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Pendahuluan: Salah satu kebijakan Kementerian Kesehatan untuk peningkatan layanan berkualitas adalah pemanfaatan Single Use Dialiser bagi pasien Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang menjalani hemodialisis. Rumah Sakit mendapat imbalan tarif baru dan sistem insentif apabila melaksanakan single use dialiser (Permenkes 3/2023). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapat gambaran kesiapan serta hambatan di Instalasi Dialisis Rumah Sakit dalam menjalankan kebijakan single use dialiser.
Metodologi: Balance scorecard digunakan untuk memotret pelayanan hemodialisis sebelum dan setelah diberlakukan Permenkes Nomor 3 Tahun 2023.
Hasil: Pelayanan HD yang belum menggunakan single use mempengaruhi capaian kinerja tahun 2023. Pada perspektif pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan ditemukan beban kerja perawat yang tidak ideal karena harus mencuci dialiser yang telah dipakai. Pada perspektif proses bisnis intenal terdapat peningkatan kejadian rawat inap pada pasin rutin HD dan ditemukan kejadian dialiser tertukar. Pada perspektif pelanggan menyebabkan turunnya kepuasan pasien, dan pada perspektif keuangan terdapat penurunan rasio profitabilitas.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan HD dengan single use dapat dilaksanakan di Unit Dialisis RS UI. Jika tidak dilaksanakan berpengaruh pada capaian kinerja dalam semua perspektif balance scorecard.
Kata Kunci:Perbandingan layanan hemodialisis
Comparison Outpatient Hemodialysis Patient Between Outsourcing System And JoinOperational System Consideration Cost Factor And Hospital Policy At Puri Cinere Hospital In2013 is a description of comparison outpatient at Puri Cinere Hospital.This Study is to compare the advantage and disadvantage hemodialysis service inoutsourcing system and join operational system, to determine outpatient average cost unit inoutsourcing sistem undergo at Puri Cinere Hospital, to determine average outpatient cost unit injoin operational system to become alternative choice, to determine which system give moreadvantage to Puri Cinere Hospital between outsourcing system and join operational system, todetermine hospital policy to undergo hemodialysis service. This study uses a case study withpartial economic evaluation approach. A quantitative approach is done by calculating cost unitthat become the basic of determining of hemodialysis tariff. A qualitative approach is done bydeep interview to gain information about the basic choice undergo outsourcing system and futherplan after the end of the outsourcing period.The result showed that building investment is the highest cost in investment cost, andnon medic investment is the lowest cost in investment cost. Total cost of hemodialysis inoutsourcing system in 2013 is higher than join operational system.The actual cost and the normative cost unit of hemodialysis service with outsourcingsystem is lower than Puri Cinere Hospital hemodialysis service tariff. The same conditionhappen in Join Operational system. Cost Recovery Rate (CRR) in outsourcing system is lower(109.06%) than CRR in Join Operational System (121.63%), The Illustration above shows thatthe Join Operational System give more advantage compare to outsourcing system. Hospitalpolicy to hemodialysis service after the end of the period with outsourcing depends onnegotiation between two sides, and must be evaluated especially in terms of cost sharing. Theresult of this negotiation could become a basic to take a further decision.
Keywords:Comparison of outpatient hemodialysis
Sejak kebijakan SIMRS di bagian rawat jalan diimplementasikan, SIMRS di RSU Bhakti Yudha belum pernah di evaluasi. Padahal, kebijakan harus diawasi, dan salah satu mekanisme pengawasan tersebut adalah evaluasi. Berdasarkan timing implementasi (Nugroho, 2011), seharusnya evaluasi dilakukan antara tahun ke-3 atau ke-5 sejak implementasi penuh suatu kebijakan, sedangkan saat ini implementasi kebijakan SIMRS Bhakti Yudha telah mencapai tahun ke-8. Penelitian mengenai evaluasi implementasi kebijakan SIMRS di bagian rawat jalan RSU Bhakti Yudha tahun 2012 menggunakan desain kualitatif interpretatif dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan informan yang berjumlah 10 orang informan dari staf pelayanan rawat jalan hingga direktur rumah sakit. Dari hasil triangulasi sumber, metode, dan analisis diperoleh hasil bahwa saat ini kualitas sistem informasi manajemen secara keseluruhan masih belum efektif. Dari analisis Fit/Gap didapatkan hanya 11% dari aplikasi software yang digunakan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan rumah sakit, dan 56% masih mengalami kesenjangan. Pada analisis QSPM yang didahului dengan menggunakan matriks EFAS dan IFAS serta SWOT, diperoleh bahwa rekomendasi kebijakan bagi sistem informasi manajemen RSU Bhakti Yudha adalah dengan meminimalisir kelemahan internal, yaitu dengan mengganti sistem informasi yang ada dengan sistem vendor, namun dengan penetapan rumusan kebijakan akan sistem informasi manajemen terlebih dahulu. Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit, Evaluasi, Kebijakan, Implementasi, Rekomendasi.
