The results showed improvements in W/A (6.4% in APBD; 10% in CSR) and W/H (1% in APBD; 2.4% in CSR). Significant associations were found between baseline nutritional status and z-score changes for both W/A (APBD p = 0.000; CSR p = 0.033) and W/H (APBD p = 0.000). Multivariate regression indicated that initial nutritional status, feeding frequency, and PMT type were significant factors affecting z-score changes (p < 0.05), while funding source was not significant after adjusting for other variables. Qualitative findings highlighted differences in implementation and monitoring between APBD and CSR programs, but emphasized that program success was more influenced by targeting accuracy and quality of implementation. The study concludes that both funding schemes have comparable potential in improving child nutritional status. No significant difference in effectiveness was found between APBD- and CSR-based PMT. Success was driven more by precise targeting and proper implementation. Strengthening monitoring systems and cross-sectoral collaboration is essential to maximize the impact of nutrition interventions. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers in developing locally tailored child nutrition strategies.

Balita gizi kurang merupakan keadaan gizi pada balita dengan berat badan menurut tinggi badan atau berat badan menurut panjang badan pada Z-score -3 SD sampai dengan <-2 SD atau lingkar lengan atas (LiLA) 11,5 cm sampai dengan <12,5 cm. Pada tahun 2021, prevalensi wasting di Provinsi Banten melebihi angka nasional yaitu sebesar 7,9%. Bahkan di Kota Serang jauh lebih tinggi sebesar 11,4%. Sedangkan Kecamatan Serang merupakan penyumbang prevalensi gizi kurang tertinggi di Kota Serang dengan angka  30,71%. Tata laksana balita gizi kurang yang menjadi program Kementerian Kesehatan dengan memberikan makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal yang dilaksanakan salah satunya di Kecamatan Serang, Kota Serang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan status gizi pada balita gizi kurang usia 12-59 bulan dalam program pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal di Kecamatan Serang tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan sampel balita gizi kurang usia 12-59 bulan berjumlah 130 balita yang telah mengikuti program pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal di Kecamatan Serang tahun 2022. Variabel independen meliputi faktor balita (usia, jenis kelamin, ASI eksklusif, PMT berbahan pangan lokal, konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, konsumsi protein hewani, konsumsi protein nabati, penyakit infeksi dan imunisasi) dan faktor orang tua (pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan). Uji statistik yang digunakan pada uji bivariat menggunakan chi square dan uji multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda model determinan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat balita yang status gizinya naik sebanyak 56,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan pangan lokal (p-value = 0,012), konsumsi energi (p-value = 0,001), penyakit infeksi (p-value = 0,020) dan pendapatan (p-value = 0,003). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan status gizi adalah konsumsi energi (OR = 3,600). Balita dengan konsumsi energi kurang berisiko 3,6 kali lebih tinggi status gizinya tidak naik dibandingkan balita yang mengonsumsi cukup energi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel PMT berbahan pangan lokal, konsumsi protein, konsumsi protein hewani, penyakit infeksi, imunisasi dan pendapatan. Perlunya perbaikan pola pemberian makan dan asupan makanan yang baik dalam jumlah dan kualitasnya untuk menunjang tumbuh kembang balita dan meningkatkan kewaspadaan jika terjadi masalah gizi pada balita.

Wasted is a nutritional condition in children under five with weight for height Z-score or weight for length Z-score of -3 SD to <-2 SD or upper arm circumference of 11.5 cm to <12.5 cm. In 2021, the prevalence of wasting in Banten Province exceeded the national rate at 7.9%. In Serang City, it was even higher at 11.4%. Meanwhile, Serang sub-district contributed the highest prevalence of wasted in Serang city with 30.71%. The management of wasted children, which is a program of the Ministry of Health by local food-based supplementary feeding program is implemented one of them in Serang District, Serang City. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with improving nutritional status in underweight children aged 12-59 months in the local food-based supplementary feeding program in Serang District in 2022. This study used a cross sectional study design with a sample of wasted children aged 12-59 months totaling 130 children who had participated in the local food-based supplementary feeding program in Serang District in 2022. Independent variables included children factors (age, sex, exclusive breastfeeding, local food-based supplementary feeding program, energy consumption, protein consumption, animal protein consumption, vegetable protein consumption, infectious diseases and immunization) and parental factors (maternal education and income). Statistical tests used in bivariate tests using chi square and multivariate tests using multiple logistic regression determinant models. The results showed that there were children whose nutritional status improved by 56.2%. There was a significant relationship between local food-based supplementary feeding program (p-value = 0.012), energy consumption (p-value = 0.001), infectious diseases (p-value = 0.020) and income (p-value = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant factor associated with improved nutritional status was energy consumption (OR = 3.600). Children with insufficient energy consumption had a 3.6 times higher risk of not improving their nutritional status compared to children who consumed enough energy after controlling for the variables of local food-based supplementary feeding program, protein consumption, animal protein consumption, infectious diseases, immunization and income. It is necessary to improve feeding patterns and food intake both in quantity and quality to support the growth and development of children and increase vigilance in the event of nutritional problems in children under five.

