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RSUD Tarakan merupakan rumah sakit umum daerah milik Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Jakarta yang ditetapkan sebagai rumah sakit pengampu layanan stroke baik untuk kasus stroke infark maupun kasus stroke hemoragik. Dalam memberikan pelayanan kasus stroke hemoragik baik severity I, II maupun III, RSUD Tarakan mengalami selisih negatif antara rata-rata tarif INA CBG’s terhadap rata-rata tarif rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran biaya satuan perawatan stroke hemoragik sebagai langkah awal untuk menganalisis biaya. Dengan diketahuinya besaran biaya satuan antara layanan aktual dan clinical pathway maka dapat diketahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan inefisiensi di dalam perawatan stroke hemoragik. Dari faktor-faktor inefisiensi yang telah diketahui maka dapat diketahui pula nilai cost recovery rate untuk menentukan upaya efisiensi dan penerapan cost containment sebagai rekomendasi bagi manajemen RSUD Tarakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang mengolah data primer dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan data sekunder melalui telaah dokumen dengan menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya satuan rata-rata perawatan stroke hemoragik kelas 1 sebesar Rp. 18.296.787,-, kelas 2 sebesar Rp. 32.496.824,- dan kelas 3 sebesar Rp. 15.595.005. Nilai cost recovery rate mencapai lebih dari 100% pada perawatan stroke hemoragik baik severity I, II maupun III dengan LOS 1-7 hari. Dari hasil upaya efisiensi berdasarkan layanan dan biaya disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya inefisiensi pada perawatan stroke hemoragik adalah keterpakaian tempat tidur yang rendah khususnya kelas 2, utilitas alat yang rendah, biaya pemakaian obat yang tinggi serta LOS yang memanjang. Dari faktor-faktor tersebut dilakukan pemetaan terhadap 4 tahap cost containment. Cost Awareness dilakukan dengan pemantapan sosialisasi kepada dokter dan seluruh pegawai mengenai pentingnya kesadaran biaya di rumah sakit, cost management dilakukan dengan melakukan strategi optimalisasi sumber daya manusia dan pemakaian obat-obatan, optimalisasi proses layanan perawatan stroke hemoragik dan sarana-prasarana yang diberikan seperti penggabungan kelas 2 ke dalam ruang rawat kelas 3 yang sudah sesuai standar KRIS serta otomatisasi sistem informasi rumah sakit. Cost monitoring dilakukan dengan memperkuat fungsi pengawasan pihak-pihak pengendali biaya dan cost incentive dilakukan dengan memberikan reward kepada dokter maupun pegawai rumah sakit yang berkontribusi dalam melakukan efisiensi biaya rumah sakit.
RSUD Tarakan is a regional public hospital owned by the Provincial Government of the Special Region of Jakarta which is designated as the hospital in charge of stroke services for both infarct stroke cases and hemorrhagic stroke cases. In providing services for hemorrhagic stroke cases of severity I, II and III, RSUD Tarakan experiences a negative difference between the average INA CBG's tariff and the average hospital tariff. This study aims to determine the unit cost of hemorrhagic stroke care as a first step to analyzing costs. By knowing the amount of unit costs between actual services and clinical pathway, it can be known what factors can cause inefficiencies in hemorrhagic stroke treatment. From the inefficiency factors that have been known, the value of cost recovery rate can also be known to determine efficiency efforts and the application of cost containment as a recommendation for the management of RSUD Tarakan. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach that processes primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data through document review using the Activity Based Costing method. The results of this study indicate that the average unit cost of class 1 hemorrhagic stroke treatment is Rp. 18,296,787, class 2 is Rp. 32,496,824, and class 3 is Rp. 15,595,005. The cost recovery rate value reached more than 100% in hemorrhagic stroke treatment both severity I, II and III with LOS 1-7 days. From the results of efficiency efforts based on services and costs, it is concluded that the factors that cause inefficiency in hemorrhagic stroke treatment are low bed utilization, especially class 2, low equipment utility, high drug usage costs and prolonged LOS. From these factors, a mapping of the 4 stages of cost containment was carried out. Cost Awareness is carried out by strengthening socialization to doctors and all employees regarding the importance of cost awareness in hospitals, cost management is carried out by carrying out strategies to optimize human resources and the use of drugs, optimizing the hemorrhagic stroke treatment service process and facilities provided such as the incorporation of class 2 into class 3 treatment rooms that are in accordance with KRIS standards and automation of hospital information systems. Cost monitoring is carried out by strengthening the supervisory function of cost control parties and cost incentives are carried out by providing rewards to doctors and hospital employees who contribute to hospital cost efficiency.
