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Depresi menjadi salah satu masalah gangguan mental yang paling umum terjadi dan merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas di dunia terutama pada kelompok anak muda. Di Indonesia, prevalensi depresi tertinggi terjadi pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun dan 61% diantaranya pernah berpikiran untuk mengakhiri hidup. Gaya hidup, termasuk pola makan, juga berperan dalam kejadian depresi. Saat ini, tren pola konsumsi makanan di Indonesia cenderung tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada anak muda usia 15-24 tahun di Indonesia berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan stratifikasi berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, status ekonomi, wilayah tempat tinggal, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, dan konsumsi alkohol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan. Pola makan tidak sehat berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko depresi pada anak muda usia 15–24 tahun di Indonesia (OR=1,40; 95% CI: 1,21–1,61). Hubungan pola makan dan kejadian depresi ini dipengaruhi oleh kelompok usia dan wilayah tempat dengan hubungan yang kuat pada kelompok remaja usia 15-19 tahun dan tinggal di wilayah perkotaan. Pencegahan depresi pada anak muda perlu didukung dengan edukasi pola makan sehat dan peningkatan akses terhadap makanan sehat.
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems and a leading cause of disability worldwide, especially among young people. In Indonesia, the highest prevalence of depression occurs in the 15–24 age group, with 61% of them having experienced suicidal thoughts. Lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns, also play a role in the occurrence of depression. Currently, dietary consumption trends in Indonesia tend to be unhealthy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of depression among young people aged 15–24 in Indonesia based on the 2023 SKI data. This cross-sectional study employs univariate, bivariate, and stratified analyses based on age, sex, socioeconomic status, residential area, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy dietary patterns are significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in Indonesian youth aged 15–24 (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.21–1.61). The association was influenced by age group and region of residence with a strong association in youth aged 15-19 years and living in urban areas.. Although a higher risk of depression was also seen among alcohol consumers, this was not statistically significant. Prevention of depression in young people should be supported by education on healthy eating and improved access to healthy foods.
Hasil penelitian multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmenunjukkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi keluarga,daerah tempat, sikap terhadap hubungan seksual pranikah, pengaruh teman, pengalamankonsumsi alkohol, perilaku pacaran berisiko, dan perilaku merokok berhubungansignifikan dengan perilaku hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja di Indonesia. Faktorpaling dominan adalah perilaku pacaran berisiko, yaitu dengan nilai p = 0,000 dan aOR= 27,236 (95% CI: 19,979-37,129).
Kata kunci:Perilaku seksual, hubungan seksual pranikah, remaja, Indonesia.
Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), sekitar 12,2 juta kasus baru stroke terjadi setiap tahun secara global, dan lebih dari 6,5 juta orang meninggal akibat stroke setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, prevalensi stroke pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tercatat sebesar 1,32%, dengan proporsi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dan kelompok usia lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi, diabetes melitus dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan data SKI 2023. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik multivariat dengan dua pendekatan yaitu, variabel hipertensi self-reported dan menggunakan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah pada 8.942 responden menggunakan pendekatan non-weighted pada multivariat. Hasil multivariat baik pendekatan self- report maupun hasil pengukuran hipertensi menjadi faktor risiko terkuat penyebab stroke dengan (OR = 13,09; 95% CI: 7,06–24,28; p < 0,001) dan (OR = 6,13; 95% CI: 2,62–14,31; p < 0,001), Laki-laki memiliki risiko stroke 2 kali lipat dibanding perempuan (p = 0,005). Usia ≥60 tahun memiliki OR tertinggi yaitu 9,09 (95% CI: 3,38–24,44; p < 0,001). Diabetes hanya signifikan dalam model pengukuran dengan OR = 6,59 (p < 0,001), untuk aktivitas fisik terbukti protektif. Dapat disimpulkan hipertensi baik berdasarkan self-report maupun hasil pengukuran merupakan prediktor kuat kejadian stroke. Aktivitas fisik memiliki efek protektif yang signifikan. Penggunaan data tekanan darah terukur memberikan estimasi risiko yang lebih konservatif namun stabil. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini hipertensi dan promosi aktivitas fisik dalam strategi pencegahan stroke.