Salah satu upaya agar memperoleh sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas di masa datang dengan memperhatikan keadaan gizi balita umumnya dan anak usia 6-17 bulan khususnya. Kemiskinan erat hubungannya dengan keadaan gizi balita, karena keterbatasan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar antara lain makanan. Umumnya anak yang hidup di dalam keluarga miskin menderita gangguan pertumbuhan dan kurang gizi, tetapi kenyataannya dalam keadaan sosial ekonomi miskin masih terdapat anak-anak dengan status gizi baik, sehingga timbul pertanyaan faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan anak keluarga miskin mempunyai status gizi baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan pada keluarga miskin di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Barat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan jumlah sampel yang diolah 479 orang anak dari 540 orang anak yang ada pada studi penyimpangan positif masalah KEP di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Timur. Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi gizi baik pada anak usia 6-17 bulan di Jakarta Utara 64,7%,kabupaten Bogor 63,1%, kabupten Lombok Timur 59,3% dan secara keseluruhannya 62,4%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) asupan energi dan asupan protein dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-1.7 bulan di Jakarta Utara, ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Bogor, ada hubungan yang bermakna pola asuh anak dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan keadaan rumah dengan status gizi basi anak usia 6-17 bulan pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan adalah asupan protein di Jakarta Utara, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi di kabupaten Bogor, pola asuh anak di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan keadaan rumah pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Dan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik masih rendah dan adanya variasi faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin. Untuk itu Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten/kota dalam perencanaan perbaikan status gizi anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin tidak disamakan di semua lokasi tetapi dibedakan dengan melihat faktor dominan dimasing-masing lokasi dan perlunya perbaikan lingkungan perumahan yang disertai dengan penyuluhan perilaku hidup sehat. Untuk Puskemas perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi melalui program promosi gizi seimbang di masyarakat.

Factors Related to Good Nutritional Status of Children Age 6-17 Months Old Among Poor Families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor District, and Eastern Lombok District in 1999. (Secondary Data Analysis)Among others, concern on under five nutritional status in general and children age 6-17 months old in particular is one important effort to improve the quality of human resource in the future. Poverty is closely related to the nutritional status of under five due to limitation to fulfill basic needs including food In general, children live within poor families suffered from growth retardation and under nutrition. However, within the poor socioeconomic environment, children with good nutritional status still can be found. This raises questions on what factors contribute to good nutritional status among poor families. The aim of this study is to investigate factors related to good nutritional status of children age 6-17 months old among poor families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district in 1999. Design of this study is cross sectional with number of sample of analysis 479 out of 540 children who were included in the positive deviance study on protein energy malnutrition in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district. The study shows the proportion of children age 6-17 months old with good nutritional status are 64.7% in Northern Jakarta, 63.1% Bogor district, 59.3% in Eastern Lombok and the overall proportion is 62A%. The chi square test exhibits. significant association (p<0.45) between energy and protein intakes with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Northern Jakarta, significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Bogor district, significant association between child care practices and good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Eastern Lombok district, and significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge and house condition with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that the most dominant factors for good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old are protein intake in Northern Jakarta, mother's nutrition knowledge in Bogor district, child care practices in Eastern Lombok district, and house condition for overall places. The study result concludes that the proportion of good nutritional status is still low and there is variation of dominant factors related to good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in poor areas. District Health Service have to consider the variation of determinant by making the planning of improvement of nutritional status not similar to the other districts. The planning has to be based on the real situation and the determinants which have been identified as main caused of nutritional status in each districts. There is a need to improve mother's nutrition knowledge through promotion of balance of nutrition and through promotion of nutrition in Posyandu as well as innovation of affordable nutrition balance.