ABSTRAK Nama : Weny Rinawati Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Analisis biaya perawatan stroke berdasarkan Clinical Pathway di Rumah Sakit Pusat Otak Nasional Jakarta dalam pelayanan pasien Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Latar belakang. Masalah yang sering dihadapi pada pelayanan pasien Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional adalah kesenjangan biaya perawatan pasien stroke dengan tarif INA-CBGs. Hal ini terkait dengan biaya perawatan dan Clinical Pathway. Tujuan. Mengetahui biaya perawatan pasien stroke di Rumah Sakit Pusat Otak Nasional. Metoda. Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif mengikutsertakan 277 subjek penyakit stroke yang diperoleh di Rumah Sakit Pusat Otak Nasional Jakarta selama Januari – Juni 2015. Biaya perawatan stroke dihitung berdasarkan biaya satuan (unit cost) dengan menggunakan metode activity based costing dan Clinical Pathway. Hasil. Biaya satuan perawatan stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik berdasarkan Clinical Pathway, dengan memperhitungkan biaya investasi dan biaya gaji, tanpa memperhitungkan jasa medis berturut-turut adalah Rp 311,860,860.83 dan Rp 585,083,610.01; dengan memperhitungkan biaya investasi, biaya gaji, dan jasa medis berdasarkan tarif rumah sakit adalah Rp 321,682,940.73 dan Rp598,929,450.01; dengan memperhitungkan biaya investasi, biaya gaji, dan jasa medis berdasarkan tarif IDI adalah Rp 318,360,860.73 dan Rp 594,333,610.01; tanpa memperhitungkan biaya investasi, biaya gaji, dan jasa medis adalah Rp30,361,681.00 dan Rp25,698,199.46; tanpa memperhitungkan biaya investasi dan biaya gaji, tetapi memperhitungkan jasa medis berdasarkan tarif rumah sakit adalah Rp 40,183,761.00 dan Rp 39,544,199.46; tanpa memperhitungkan biaya investasi dan biaya gaji, tetapi memperhitungkan jasa medis berdasarkan IDI adalah Rp 36,861,681.00 dan Rp 34,948,199.46. Simpulan: Dijumpai selisih biaya perawatan berdasarkan biaya satuan dan Clinical Pathway, baik yang memperhitungkan biaya investasi, gaji, dan jasa medis, maupun tanpa memperhitungkan biaya investasi, gaji, dan jasa medis, dengan tarif layanan existing dan tarif INA-CBGs Kata kunci : biaya, Clinical Pathway, INA-CBGs, stroke
ABSTRACT Name : Weny Rinawati Study Program : Hospital Administration Title : Cost of stroke treatment based on Clinical Pathway in National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta Background. Problem often encountered in patient care National Health Insurance is the gap between the cost of stroke treatment with INA-CBGs tariff. This is related to the cost of treatment and the Clinical Pathway. Aim. Knowing the cost of stroke treatment in the National Brain Center Hospital Jakarta. Methods. Descriptive quantitative study involving 277 subjects stroke obtained at the National Brain Center Hospital Jakarta during January - June 2015. The cost of stroke treatment are calculated based on the unit cost using activity-based costing method and Clinical Pathway. Results. The unit cost of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke treatment by Clinical Pathway, taking into account investment costs and salary costs, regardless of medical services is IDR 311,860,860.83 and IDR 585,083,610.01; taking into account investment cost, salary cost, and medical services tariff based hospital is IDR 321,682,940.73 and IDR 598,929,450.01; taking into account investment cost, salary cost, and medical services tariff based IDI is IDR 318,360,860.73 