The implementation of management information system policy in the outpatient ward in the RSU Yudha Bhakti has never been evaluated. In fact, the policy should be monitored, and one of these control mechanisms are evaluated. Based on the timing of implementation, the evaluation should be conducted between the third or the fifth since the full implementation of a policy, while the current policy implementation of management information system Yudha Bhakti has achieved year 8. This research on the evaluation of policy implementation in the outpatient Bhakti Yudha Hospital in 2012 wasa using an interpretive qualitative design with in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. This study used 10 informants from the operational staff of outpatient services, IT manager, hospital consultant, and the director of the hospital. From the sources, methods, and analyzes triangulation, the results obtained that the current quality of management information systems as a whole is still not effective. From the analysis of Fit / Gap, the research showed thatd only 11% of software applications used in accordance with the hospital needs, and 56% still have gaps. In the analysis that preceded QSPM by using matrix EFAs and IFAs, and SWOT, this research result in the recommendation that the management of information system in the outpatient ward of Bhakti Yudha RSU need to minimize its internal weaknesses, by replacing the existing information systems with vendor development, but with the determination of policy formulation for a system of information managementi in advance. Key words: Hospital Management Information Systems, Evaluation, Policy, Implementation, Recommendations
ABSTRAK Nama : Firda Tania Program Studi: Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Cost and Outcome Analysis Tindakan Hemodialisis Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) di Rumah Sakit Kelas B dan C Tahun 2016 Latar belakang: GGK merupakan kondisi yang semakin meningkat kejadiannya, menghabiskan banyak biaya dan mengakibatkan hilangnya produktivitas. Sejak 2014, BPJS menanggung sebagian besar biaya hemodialisis (HD) di Indonesia dengan besaran tarif yang berbeda sesuai kelas Rumah Sakit (RS). Pertanyaan penelitian ini ialah apakah tarif BPJS yang dibayarkan lebih tinggi pada kelas RS lebih tinggi menghasilkan hasil yang lebih baik atau malah mencerminkan inefisiensi. Selain itu, perlu diketahui pula apakah terdapat perbedaan biaya yang sebenarnya dikeluarkan RS dengan kelas berbeda untuk menyelenggarakan HD. Metode: Studi evaluasi ekonomi ini dilakukan di dua RS dengan kelas berbeda: kelas B (RS B) dan kelas C (RS C). Responden dipilih dari pasien GGK yang menjalani HD di kedua RS selama Februari-April 2016. Analisis biaya menurut perspektif pasien dengan metode kuantitatif, sedangkan perspektif RS dengan metode kualitatif. Analisis hasil dilakukan penilaian kualitas hidup (instrumen EQ-5D), IDWL dan Hb. Perbedaan rerata nilai hasil diuji dengan Student’s t-test. Hasil: Pada penelitian, total responden sebanyak 100 orang (RS B 76 orang & RS C 24 orang). Menurut perspektif pasien, biaya langsung medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp5.215.331 dan di RS C Rp7.781.744. Biaya langsung non medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp566.260 dan di RS C Rp334.500. Biaya tidak langsung HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp165.530 dan di RS C Rp45.830. Rerata total biaya HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp6.149.285 dan di RS C Rp8.162.077. Menurut perspektif RS, tidak terdapat perbedaan biaya yang sebenarnya dikeluarkan oleh RS dengan kelas berbeda untuk menyelenggarakan HD. Pada hasil didapatkan bahwa rerata Hb pada RS B (M=10,26) berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (M=8,21), t(98)= 8,244, p= 0,000. Rerata IDWL pada RS B (M= 0,0403) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (M= 0,0438), t(98)= -1,326, p= 0, 188. Rerata EQ Indeks pada RS B (M= 0,7178) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (M= 