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This thesis discusses fire evacuation strategies using a three-dimensional (3D) modeling approach at three hospitals owned by PT X, located in Balikpapan, Tarakan, and Makassar. Currently, emergency evacuation processes can be analyzed using computer-based simulation software that realistically models individual movement dynamics during emergencies. This approach serves as an effective engineering method to assess the extent to which a building supports evacuation during a fire event. To ensure simulation accuracy, a comprehensive understanding of evacuation support facilities is essential, particularly in healthcare settings where occupants often have limited mobility and higher vulnerability. Hospitals, as healthcare facilities, present a high level of fire risk due to their structural complexity and the mobility limitations of patients. This study utilized 3D evacuation modeling through Pathfinder software to simulate occupant movement in emergency scenarios. The simulation was based on building specifications and occupant characteristics, including scenarios involving the evacuation of non-ambulatory patients using beds. The results indicate that critical areas such as intensive care units (ICUs) and inpatient wards recorded Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) that exceeded the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET), suggesting a potential failure in evacuation without strategic improvements. In addition, the study evaluated the compliance level of evacuation facilities with technical standards and regulations. The findings showed that the three hospitals achieved an average compliance score of 81.3%, categorized as “Good.” However, deficiencies were found in essential aspects such as the absence of ramps and fire lifts for evacuating non-ambulatory patients. This study highlights the need for more adaptive evacuation planning through improved preparedness of medical personnel, the application of progressive horizontal evacuation, and the enhancement of supporting infrastructure.
This study discusses fire evacuation strategies using three-dimensional (3D) modeling in the Jakarta International Stadium (JIS) building. Evacuation simulations can now be conducted through computerized modeling, which serves as an effective engineering approach to assess the feasibility of evacuation systems during fire emergencies. Such modeling must be supported by a fundamental understanding of evacuation facilities that play a vital role in facilitating safe and effective evacuation processes. As a multifunctional public facility frequently used for mass events such as football matches and music concerts, stadiums inherently carry a high fire risk. Therefore, this study employed the Pathfinder software to perform 3D evacuation simulations and analyze occupant movement during emergency scenarios within the stadium. The simulation required input data related to both the building structure and occupant characteristics. The simulation results showed a total evacuation time of 4 minutes and 53 seconds for the east and west stands, accommodating a total of 1,640 people. In addition, this research also assessed the level of compliance of the stadium’s evacuation facilities with applicable standards. The assessment revealed a 100% compliance rate, which falls into the “Good (B)” category, indicating that the evacuation infrastructure at Jakarta International Stadium meets the relevant safety and regulatory requirements.
Kondisi darurat adalah suatu kejadian yang luar biasa dan secara umum dapat rnendatangkan kerugian harta benda atau pun mengancam jiwa manusia. Suatu kejadian yang dapat memungkinkan terjadinya kondisi darurat antara lain kebakaran, bencana alam, banjir ancaman bom dan lain-lainnya. Mengingat karena keselamatan adalah kepentingan setiap orang maka setiap orang harus siap menghadapi keadaan darurat tersebut. Kebakaran merupakan salah satu keadaan darurat yang harus di waspadai, salah satu penyebab terjadinya kebakaran adalah belum diterapkannya Fire Safety Management secara efektif. Manajemen pengaman kebakaran (Fire Safety Management) merupakan kunci paling panting dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan bahaya kebakaran di tempat kerja, sekalipun dibandingkan dengan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kebakaran. Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah membahas mengenai waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan evakuasi pada keadaan darurat yaitu kebakaran di sebuah Gedung Perkantoran X di Jakarta selatan dengan menggunakan pemodelan evacnet4. Pemodelan evacnet4 merupakan salah satu cara untuk melakukan prediksi mengenai kejadian kebakaran sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan dari suatu kejadian kebakaran dapat ditanggulangi dengan sebaik-baiknya. Pemodelan evacnet ini menguraikan secara mendetail kondisi yang optimal dalam evakuasi untuk memperkecil waktu evakuasi penghuni gedung agar secepat mungkin dapat dilakukan evakuasi. Hasil dari pemodelan evacnet ini dapat dijadikan saran dan masukan bagi pengelola gedung untuk memperbaiki sistem tanggap darurat yang ada sehingga apabila terjadi kebakaran waktu evakuasi yang dibutuhkan tidak lama dan kerugian harta benda dan korban jiwa dapat dihindari.
Emergency conditions is a extremly condition, which can effect to human kind, and property damage. Circumtances which can lead to emergency condition are tire, natural disaster, bomb, etc. Knowing that safety is everybody concern, therefore every worker should prepare for emergency condition. Fire is one of emergency state which should be warned, because the lack of tire safety management appliance. Fire safety management is the effective key to prevent and overcome fire hazard in work place. Therefore, the objetive of this thesis is : Describing time/duration factor during evacuation on emergency situation, at X Office Building, South Jakarta, using evacnet 4 model. Evacnet 4 model is a tool that can be used to predict fire condition, in a way to reduce the impact. Evacnet model describes how to efficiently conduct the evacuation. The result of evacnet model can be used to develop and improve emergency response system in building, in purpose to minimize the duration during evacuation, and loss to human and property damage.
This research Analyze application of active and passive protection system and emergency response system of fire at Vokasi UI Building. The purpose of this research is to understand about the compatibility of those system compare with Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum and National Fire Protection Association, active and passive protection system and emeregency response system of fire. This research use descriptive method through observation and document review. The conclusion of this research is the active and passive protection system and emergency response of fire at Vokasi UI Building has not fully complied the standard.