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 12.2 million new cases of stroke occur globally each year, with over 6.5 million deaths attributed to stroke annually. In Indonesia, based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of stroke among individuals aged ≥15 years was recorded at 1.32%, with higher proportions among males and the elderly population. This study aimed to determine the association between hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke among residents of DKI Jakarta. This was an analytical cross-sectional study using SKI 2023 data, involving 8,942 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted using two approaches: self-reported hypertension and measured blood pressure. Both models were analyzed without weighting. The results showed that hypertension was the strongest risk factor for stroke, both in the self-reported model (OR = 13.09; 95% CI: 7.06–24.28; p < 0.001) and the measured blood pressure model (OR = 6.13; 95% CI: 2.62–14.31; p < 0.001). Males had twice the risk of stroke compared to females (p = 0.005). Individuals aged ≥60 years had the highest risk (OR = 9.09; 95% CI: 3.38–24.44; p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with stroke only in the model using measured blood pressure (OR = 6.59; p < 0.001). Physical activity was found to have a significant protective effect. In conclusion, hypertension—both self-reported and based on measured blood pressure is a strong predictor of stroke. Physical activity plays a significant protective role. Using objectively measured blood pressure yields a more conservative but stable risk estimate. These findings underscore the importance of early hypertension detection and the promotion of physical activity in stroke prevention strategies.
Kata kunci: Gangguan Mental Emosional, Faktor-faktor, Remaja, Jawa Barat
Adolescents are an important age group for the nation. However, adolescents are prone to experiencing mental problems, one of which is emotional mental disorders. From the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of mental emotional disorders in adolescents 15-24 years was 10%. This figure is above the national prevalence rate. Meanwhile, West Java Province, which has the highest number of productive ages in Indonesia, is among the top 10 provinces with the highest prevalence of emotional mental disorders in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between factors associated with the incidence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java in 2018. The study design used was a cross-sectional study with follow-up data from the results of the 2018 Riskesdas. Samples used in this study are all residents in West Java Province aged 15-24 years who have been interviewed in Riskesdas 2018 and have complete data. The total sample in this study, amounting to 10561 samples. The results of this study indicate the prevalence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java by 11.2%. The highest prevalence of mental emotional disorders was found in female adolescents (13.3%), low education level (11.7%), divorced (12.2%), unemployed (11.5%), underweight nutritional status (13.8%), had a history of non-communicable diseases (22.4%), were former smokers (16.4%), and consumed alcohol (27.0%). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the most dominant risk factor has a significant relationship with the incidence of mental emotional disorders, is alcohol consumption (PR = 2,43, 95%CI: 1,92-3,06). Then, followed by gender, smoking behavior, history of non-communicable diseases, and employment status.
Key words: Emotional Mental Disorder, Determinants, Adolescents, West Java
Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tertinggi Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023, 30,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun mengalami hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran, sedangkan prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter adalah 8,6%. Selain itu, laporan SKI 2023 menekankan adanya kesenjangan antara perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi dengan proporsi masyarakat yang terdiagnosis. Saat ini, sebesar 53,3% penyandang hipertensi tidak teratur minum obat atau tidak minum obat antihipertensi, dan 56,9% tidak teratur atau sama sekali tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ulang ke tenaga kesehatan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Sebanyak 53.648 penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun berdasarkan data SKI 2023 diteliti dalam penelitian cross-sectional ini. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Variabel luaran adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi. Variabel prediktor adalah jenis kelamin, usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait hipertensi, tempat tinggal, wilayah geografis, status sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan, multimorbiditas, dan perilaku cek kesehatan berkala.