0,7208), t(98)= -0,075 p= 0,94. Rerata EQVAS pada RS B (M= 64,74) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (M= 64,79), t(98)= -0,018 p= 0,986. Kesimpulan: Pada penilaian efektivitas HD tanpa melibatkan tambahan sumber daya, tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil secara signifikan diantara kedua kelas RS. Fakta bahwa pengeluaran yang lebih besar dari BPJS tidak mengakibatkan hasil kesehatan yang lebih baik biasanya diinterpretasikan sebagai bukti adanya inefisiensi. Biaya RS dengan kelas berbeda untuk menyelenggarakan HD pun tidak berbeda karena secara persyaratan sama. Perbedaan biaya medis langsung dari billing RS berkaitan dengan status kepemilikan RS dan perbedaan rerata Hb berkaitan dengan perbedaan akses terhadap koreksi anemia yang ada di kedua RS. Kata Kunci: Cost and Outcome Analysis, Hemodialisis, Kelas RS, Tarif BPJS
ABSTRACT Name : Firda Tania Study Program: Hospital Administration Title : Cost and Outcome Analysis of Hemodialysis on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients at Class B and C Hospital in 2016 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing condition, which consumes a lot of cost and causes productivity lost. Since 2014, BPJS has covered most of hemodialysis (HD) in Indonesia with different tariff according to hospital’s classification. The research question is whether higher tariff paid to higher hospital class produced better outcome or otherwise reflecting inefficiency. The other question is whether hospital’s real cost to effectuate HD unit was different according to hospital’s class. Methods: This economic evaluation study was conducted in two hospitals with different classification; class B (B Hospital) and class C (C Hospital). Respondents were chosen from CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in both hospital during Februari to April 2016. Costs from patient’s perspective were analyzed using quantitative method, while hospital’s perspective were analyzed using qualitative method. As outcomes, HRQOL assessed using EQ-5D instrument, mean IDWL & Hb. Differences in outcomes tested using T-test. Results: In this study, total respondents participated were 100 patients; 76 from B hospital and 24 from C hospital. According to patient’s perspective, HD direct medical cost monthly average was IDR 5.215.331 in B hospital and IDR 7.781.744 in C hospital, direct non medical cost monthly average was IDR 566.260 in B hospital and IDR 334.500 in C hospital and indirect cost monthly average was IDR 165.530 in B hospital and IDR 45.830 in C hospital, so total HD cost monthly average was IDR 6.149.285 in B hospital and IDR 8.162.077. According to hospital’s perspective, there were no difference in hospital’s real cost to effectuate HD unit. Outcome results found that mean Hb in B hospital (10,26) were significantly different from mean Hb in C hospital (8,21), t(98)= 8,244, p=0,000. While mean IDWL in B (0,0403) were not significantly different with mean IDWL in C (0,0438), t(98)= -1,326, p=0,188. Mean EQ Indeks score (0,7178) and EQ VAS score (64,74) in B hospital were not significantly different with mean EQ Indeks score (0,7208) and EQ VAS (64,79) in C hospital, t(98)=0,075, p=0,94 and t(98)=-0,018, p=0,986 respectively. Conclusion: This findings showed that in hemodialysis effectivity assessment which did not include the use of additional resources from standard (PMK No. 812/2010), there were no significant difference in outcome in two different class of hospitals. Higher CBGs tariff for higher class of hospital had not produced better health outcome, which usually interpreted as an evidence of inefficiency. Hospital’s real cost to effectuate HD unit were not different since the requirements were the same (PMK 812/2010). Difference in direct medical cost from hospital billing related to hospital’s ownership status and difference of mean Hb related to different access to anemia correction in both hospital. Keywords: Cost & Outcome Analysis, Hemodialysis, Hospital Class, BPJS tariff