and IDR 594,333,610.01; without taking into account investment cost, salary cost, and medical services are IDR 30,361,681.00 and IDR 25,698,199.46; without taking into account the investment cost and salary cost, but taking into account medical services tariff based hospital is IDR 40,183,761.00 and IDR 39,544,199.46; without taking into account the investment cost and salary cost, but taking into account medical services tariff based IDI is IDR 36,861,681.00 and IDR 34,948,199.46. Conclusion. Found difference in the cost of stroke treatment is based on unit cost and Clinical Pathway, both of which take into account the investment, salaries, and medical services cost, and without taking into account investment, salaries, and medical services cost, with existing services and tariff rates INA-CBGs Keywords: Clinical Pathway, cost, INA-CBGs, stroke
This study analyzed about discharge process for home-hospitalized patient. Thisstudy is conducted to find the time rates of discharge process cycle and obstacles inevery step. This study also describe the process from different perspective such asinput, process and output. Type of the study is qualitative study. Data of the studywere collected from direct observation, in-depth interview, document analysis. Theresult of this study shows that the average time rate of discharge process of home-hospitalized patient was 159 minutes (>2 hours). This result is longer than thestandard discharge time (120 minutes). This result was influenced by many factors,such as human resources, standard operational procedure, infrastructure, policy ofthe hospital. In inclusion, time rate for discharge process of home-hospitalizedpatient is still categorized as long-awaited time which is more than 2 hours.Keyword : discharge process, hospitalization, time, obstaclesReferences : 57 ( 1997-2015).
Stroke is the leading cause of death and illness in Indonesia, according to Riskesdas data the prevalence continues to increase by 10.9 per mile in 2018. Non-hemorrhagic strokes are the most frequent inpatients cases at dr.Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Hospital. The hospital has made the clinical pathway, but no updates have been made after more than 3 years. This study aims to get an overview of the inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes and challenges faced when implementing clinical pathways. This is retrospective research, uses quantitative and qualitative approaches in a system evaluation framework. The results showed that the input variables in terms of HR, funds, policies, infrastructure, drugs and medical equipment are available and ready to apply CP, the challenge is lies in the team coordination. Process variables are already running with challenges in team identification, team leader election and the CP socialization still not optimal. Output variables obtained an average LHR in accordance with CP, variants were obtained on the visit, supporting examinations, nursing services, drug consultations and medical devices. The outcome variable, there is a price difference between real and appropriate CP of Rp. 224,103 (5%), Positive difference in physiotherapy services Rp. 178,470 (143%), Visite Rp. 88,215 (26%), Nutrition Rp. 78,014 (18%), Accommodation Rp. 53,625 (10%), nursing services Rp. 45,805 (7%) and Consultation Rp. 6,750 (6%). A negative difference occurs in the drug service Rp. 123,911 (25%), Laboratory Rp. 92,465 (21%), Radiology Rp. 8,238 (1%) and Medical Devices Rp. 2,162 (1%).