Hasil: Proporsi perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi yang aktif pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023 adalah 76,2%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 1,24; 95% CI: 1,15-1,33), berusia 65-74 tahun (ref. 18-24 tahun; OR = 6,60; 95% CI: 4,35-10,04), sedang menikah (OR = 0,92; 95% CI: 0,85-0,99), memiliki tingkat pendidikan tersier (ref. Tidak sekolah; OR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,12-1,47), tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,08-1,23), pernah mendapat informasi pengobatan hipertensi (OR = 3,98; 95% CI: 3,70-4,28), berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku (ref. Papua; OR = 1,97; 95% CI: 1,51-2,58), memiliki status sosial ekonomi teratas (OR = 1,36; 95% CI: 1,17-1,59), memiliki jaminan kesehatan (OR = 1,48; 95% CI: 1,36-1,61), memiliki multimorbiditas (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 1,63-1,92), dan melakukan cek kesehatan minimal 1 bulan sekali (ref. Tidak pernah; OR = 6,16; 95% CI: 5,54-6,84).
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan dibutuhkannya program untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, khususnya kelompok usia produktif, dalam melakukan pengobatan hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Perilaku pencarian pengobatan, penyandang hipertensi, hipertensi
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023, 30.8% of people aged ≥18 experienced hypertension based on blood pressure measurement, while the prevalence of hypertension based on a doctor’s diagnosis was 8.6%. In addition, the SKI 2023 report emphasised the gap between hypertension health-seeking behaviour and the proportion of diagnosed patients. Currently, 53.3% of hypertensive patients do not regularly or do not take anti-hypertensive medication, and 56.9% do not regularly or do not have re-examinations with health professionals. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 53.648 hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years based on SKI 2023 were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Chi-square test and simple logistic regression were used to determine the associations between variables. The outcome variable is hypertension health-seeking behaviour. The independent variables are gender, age, marital status, education level, employment status, hypertension-related knowledge, place of residence, geographic area, socioeconomic status, health insurance ownership, access to health facility, multimorbidity, and regular health check-up. Results: The proportion of active hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia in 2023 was 76.2%. Factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour were female (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.33), aged 65-74 years (ref. 18-44 years; OR = 6.60; 95% CI: 4.35-10.04), married (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), having tertiary education (ref. no formal education; OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), not working (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08-1.23), having received information on hypertension treatment (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 3.70-4.28), living in the Maluku Islands (ref. Papua; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.51-2.58), having the highest socioeconomic status (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.59), insured (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36-1.61), having multimorbidity (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.63-1.92), and doing a health check-up at least once a month (ref. never; OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 5.54-6.84). Conclusion: This study indicates the need for a program to raise awareness and the active participation of the public, particularly the productive age population, in seeking hypertension treatment. Key words: Health-seeking behaviour, hypertensive patients, hypertension
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yang dapat menyebar di udara saat penderita TB batuk. Penyakit ini biasanya mempengaruhi organ paru dan dapat juga mengenai organ yang lain. Sampai saat ini TB masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia walaupun upaya pengendalian telah diterapkan lama. Anak merupakan salah satu kelompok risiko yang berdampak dalam penularan TB. Dari seluruh penderita TB di dunia, sekitar 11% terjadi pada anak usia <15 tahun. Dari data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi TB paru pada anak berkisar 0,1-0,3%. Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian TB pada anak adalah malnutrisi yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kekebalan tubuh anak dan memudahkan anak terserang penyakit TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak usia 0-14 tahun. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dilakukan dari Mei-Juli 2023 dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Kelompok terpapar adalah anak dengan status gizi kurang sebesar 19.821 responden dan anak dengan status gizi buruk sebesar 7.307 responden. Kelompok tidak terpapar adalah anak dengan status gizi baik sebesar 170.934 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi tuberkulosis anak usia 0-14 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 0,19%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak usia 0-14 tahun setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur dan status pekerjaan ibu. Anak dengan status gizi kurang memiliki risiko 1,8 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami tuberkulosis dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status gizi baik (nilai p = <0,001; POR = 1,82 (95% CI 1,38-2,40)). Anak dengan status gizi buruk memiliki risiko 2,2 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami tuberkulosis dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status gizi baik (nilai p = <0,001; POR = 2,19 (95% CI 1,47-3,25)). Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran pentingnya pemantauan status gizi pada anak dalam peningkatan kekebalan tubuh anak sehingga terhindar dari penularan dan perkembangan penyakit tuberkulosis.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread through the air when people with TB cough. The disease usually affects the lungs and can also affect other organs. TB is still a public health problem worldwide despite long-standing control efforts. Children are one of the risk groups for TB transmission. Of all TB patients in the world, about 11% occur in children aged <15 years. From the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of pulmonary TB in children ranged from 0.1-0.3%. One of the risk factors that can cause the incidence of TB in children is malnutrition, which can cause a decrease in children's immunity and make it easier for children to get TB disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-14 years. The research design was cross sectional, conducted from May-July 2023 using the 2018 Riskesdas data. The exposed group was children with a nutritional status of 19,821 respondents and children with a nutritional status of 7,307 respondents. The unexposed group was children with a good nutritional status of 170,934 respondents. The results showed that the proportion of tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in Indonesia was 0.19%. There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-14 years after controlling for the variables of age and maternal employment status. Children with undernutrition had a 1.8 times higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to children with good nutrition (p value = <0.001; POR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.38-2.40)). Children with malnutrition had a 2.2 times higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to children with good nutrition (p value = <0.001; POR = 2.19 (95% CI 1.47-3.25)). This is expected to illustrate the importance of monitoring children's nutritional status in improving children's immunity so as to avoid the transmission and development of tuberculosis.
Latar belakang: Masalah gizi stunting masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia khususnya, pada bayi di bawah dua tahun (baduta) masih tergolong tinggi yakni 18.50%. Angka laju penurunan stunting pada baduta cenderung lamban dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Diperlukannya optimalisasi intervensi stunting terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) salah satunya, melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care).
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia setelah di kontrol oleh variable lainnya pada ibu yakni; faktor sosiodemografi, kesehatan kehamilan dan kesehatan anak.
Metode: Studi ini berdesain cross-sectional, dimana faktor paparan dan outcome diukur pada satu waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Mengikutsertakan sebanyak 18.898 anak berusia 6-23 bulan yang ibunya sedang tidak hamil dan memiliki data pemeriksaan kehamilan lengkap pada instrumen SKI tahun 2023. Analisis hubungan menggunakan cog regression sedangkan, pada pengontrolan hubungan variable menggunakan metode time-dependent dan backward-elimination.
Hasil: Anak berusia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia yang ibunya tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan berkualitas berisiko 1.23 kali (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value = 0,000) mengalami stunting setelah di kontrol oleh variabel kovariat lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Melakukan ANC minimal 4 kali dan menerima pelayanan ANC yang berkualitas dapat menurunkan resiko stunting pada baduta di Indoensia.
Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including in Indonesia. West Java is the province with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, with a rate of 34.4% based on blood pressure measurements and 10.7% based on doctor diagnoses. This makes West Java the third largest province in terms of hypertension prevalence among individuals aged ≥ 18 years. In managing hypertension, indicators related to hypertension therapy or medication are crucial factors that need attention. Recent data from the Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) shows that non-adherence to antihypertensive medication in West Java reaches 53.8%, with 35.5% of patients taking medication irregularly and 18.3% not taking medication at all. The low level of adherence among hypertensive patients to taking antihypertensive medication remains a significant issue in hypertension management in Indonesia, particularly in West Java. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years in West Java. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional study design with univariate and bivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years in West Java is 53.1%, with “feeling healthy” being the most common reason for non-adherence. Significant factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medication include: being aged 18–59 years (PR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06–1.47), having a low education level (PR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09–1.27), lacking health insurance (PR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.18–1.36), smoking (PR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04–1.21), and lacking knowledge related to antihypertensive medication (PR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72–1.97). Conclusion: The government needs to enhance health education and emphasize the importance of regularly taking antihypertensive medication, even when no symptoms are present. Additionally, cross-sector collaboration is necessary to support the prevention of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication.