ABSTRAK Keberhasilan universal health coverage di Indonesia sangat ditentukan oleh utilisasi sumber daya yang efisien di rumah sakit. Variasi biaya yang tinggi untuk perawatan tertentu menunjukkan indikasi bahwa rumah sakit belum cukup efisien dalam memanfaatkan sumber dayanya untuk menyediakan pelayanan. Length of stay (LOS) adalah salah satu faktor penting penentu biaya yang banyak digunakan sebagai indikator efisiensi rumah sakit dalam penggunaan sumber daya. LOS dan biaya perawatan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, baik yang merupakan karakteristik pasien maupun faktor terkait manajemen di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi seberapa besar hubungan antara karakteristik pasien dengan variasi LOS dan biaya perawatan,dan mengetahui gambaran penerapan clinical pathway sebagai upaya kendali mutu dan biaya pada pasien JKN rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati dari tahun 2015 – September 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi usia, jumlah diagnosis, jumlah prosedur dan kelas rawat hanya dapat menjelaskan sedikit variasi LOS dan biaya perawatan (R 2 <34%). Sementara itu clinical pathway sebagai salah satu pendekatan manajemen untuk kendali mutu dan biaya belum diterapkan secara optimal. Berbagai upaya kreatif perlu dilakukan manajemen antara lain implementasi care plan, difungsikannya kembali case manager, pengisian CP secara elektronik dan identifikasi inefisiensi dalam pelayanan menggunakan data unit cost rumah sakit. Kata kunci: Length of stay (LOS), biaya (costs), efisiensi, clinical pathway, CMG
ABSTRACT Efficient use of resources in hospitals will contribute to successful implementation of universal health coverage in Indonesia. Substantial variation in hospital costs for certain diagnosis or procedure is an indication of resource use inefficiency. Length of stay is a well-accepted measure of resource utilization and a key driver to hospital costs. Variation in LOS and costs can be influenced by patient demographic and clinical factors that are outside a hospital’s control, in the meanwhile there are also factors within the control of a hospital. This research focuses on five Casemix Main Groups and aims to identify how patient characteristic factors contribute to variation in LOS and costs, and to investigate qualitatively the implementation of Clinical Pathway as a management approach to control LOS as well as hospital costs for JKN patients at RSUP Fatmawati, a class-A teaching hospital in Jakarta, from 2015 to September 2017. The result indicates that the variance in LOS and cost is not significantly correlated to patient’s age, number of diagnoses, number of procedures and room types as independent variables. The hospital has numerous clinical pathways that have not been optimally implemented yet for LOS and cost control. This research provides information for hospital management team to improve LOS performance by implementing care planning, intensive case management and to use cost data for identification of inefficiency of certain types of care. Keywords: Length of stay (LOS), costs, efficiency, clinical pathway, CMG
ABSTRAK Nama : Ni Wayan Sri Wahyuni Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Ketepatan Waktu Penyelesaian Klaim Pasien Rawat Inap Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Rumah Sakit Ari Canti Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2017 Rumah Sakit Ari Canti kerap terjadi keterlambatan pengajuan klaim oleh pihak rumah sakit kepada BPJS Kesehatan yang mengganggu cash flow. Rumah sakit perlu melakukan kajian lebih lanjut melalui penelitian ini mengenai ketepatan waktu penyelesaian klaim pasien rawat inap JKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap ketepatan waktu penyelesaian klaim pasien rawat inap Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dengan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix methods) yang menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 209 dari berkas klaim dan 6 orang informan. Ketepatan waktu klaim pasien rawat inap JKN sebesar 65,4% yang tidak tepat 34,6%. Faktor – faktor yang berpegaruh secara signifikan terhadap ketepatan waktu klaim adalah ketersediaan SEP, kelengkapan berkas rekam medis, ketepatan waktu pengembalian berkas rekam medis, kesesuaian entri data berkas dan ketepatan waktu entri data. . Kata kunci: JKN, Ketepatan waktu, klaim
ABSTRACT Name : Ni Wayan Sri Wahyuni Study Programe : Hospital Administration Analysis Title : Timeliness of Claim Settlement on Inpatient Patients of National Health Insurance at Ari Canti Hospital, Gianyar District 2017 Ari Canti Hospital often happens delay in filing claims by the hospital to The Organizer of Social Health Insurance that interfere with cash flow. The hospitals need to conduct further study through this research on the timeliness of settlement of claims of inpatients of National Health Insurance. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the accuracy of the settlement of claims of inpatients of the National Healthcare. The research using a quantitative and qualitative approach (mixed methods) with using cross sectional techniques. Research sample was 209 of claim files and six informants. The time punctuality of National Health Insurance inpatient claim’s was 65.4% and not punctual around 34.6%. Factors significantly influencing the timeliness of claims are the availability of letters of patient eligibility, medical file completeness, the timeliness of the returning the medical record, the suitability of the data entry files and the timeliness of the data entry. Keywords: National Health Insurance, timeliness, claims